Using Declarations 

Use

You can use JSP declaration elements to declare variables or methods in your JSP page. The methods and variables that you define in the declaration are scoped at the current page level. That is, they are available only within the implementation class for the current JSP page.

Procedure

Defining Utility Methods in Your JSP

You can use declarations to define whichever utility methods you need for your JSP. An example of this use of declaration elements is the step2.jsp of the car rental application, which defines a formatName() method that does string tokenization:

<%!   String formatName(String name){     StringTokenizer tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(name, " ");     String formated = "";     while(tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()){       formated += tokenizer.nextToken();     }     return formated;   } %>

The method is then used within the following HTML code, in order to construct the filename of an image of the selected type of car to be displayed:

<td><img src= " <% ="images/" + formatName(vehicleType.getName()) + ".gif"%>" border="0"></td>

Providing Custom Initialization to Your JSP Page

Another example of using declaration elements is when you define a jspInit() method, in which you can get custom initialization parameters that you have defined in the deployment descriptor of your Web application. This method is called by the Web Container when it instantiates and initializes the implementation class of the JSP page.

<%! public void jspInit() {     ServletContext context = getServletConfig().getServletContext();     // Here you can get the custom parameters to initialize     // the JSP implementation class. It is done the same     // way as with servlets.    } %>