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<-- Begin file 8 of 10: R (Version 0.4) of
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R.
R (?). R, the eighteenth letter of English
alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is sometimes called a
semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide to
Pronunciation,
\'bdR is the dog's letter and hurreth in the
sound.\'b8
B. Jonson.
In words derived from the Greek language the letter
h is generally written after r to represent
the aspirated sound of the Greek "r, but does not
affect the pronunciation of the English word, as
rhapsody, rhetoric.
The English letter derives its form from the Greek through
the Latin, the Greek letter derived from the Phoenician, which,
it is believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically,
R is most closely related to l, s, and
n; as in bandore, mandole;
purple, L. purpura; E. chapter, F.
chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was,
were; hare, G. hase; E.
order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E.
coffer, coffin.
The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading,
(w)riting, and (a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an
education.
Ra (?), n. A roe; a deer.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ra-. A prefix, from the Latin re and
ad combined, coming to us through the French and
Italian. See Re- and Ad-.
Raash (?), n. [Cf. Ar.
ra'ash trembling, tremor.] (Zo\'94l.)
The electric catfish. [Written also
raasch.]
Rab (?), n. A rod or stick used
by masons in mixing hair with mortar.
Rab"at (?), n. [See
Rabot.] A polishing material made of potter's
clay that has failed in baking.
Ra*bate" (?), v. t. [F.
rabattre to beat down; pref. re- +
abattre. See Abate, and cf. Rebate,
v.] (Falconry) To recover to the
fist, as a hawk. [Obs.]
Rab"a*tine (?) n. [See
Rabato.] A collar or cape.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Scott.
Ra*ba"to (?), n. [F.
rabat, fr. rabattre. See
Rabate.] A kind of ruff for the neck; a
turned-down collar; a rebato. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rab*bate" (?), v. t. [See
Rabate.] To abate or diminish.
[Obs.] -n. Abatement.
[Obs.]
Rab"bet (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rabbeted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rabbeting.] [F.
raboter to plane, plane down,rabot a plane;
pref. re- re- + OF. abouter,
aboter. See Abut, and cf.
Rebut.] 1. To cut a rabbet in; to
furnish with a rabbet.
2. To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a
rabbet joint.
Rab"bet, n. [See Rabbet
v., and cf. Rebate, n.]
1. (Carp.) A longitudinal channel,
groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of any body;
especially, one intended to receive another member, so as to
break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the members in
place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of glass, or
for a door, is a rabbet, or rebate.
2. Same as Rabbet joint, below.
Rabbet joint (Carp.), a joint
formed by fitting together rabbeted boards or timbers: -- called
also rabbet. -- Rabbet plane,
a joiner's plane for cutting a rabbet.
Moxon.
Rab"bi (?), n.; pl.
Rabbis (#) or Rabbies.
[L., fr. Gr. rab\'c6 my master, from
rab master, lord, teacher, akin to Ar.
rabb.] Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish
title of respect or honor for a teacher or doctor of the
law. \'bdThe gravest rabbies.\'b8
Milton.
Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master,
even Christ, and all ye are brethren.
Matt. xxiii. 8.
Rab"bin (?), n. [F.]
Same as Rabbi.
{ Rab*bin"ic (?), Rab*bin"ic*al
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
rabbinique.] Of or pertaining to the
rabbins, or pertaining to be opinions, learning, or language of
the rabbins. \'bdComments staler than
rabbinic.\'b8
Lowell.
We will not buy your rabbinical fumes.
Milton.
Rab*bin"ic (?), n. The language
or dialect of the rabbins; the later Hebrew.
Rab*bin"ic*al*ly, adv. In a rabbinical
manner; after the manner of the rabbins.
Rab"bin*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
rabbinisme.] 1. A rabbinic
expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the
rabbins.
2. The teachings and traditions of the
rabbins.
Rab"bin*ist, n. [Cf. F.
rabbiniste.] One among the Jews who adhered
to the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to
the Karaites, who rejected the traditions.
Rab"bin*ite (?), n. Same as
Rabbinist.
Rab"bit (?), n. [OE.
abet, akin to OD. robbe,
robbeken.] (Zo\'94l.) Any of the
smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common
European species (Lepus cuniculus), which is often
kept as a pet, and has been introduced into many countries. It is
remarkably prolific, and has become a pest in some parts of
Australia and New Zealand.
L. sylvalica)
is similar but smaller. See Cottontail, and Jack
rabbit, under 2d Jack. The larger species of
Lepus are commonly called hares. See
Hare.
Angora rabbit (Zo\'94l.), a variety
of the domestic rabbit having long, soft fur. -- Rabbit
burrow, a hole in the earth made by rabbits for shelter
and habitation. -- Rabbit fish.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The northern chim\'91ra
(Chim\'91ra monstrosa). (b) Any one
of several species of plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and
puffer. The term is also locally applied to other fishes. --
Rabbits' ears. (Bot.) See
Cyclamen.<-- a type of antenna with two long narrow
metal prongs, usually arranged so as to remeniscent of erect
rabbit's ears. --> -- Rabbit warren, a piece of
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of rabbits.
Wright. -- Rock rabbit.
(Zo\'94l.) See Daman, and
Klipdas. -- Welsh rabbit, a dish of
which the chief constituents are toasted bread and toasted
cheese, prepared in various ways. The name is said to be a
corruption of Welsh rare bit, but perhaps it
is merely a humorous designation.
Rab"bit*ing, n. The hunting of
rabbits.
T. Hughes.
Rab"bit*ry (?), n. A place
where rabbits are kept; especially, a collection of hutches for
tame rabbits.
Rab"ble (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Iron Manuf.) An iron bar, with
the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the
process of pudding.
Rab"ble, v. t. To stir with a rabble, as
molten iron.
Rab"ble, v. i. [Akin to D.
rabbelen, Prov. G. rabbeln, to prattle, to
chatter: cf. L. rabula a brawling advocate, a
pettifogger, fr. rabere to rave. Cf.
Rage] To speak in a confused manner.
[Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Rab"ble, n. [Probably named from the
noise made by it (see Rabble, v. t.) cf. D.
rapalje rabble, OF. & Prov. F.
rapaille.] 1. A tumultuous crowd
of vulgar, noise people; a mob; a confused, disorderly
throng.
I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of
the prince, a great rabble of mean and light
persons.
Ascham.
Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars and the whole
rabble of licentious deities.
Bp. Warburton.
2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of
voices; a chatter.
The rabble, the lowest class of people,
without reference to an assembly; the dregs of the people.
\'bdThe rabble call him \'bflord.'\'b8
Shak.
Rab"ble, a. Of or pertaining to a
rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; disorderly; vulgar.
[R.]
Dryden.
Rab"ble, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rabbled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rabbling (?).] 1.
To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to
rabble a curate.
Macaulay.
The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates them
selves rabbled on their way to the house.
J. R. Green.
2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth
without intelligence. [Obs. or Scot.]
Foxe.
3. To rumple; to crumple.
[Scot.]
Rab"ble*ment (?), n. A
tumultuous crowd of low people; a rabble. \'bdRude
rablement.\'b8
Spenser.
And still, as he refused it, the rabblement
hooted.
Shak.
Rab"blor (?), n. [See 2d
Rabble.] (Mech.) A scraping tool
for smoothing metal.
Rab"ble-rout` (?), n. A
tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy throng.
Rab*doid"al (?), a. [Gr. -oid + -al.] (Anat.) See
Sagittal. [Written also
rhabdoidal.]
Rab*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F.
rabdologie.] The method or art of
performing arithmetical operations by means of Napier's bones.
See Napier's bones. [Written also
rhabdology.]
Rab"do*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. -mancy.] Divination by means of rods
or wands. [Written also
rhabdomancy.]
Sir T. Browne.
Rab"id (?), a.[L.
rabidus, from rabere to rave. See
Rage, n.] 1. Furious;
raging; extremely violent.
The rabid flight
Of winds that ruin ships.
Chapman.
2. Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion;
excessively zealous; as, a rabid
socialist.
3. Affected with the distemper called
rabies; mad; as, a rabid god or
fox.
4. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rabies, or
hydrophobia; as, rabid virus.
Ra*bid"i*ty (?), n. Rabidness;
furiousness.
Rab"id*ly (?), adv. In a rabid
manner; with extreme violence.
Rab"id*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rabid.
\'d8Ra"bi*es (?), n. [L. See
Rage, n.] Same as
Hydrophobia (b); canine madness.
Rab"i*net (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Mil.) A kind of small ordnance
formerly in use. [Written also
rabanet.]
Ainsworth.
Ra"bi*ous (?), a. Fierce.
[Obs.]
Daniel.
Ra"bot (?), n. [F.]
A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble to be
polished.
Knight.
\'d8Ra"ca (?), a. [Gr. r.] A term of
reproach used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning
\'bdworthless.\'b8
Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be
in danger of the council.
Matt. v. 22.
\'d8Ra`ca`hout" (?), n. [F.
racahout, probably fr. Ar.
r\'beqaut.] A preparation from acorns used
by the Arabs as a substitute for chocolate, and also as a
beverage for invalids.
Rac*coon" (?), n. [F.
raton, prop., a little rat, fr. rat rat,
perhaps of German origin. See Rat.]
(Zo\'94l.) A North American nocturnal carnivore
(Procyon lotor) allied to the bears, but much smaller,
and having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its
body is gray, varied with black and white. Called also
coon, and mapach.
Raccoon dog (Zo\'94l.), the
tanate. -- Raccoon fox (Zo\'94l.),
the cacomixle.
Race (?), v. t. To raze.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- p. 1182 -->
Race (?), n. [OF.
ra\'8bz, L. radix, -icis. See
Radix.] A root. \'bdA race
or two of ginger.\'b8
Shak.
Race ginger, ginger in the root, or not
pulverized.
Race, n. [F. race; cf. Pr. &
Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG.
reiza line, akin to E. write. See
Write.]
1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family,
tribe, people, or nation, believed or presumed to belong to the
same stock; a lineage; a breed.
The whole race of mankind.
Shak.
Whence the long race of Alban fathers come.
Dryden.
Caucasian, or
white race, to which belong the greater part of the European
nations and those of Western Asia; the Mongolian, or
yellow race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the
Ethiopian, or negro race, occupying most of Africa
(except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific Islands;
the American, or red race, comprising the Indians of
North and South America; and the Malayan, or brown
race, which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc.
Many recent writers classify the Malay and American races as
branches of the Mongolian. See Illustration in
Appendix.
2. Company; herd; breed.
For do but note a wild and wanton herd,
Or race of youthful and unhandled colts,
Fetching mad bounds.
Shak.
3. (Bot.) A variety of such fixed
character that it may be propagated by seed.
4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine;
that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin
or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavor; smack.
\'bdA race of heaven.\'b8
Shak.
Is it [the wine] of the right race ?
Massinqer.
5. Hence, characteristic quality or
disposition. [Obs.]
And now I give my sensual race the rein.
Shak.
Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment.
Sir W. Temple.
Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring;
progeny; issue.
Race, n. [OE. ras,
res, rees, AS. r a rush,
running; akin to Icel. r\'bes course, race.
1. A progress; a course; a
movement or progression.
2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a
running.
The flight of many birds is swifter than the race
of any beasts.
Bacon.
3. Hence: The act or process of running in
competition; a contest of speed in any way, as in running,
riding, driving, skating, rowing, sailing; in the plural,
usually, a meeting for contests in the running of horses; as,
he attended the races.
The race is not to the swift.
Eccl. ix. 11.
I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race.
Pope.
4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when
prolonged; hence, career; course of life.
My race of glory run, and race of
shame.
Milton.
5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the
channel or passage for such a current; a powerful current or
heavy sea, sometimes produced by the meeting of two tides;
as, the Portland Race; the Race of
Alderney.
6. The current of water that turns a water wheel,
or the channel in which it flows; a mill race.
headrace, the part below, the
tailrace.
7. (Mach.) A channel or guide along
which a shuttle is driven back and forth, as in a loom, sewing
machine, etc.
Race cloth, a cloth worn by horses in racing,
having pockets to hold the weights prescribed. -- Race
course. (a) The path, generally circular or
elliptical, over which a race is run. (b) Same
as Race way, below. -- Race cup,
a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race. --
Race glass, a kind of field glass. --
Race horse. (a) A horse that runs in
competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running
races. (b) A breed of horses remarkable for
swiftness in running. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The
steamer duck. (d) (Zo\'94l.) A
mantis. -- Race knife, a cutting tool with a
blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on
boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding.
-- Race saddle, a light saddle used in
racing. -- Race track. Same as Race
course (a), above. -- Race way,
the canal for the current that drives a water
wheel.
Race, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Raced (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Racing (?).] 1. To
run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals
raced over the ground; the ships raced from
port to port.
2. (Steam Mach.) To run too fast at
times, as a marine engine or screw, when the screw is lifted out
of water by the action of a heavy sea.
Race, v. t. 1. To cause to
contend in race; to drive at high speed; as, to race
horses.
2. To run a race with.
Ra*ce"mate (?), n.
(Chem.) A salt of racemic acid.
Rac`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L.
racematio a gleaning, fr. racemari to
glean, racemus a cluster of grapes. See
Raceme.] 1. A cluster or bunch, as
of grapes.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Cultivation or gathering of clusters of
grapes. [R.]
Ra*ceme" (?), n. [L.
racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes. See
Raisin.] (Bot.) A flower cluster
with an elongated axis and many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as
in the currant and chokecherry.
Compound raceme, one having the lower pedicels
developed into secondary racemes.
Ra*cemed" (?), a. (Bot.)
Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.
Ra*ce"mic (?), a. [Cf. F.
rac\'82mique. See Raceme.]
(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid
found in many kinds of grapes. It is also obtained from tartaric
acid, with which it is isomeric, and from sugar, gum, etc., by
oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline substance, consisting
of a combination of dextrorotatory and levorotatory tartaric
acids.
Gregory.
Rac`e*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L.
racemifer bearing clusters; racemus cluster
+ ferre to bear: cf. F.
rac\'82mif\'8are.] (Bot.)
Bearing racemes, as the currant.
Ra*cem"i*form (?), a. Having
the form of a raceme.
Gray.
Rac"e*mose` (?), a. [L.
racemosus full of clusters.] Resembling a
raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as,
(Bot.) racemose berries or flowers;
(Anat.) the racemose glands, in which the
ducts are branched and clustered like a raceme.
Gray.
Rac"e*mous (?), a. [Cf. F.
rac\'82meux.] See Racemose.
Rac"e*mule (?), n. (Bot.)
A little raceme.
Ra*cem"u*lose` (?), a.
(Bot.) Growing in very small racemes.
Ra"cer (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race
horse.
And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize.
Pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The common American black
snake.
3. (Mil.) One of the circular iron or
steel rails on which the chassis of a heavy gun is turned.
{ Rach, Rache (?) },
n. [AS.r\'91cc; akin to Icel.
rakki.] (Zo\'94l.) A dog that
pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the
greyhound.[Obs.]
\'d8Ra"chi*al"gi*a (?), n.
[NL., fr. Gr.
(Med.) A painful affection of the spine;
especially, Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic.
Ra*chid"i*an (?), a. [See
Rachis.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Of or
pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as
Rhachidian.
\'d8Ra*chil"la (?), n.
[NL.] Same as Rhachilla.
Ra"chi*o*dont (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Rhachiodont.
\'d8Ra"chis (?), n.; pl. E.
Rachises (#), L. Rachides
(#). [NL., fr. Gr.
[Written also rhachis.] 1.
(Anat.) The spine; the vertebral column.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Same as
Rhachis.
Ra*chit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F.
rachitique. See Rachitis.]
(Med.) Of or pertaining to rachitis; affected by
rachitis; rickety.
\'d8Ra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr.
[Written also rhachitis.] 1.
(Med.) Literally, inflammation of the spine, but
commonly applied to the rickets. See Rickets.
2. (Bot.) A disease which produces
abortion in the fruit or seeds.
Henslow.
Ra"chi*tome (?), n. [F., fr.
Gr. A dissecting
instrument for opening the spinal canal. [Written
also rachiotome.]
Ra"cial (?), a. Of or
pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the
racial complexion.
Ra"ci*ly (?), adv. In a racy
manner.
Ra"ci*ness (?), n. The quality
of being racy; peculiar and piquant flavor.
The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were
perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always
simple, and raciness often elegant.
London Times.
Ra"cing (?), a. & n. from
Race, v. t. & i.
Racing crab (Zo\'94l.), an
ocypodian.
Rack (?), n. Same as
Arrack.
Rack, n. [AS. hracca neck,
hinder part of the head; cf. AS. hraca throat, G.
rachen throat, E. retch.] The
neck and spine of a fore quarter of veal or mutton.
Rack, n. [See Wreck.]
A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few
phrases.]
Rack and ruin, destruction; utter ruin.
[Colloq.] -- To go to rack, to
perish; to be destroyed. [Colloq.] \'bdAll goes
to rack.\'b8 Pepys.
Rack, n. [Prob. fr. Icel. rek
drift, motion, and akin to reka to drive, and E.
wrack, wreck. .]
Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating
vapor in the sky.
Shak.
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above,
which we call the rack, . . . pass without noise.
Bacon.
And the night rack came rolling up.
C. Kingsley.
Rack, v. i. To fly, as vapor or broken
clouds.
Rack, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Racked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Racking.] [See Rack that which
stretches, or Rock, v.] To amble
fast, causing a rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace;
-- said of a horse.
Fuller.
Rack, n. A fast amble.
Rack, v. t. [Cf. OF. vin
raqu\'82 squeezed from the dregs of the grapes.]
To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.
It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees
(which we call racking), whereby it will clarify much
the sooner.
Bacon.
Rack vintage, wine cleansed and drawn from the
lees. Cowell.
Rack, n. [Probably fr. D.rek,
rekbank, a rack, rekken to stretch; akin to
G. reck, reckbank, a rack,
recken to stretch, Dan. r\'91kke, Sw.
r\'84cka, Icel. rekja to spread out, Goth.
refrakjan to stretch out; cf. L. porrigere,
Gr. Right, a.,
Ratch.] 1. An instrument or frame
used for stretching, extending, retaining, or displaying,
something. Specifically: (a) An engine of
torture, consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was
gradually stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated;
-- formerly used judicially for extorting confessions from
criminals or suspected persons.
During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a
rack was introduced into the Tower, and was
occasionally used under the plea of political necessity.
Macaulay.
(b) An instrument for bending a bow.
(c) A grate on which bacon is laid.
(d) A frame or device of various construction for
holding, and preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied
to beasts. (e) A frame on which articles are
deposited for keeping or arranged for display; as, a clothes
rack; a bottle rack, etc.
(f) (Naut.) A piece or frame of wood,
having several sheaves, through which the running rigging passes;
-- called also rack block. Also, a frame to
hold shot. (g) (Mining) A frame or
table on which ores are separated or washed. (h)
A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain
on the stalk, or other bulky loads. (i) A
distaff.
2. (Mech.) A bar with teeth on its face,
or edge, to work with those of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is
to drive it or be driven by it.
3. That which is extorted; exaction.
[Obs.]
Sir E. Sandys.
Mangle rack. (Mach.) See under
Mangle. n. -- Rack block.
(Naut.) See def. 1 (f), above. --
Rack lashing, a lashing or binding where the rope
is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood
twisted around. -- Rack rail
(Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a rail, to
afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive for
climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain. --
Rack saw, a saw having wide teeth. --
Rack stick, the stick used in a rack lashing.
-- To be on the rack, to suffer torture, physical
or mental. -- To live at rack and manger, to
live on the best at another's expense.
[Colloq.] -- To put to the rack, to
subject to torture; to torment.
A fit of the stone puts a kingto the
rack, and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest
subject.
Sir W. Temple.
Rack (?), v. t. 1. To
extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain;
specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an
engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.
He was racked and miserably tormented.
Pope.
2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme
pain or anguish.
Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair.
Milton.
3. To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense;
hence, to harass, or oppress by extortion.
The landlords there shamefully rack their
tenants.
Spenser.
They [landlords] rack a Scripture simile beyond the
true intent thereof.
Fuller.
Try what my credit can in Venice do;
That shall be racked even to the uttermost.
Shak.
4. (Mining) To wash on a rack, as metals
or ore.
5. (Naut.) To bind together, as two
ropes, with cross turns of yarn, marline, etc.
To rack one's brains wits, to exert them to the utmost for the
purpose of accomplishing something.
Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend; tear.
Rack"a*bones` (?), n. A very
lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. U. S.]
Rack"er (?), n. 1. One
who racks.
2. A horse that has a racking gait.
Rack"et (?), n. [F.
raquette; cf. Sp. raquets, It.
racchetta, which is perhaps for retichetta,
and fr. L. rete a net (cf. Reticule); or
perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. r\'beha the palm of the
hand (used at first to strike the ball), and OF.
rachette, rasquette, carpus, tarsus.]
[Written also racquet.] 1.
A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together,
forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of
catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and
is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar
games.
Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and
ending in a racket.
Bancroft.
2. A variety of the game of tennis played with
peculiar long-handled rackets; -- chiefly in the plural.
Chaucer.
3. A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a
long and narrow frame of light wood. [Canada]
4. A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse,
to enable him to step on marshy or soft ground.
Racket court, a court for playing the game of
rackets.
Rack"et, v. t. To strike with, or as
with, a racket.
Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to
another.
Hewyt.
Rack"et, n. [Gael. racaid a
noise, disturbance.]
1. confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or
sport.
2. A carouse; any reckless dissipation.
[Slang]
Rack"et, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Racketed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Racketing.] 1. To make a
confused noise or racket.
2. To engage in noisy sport; to frolic.
Sterne.
3. To carouse or engage in dissipation.
[Slang]
Rack"et*er (?), n. One who
makes, or engages in, a racket.
Rack"ett (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] (Mus.) An old wind instrument
of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.
Rack"et-tall (?) n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of humming
birds of the genus Steganura, having two of the tail
feathers very long and racket-shaped.
Rack"et-talled` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having long and spatulate, or
racket-shaped, tail feathers.
Rack"et*y (?), a. Making a
tumultuous noise.
Rack"ing, n. (Naut.) Spun
yarn used in racking ropes.
Rack"-rent` (?), n. A rent of
the full annual value of the tenement, or near it; an excessive
or unreasonably high rent.
Blackstone.
Rack"-rent`, v. t. To subject to
rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.
Rack"-rent`er (?), n. 1.
One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.
2. One who exacts rack-rent.
<-- p. 1183 -->
Rack"tail` (?), n.
(Horol.) An arm attached to a swinging notched
arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating
clock.
Rack"work` (?), n. Any
mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.
Ra"cle (?), a. See
Rakel. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ra"cle*ness, n. See
Rakelness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Ra`con`teur" (?), n.
[F.] A relater; a storyteller.
\'d8Ra*coon"da (?), n. [From a
native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The coypu.
Ra*co"vi*an (?), n. [From
Racow.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a
sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.
Rac"quet (?), n. See
Racket.
Ra"cy (?), a.
[Compar. Racier (?);
superl. Raciest.] [From
Race a tribe, family.] 1. Having a
strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic
taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.
The racy wine,
Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.
Pope.
2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong
or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and
piquant; fresh and lively.
Our raciest, most idiomatic popular word.
M. Arnold.
Burn's English, though not so racy as his Scotch,
is generally correct.
H. Coleridge.
The rich and racy humor of a natural converser
fresh from the plow.
Prof. Wilson.
Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant.
-- Racy, Spicy. Racy refers
primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are
supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown;
and hence we call a style or production racy when it
\'bdsmacks of the soil,\'b8 or has an uncommon degree of natural
freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language.
Spicy, when applied, has reference to a spirit and
pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It
does not, like racy, suggest native peculiarity. A
spicy article in a magazine; a spicy
retort. Racy in conversation; a racy
remark.
Rich, racy verses, in which we
The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see.
Cowley.
Rad (?), obs. imp. & p.
p. of Read, Rede.
Spenser.
Rad"de (?), obs.
imp. of Read, Rede.
Chaucer.
Rad"dle (?), n. [Cf. G.
r\'84der, r\'84del, sieve, or perhaps E.
reed.] 1. A long, flexible stick,
rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright
posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.
2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called
also raddle hedge.
Todd.
3. An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with
a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep
the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound
upon the beam of the loom.
Rad"dle, v. t. To interweave or twist
together.
Raddling or working it up like basket work.
De Foe.
Rad"dle, n. [Cf. Ruddle.]
A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical
processes; ruddle. \'bdA ruddle of rouge.\'b8
Thackeray.
Rad"dle, v. t. To mark or paint with, or
as with, raddle. \'bdWhitened and raddled old
women.\'b8
Thackeray.
Rad"dock (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The ruddock. [Prov.
Eng.]
Rade (?), n. A raid.
[Scot.]
\'d8Ra`deau" (?), n. [F.]
A float; a raft.
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock,
and behind it the radeau Thunderer.
W. Irving.
Ra"di*al (?), a. [Cf. F.
radial. See Radius.] Of or
pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or
rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial
projections; (Zo\'94l.) radial vessels or
canals; (Anat.) the radial artery.
Radial symmetry. (Biol.) See under
Symmetry.
\'d8Ra`di*a"le (?), n.; pl.
Radialia (#). [NL. See
Radial.] 1. (Anat.) The
bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius
and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Radial
plates in the calyx of a crinoid.
Ra"di*al*ly (?), adv. In a
radial manner.
Ra"di*an (?), n. [From
Radius.] (Math.) An arc of a
circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by
such an arc.
{ Ra"di*ance (?), Ra"di*an*cy
(?), } n. The quality of being
radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; as, the
radiance of the sun.
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned.
Milton.
What radiancy of glory,
What light beyond compare !
Neale.
Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.
Ra"di*ant (?), a. [L.
radians, -antis, p. pr. of
radiare to emit rays or beams, fr. radius
ray: cf. F. radiant. See Radius, Ray
a divergent line.] 1. Emitting or proceeding
as from a center; [U.S.] rays; radiating;
radiate.
2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or
heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting
a vivid light or splendor; as, the radiant
sun.
Mark what radiant state she spreads.
Milton.
3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a
radiant face.
4. (Her.) Giving off rays; -- said of a
bearing; as, the sun radiant; a crown
radiant.
5. (Bot.) Having a raylike appearance,
as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; --
said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.
Radiant energy (Physics), energy
given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light
and radiant heat. -- Radiant heat, proceeding
in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the
manner of light, in distinction from heat conducted or
carried by intervening media. -- Radiant point.
(Astron.) See Radiant, n.,
3.
Ra"di*ant, n. 1. (Opt.)
The luminous point or object from which light emanates;
also, a body radiating light brightly.
2. (Geom.) A straight line proceeding
from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to
revolve.
3. (Astron.) The point in the heavens at
which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced
backward, or whence they appear to radiate.
Ra"di*ant*ly (?), adv. In a
radiant manner; with glittering splendor.
Ra"di*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. F.
radiaire.] (Zo\'94l.) A
radiate. [Obs.]
\'d8Ra`di*a"ta (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See
Radiate.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive
artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged
radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various
organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.
Ra"di*ate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Radiated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Radiating.] [L. radiatus, p.
p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or rays, to
radiate, fr. radius. See Radius, Ray
a divergent line.] 1. To emit rays; to be
radiant; to shine.
Virtues shine more clear
In them [kings], and radiant like the sun at noon.
Howell.
2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or
surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our
eyes.
Locke.
Ra"di*ate, v. t. 1. To emit or
send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to
radiate heat.
2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or
brightness on; to irradiate. [R.]
Ra"di*ate (?), a. [L.
radiatus, p. p.] 1. Having rays or
parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a
radiate crystal.
2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large
ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster,
daisy, etc.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Radiata.
Ra"di*ate, n. (Zo\'94l.) One
of the Radiata.
Ra"di*a`ted (?), a. 1.
Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as,
radiated heat.
2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii;
having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common
center or axis; as, a radiated structure; a
radiated group of crystals.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the
Radiata.
Ra"di*ate*ly (?), adv. In a
radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.
Ra"di-ate-veined` (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the principal veins radiating, or
diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves
as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil
plant.
Ra`di*at"i*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the marginal florets enlarged and
radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the
cornflower,
Gray.
Ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [L.
radiatio: cf. F. radiation.]
1. The act of radiating, or the state of being
radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy
brightness.
2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or
surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the
radiation of heat.
Ra"di*a*tive (?), a. Capable of
radiating; acting by radiation.
Tyndall.
Ra"di*a`tor (?), n. That which
radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially,
that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated
or diffused; as, a stream radiator.
Rad"i*cal (?), a. [F., fr. L.
radicalis having roots, fr. radix,
-icis, a root. See Radix.] 1.
Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the
root.
2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin;
reaching to the center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources
to the principles, or the like: original; fundamental;
thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical
evils; radical reform; a radical
party.
The most determined exertions of that authority, against them,
only showed their radical independence.
Burke.
3. (Bot.) (a) Belonging to, or
proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical
tubers or hairs. (b) Proceeding from a
rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground;
as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the
sidesaddle flower.
4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to
the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a
radical verbal form.
5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix
or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical
sign. See below.
Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.)
See under Axis. -- Radical pitch,
the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable
begins. Rush. -- Radical quantity
(Alg.), a quantity to which the radical sign is
prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power
of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd. --
Radical sign (Math.), the sign r, the initial of
radix, root), placed before any quantity, denoting that
its root is to be extracted; thus, a, or
a + b). To indicate any other than the
square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus
a, indicates the third or cube root of
a. -- Radical stress
(Elocution), force of utterance falling on the
initial part of a syllable or sound. -- Radical
vessels (Anat.), minute vessels which
originate in the substance of the tissues.
Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived;
fundamental; entire. -- Radical,
Entire. These words are frequently employed as
interchangeable in describing some marked alternation in the
condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference
between them. A radical cure, reform, etc., is one
which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is
entire, in the sense that, by affecting the root, it
affects in a appropriate degree the entire body
nourished by the root; but it may not be entire in the
sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in
its extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a
radical improvement; radical differences of
opinion; while an entire change, an entire
improvement, an entire difference of opinion, might
indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be
both radical and entire, in every
sense.
Rad"i*cal (?), n. 1.
(Philol.) (a) A primitive word; a radix,
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon.
(b) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to
the radix.
The words we at present make use of, and understand only by
common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding,
when you trace them to their radicals, where you find
every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning,
character, painting, and poetry.
Cleland.
2. (Politics) One who advocates radical
changes in government or social institutions, especially such
changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed
to conservative.
In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of
their own time. \'bdRoot-and-Branch men,\'b8 or, to use the
kindred phrase of our own, Radicals.
Macaulay.
3. (Chem.) (a) A
characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any
compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic
radicals, while the nonmetallic atoms are acid
radicals.
J. P. Cooke.
(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not
completely saturated, which are so linked that their union
implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as
playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a
compound radical. Cf. Residue.
4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under
Radical, a.
An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated
is not a radical but a rational quantity under a
radical form.
Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )
5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under
Radical, a.
Rad"i*cal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
radicalisme.] The quality or state of being
radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in
politics or social reform.
Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all
falsehoods and abuses.
F. W. Robertson.
Rad`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. 1.
Germinal principle; source; origination.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
2. Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a
root in essential nature or principle.
Rad"i*cal*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root;
fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically
wrong or defective.
2. Without derivation; primitively;
essentially. [R.]
These great orbs thus radically bright.
Prior.
Rad"i*cal*ness, n. Quality or state of
being radical.
Rad"i*cant (?), a. [L.
radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant. See
Radicate, a.] (Bot.)
Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem,
as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.
Rad"i*cate (?), a. [L.
radicatus, p. p. of radicari to take root,
fr. radix. See Radix.]
Radicated.
Rad"i*cate (?), v. i. To take
root; to become rooted.
Evelyn.
Rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Radicated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Radicating.] To cause to take
root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.
Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us
the remembrance of God's goodness.
Barrow.
Rad"i*ca`ted (?), a.
Rooted; specifically: (a) (Bot.)
Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root.
(b) (Zo\'94l.) Having rootlike organs
for attachment.
Rad`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
radication.] 1. The process of
taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the
radication of habits.
2. (Bot.) The disposition of the roots
of a plant.
Rad"i*cel (?), n. [Dim. of
radix.] (Bot.) A small branch of
a root; a rootlet.
Ra*dic`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L.
radix, -icis, root + flos,
floris, a flower.] (Bot.)
Rhizanthous.
Ra*dic"i*form (?), a.
(Bot.) Having the nature or appearance of a radix
or root.
Rad"i*cle (?), n. [L.
radicula, dim. of radix, -icis,
root: cf. F. radicule. See Radix.]
(Bot.) (a) The rudimentary stem of a
plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which
the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the
caulicle. (b) A rootlet; a radicel.
Ra*dic"u*lar (?), a. Of or
performance to roots, or the root of a plant.
Rad"i*cule (?), n. A
radicle.
Ra*dic"u*lose` (?), a.
(Bot.) Producing numerous radicles, or
rootlets.
Ra"di*i (?), n., pl.
of Radius.
Ra"di*o- (?). A combining form indicating
connection with, or relation to, a
radius or ray; specifically (Anat.),
with the radius of the forearm; as,
radio-ulnar, radiomuscular,
radiocarpal.
\'d8Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta (?), n.
pl. [NL. See Radiate, and
Flagellata.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of
Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.
Ra"di*o*graph (?), n.
[Radio- + -graph.]
(Phys.) A picture produced by the R\'94ntgen rays
upon a sensitive surface, photographic or fluorescent, especially
a picture of opaque objects traversed by the rays.<-- also
X-ray photo or X-ray -->
<-- p. 1184 -->
\'d8Ra`di*o*la"ri*a (?), n. pl.
[NL. See Radioli.] (Zo\'94l.)
Order of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or
shell, and sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project
from the body like rays. It includes the polycystines. See
Polycystina.
Ra`di*o*la"ri*an (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Radiolaria. -- n. One of the
Radiolaria.
\'d8Ra*di"o*li (?), n. pl.;
sing. Radiolus (.
[NL., dim. of L. radius radius: cf. L.
radiolus a feeble sunbeam.]
(Zo\'94l.) The barbs of the radii of a feather;
barbules.
Ra"di*o*lite (?), n. [L.
radius ray + -lite: cf. F.
radiolithe.] (Paleon.) A
hippurite.
Ra`di*om"e*ter (?), n. [L.
radius radius + -meter: cf. F.
radiom\'8atre.] 1. (Naut.)
A forestaff.
2. (Physics) An instrument designed for
measuring the mechanical effect of radiant energy.
Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter (?), n.
[Radio- + micrometer.]
(Physics) A very sensitive modification or
application of the thermopile, used for indicating minute changes
of radiant heat, or temperature.
Ra"di*o*phone (?), [Radio- +
Gr. (Physics) An apparatus for
the production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal
rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone.
<-- 2. a telephone using radio waves -->
Ra`di*oph"o*ny (?), n.
(Physics) The art or practice of using the
radiophone.
Ra"di*ous (?), a. [L.
radiosus.] 1. Consisting of rays,
and light. [R.]
Berkeley.
2. Radiating; radiant. [Obs.]
G. Fletcher.
Rad"ish (?), n. [F.
radis; cf. It. radice, Pr.
raditz: all fr. L. radix, -icis,
a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E.
wort. See Wort, and cf. Eradicate,
Race a root, Radix.] (Bot.)
The pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant
(Paphanus sativus); also, the whole plant.
Radish fly (Zo\'94l.), a small
two-winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose larv\'91
burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly. --
Rat-tailed radish (Bot.), an herb
(Raphanus caudatus) having a long, slender pod, which
is sometimes eaten. -- Wild radish
(Bot.), the jointed charlock.
Ra"di*us (?), n.; pl. L.
Radii (#); E. Radiuses
(#). [L., a staff, rod, spoke of a wheel,
radius, ray. See Ray a divergent line.]
1. (Geom.) A right line drawn or
extending from the center of a circle to the periphery; the
semidiameter of a circle or sphere.
2. (Anat.) The preaxial bone of the
forearm, or brachium, corresponding to the tibia of the hind
limb. See Illust. of Artiodactyla.
3. (Bot.) A ray, or outer floret, of the
capitulum of such plants as the sunflower and the daisy. See
Ray, 2.
4. pl. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
The barbs of a perfect. (b) Radiating
organs, or color-markings, of the radiates.
5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular
instrument.
Knight.
Radius bar (Math.), a bar pivoted
at one end, about which it swings, and having its other end
attached to a piece which it causes to move in a circular
arc. -- Radius of curvature. See under
Curvature.
\'d8Ra"di*us vec"tor (?). 1.
(Math.) A straight line (or the length of such
line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or
pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it serves
to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of polar
co\'94rdinates. See Co\'94rdinate, n.
2. (Astron.) An ideal straight line
joining the center of an attracting body with that of a body
describing an orbit around it, as a line joining the sun and a
planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite.
Ra"dix (?), n.; pl.
Radices (#), E. Radixes
(#). [L. radix, -icis,
root. See Radish.] 1.
(Philol.) A primitive, from which spring other
words; a radical; a root; an etymon.
2. (Math.) (a) A number or
quantity which is arbitrarily made the fundamental number of any
system; a base. Thus, 10 is the radix, or base, of
the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal system
of numeration. (b) (Alg.) A
finite expression, from which a series is derived.
[R.]
Hutton.
3. (Bot.) The root of a plant.
\'d8Rad"u*la (?), n.; pl.
Radul\'91 (#). [L., a scraper, fr.
radere to scrape.] (Zo\'94l.)
The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; --
called also lingual ribbon, and
tongue. See Odontophore.
Ra*du"li*form (?), a. [L.
radula a scraper + -form.]
Rasplike; as, raduliform teeth.
Raff (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raffed (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Raffing.]
[OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G.
raffen; akin to E. rap to snatch. See
Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to
tear.] To sweep, snatch, draw, or huddle together; to
take by a promiscuous sweep. [Obs.]
Causes and effects which I thus raff up
together.
Carew.
Raff, n. 1. A promiscuous heap;
a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse. \'bdA
raff of errors.\'b8
Barrow.
2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob;
-- chiefly used in the compound or duplicate,
riffraff.
3. A low fellow; a churl.
Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd
refuse. [Prov. Eng.]
Raf`fa*el*esque" (?), a.
Raphaelesque.
Raf"fi*a (?), n. (Bot.)
A fibrous material used for tying plants, said to come from
the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia.
J. Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants).
Raf"fi*nose` (?), n. [F.
raffiner to refine.] (Chem.) A
colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the
molasses of the sugar beet.
Raff"ish (?), a. Resembling, or
having the character of, raff, or a raff; worthless; low.
A sad, raffish, disreputable character.
Thackeray.
Raf"fle (?), n. [F.
rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr.
rafter to carry or sweep away, rafler tout
to sweep stakes; of German origin; cf. G. raffeln to
snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.]
1. A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay,
in shares, the value of something put up as a stake, and then
determine by chance (as by casting dice) which one of them shall
become the sole possessor.
2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike
won all the stakes. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Raf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Raffled (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Raffling (?).] To
engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a
watch.
Raf"fle, v. t. To dispose of by means of
a raffle; -- often followed by off; as, to
raffle off a horse.
Raf"fler (?), n. One who
raffles.
\'d8Raf*fle"si*a (?), n. [NL.
Named from its discoverer, Sir S. Raffle.]
(Bot.) A genus of stemless, leafless plants,
living parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in
Malaysia. The flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very
large, in one species (Rafflesia Arnoldi) having a
diameter of two or three feet.
Raft (?), obs. imp. & p.
p. of Reave.
Spenser.
Raft, n. [Originally, a rafter, spar,
and fr. Icel. raptr a rafter; akin to Dan.
raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf.
OHG. r\'befo, r\'bevo, a beam, rafter,
Icel. r\'bef roof. Cf. Rafter,
n.] 1. A collection of logs,
boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened, together, either
for their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as
a support in conveying other things; a float.
2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such
as is formed in some Western rivers of the United States), which
obstructs navigation. [U.S.]
3. [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.]
A large collection of people or things taken
indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.] \'bdA whole
raft of folks.\'b8
W. D. Howells.
Raft bridge. (a) A bridge whose
points of support are rafts. (b) A bridge that
consists of floating timbers fastened together. -- Raft
duck. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense
flocks.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also flock
duck. See Scaup. (b) The
redhead. -- Raft port (Naut.), a
large, square port in a vessel's side for loading or unloading
timber or other bulky articles; a timber or lumber
port.
Raft, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rafting.] To transport on a raft, or in
the form of a raft; to make into a raft; as, to raft
timber.
Raf"te (?), obs.
imp. of Reave.
Chaucer.
Raft"er (?), n. A
raftsman.
Raft"er, n. [AS. r\'91fter;
akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.]
(Arch.) Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy
piece of timber. Now, commonly, one of the timbers of a roof
which are put on sloping, according to the inclination of the
roof. See Illust. of Queen-post.
[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds,
With smoky rafters, than in tapestry halls.
Milton.
Raft"er, v. t. 1. To make into
rafters, as timber.
2. To furnish with rafters, as a house.
3. (Agric.) To plow so as to turn the
grass side of each furrow upon an unplowed ridge; to ridge.
[Eng.]
Raft"ing, n. The business of making or
managing rafts.
Rafts"man (?), n.; pl.
Raftsmen (. A man engaged in
rafting.
Raf"ty (?), a. [Perhaps akin to
G. reif hoarfrost.] Damp; musty.
[Prov. Eng.]
Rag (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel.
r\'91gja to calumniate, OHG, ruogen to
accuse, G. r\'81gen to censure, AS.
wr, Goth. wr to
accuse.] To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to
torment; to banter. [Prov. Eng.]
Pegge.
Rag, n. [OE. ragge, probably
of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. r\'94gg rough hair. Cf.
Rug, n.] 1. A piece of
cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a
fragment.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed,
And fluttered into rags.
Milton.
Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover
the shame of their cruelty.
Fuller.
2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire;
worn-out dress.
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm.
Dryden.
3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
The other zealous rag is the compositor.
B. Jonson.
Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and
rag.
Spenser.
4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock,
somewhat cellular in texture.
5. (Metal Working) A ragged edge.
6. A sail, or any piece of canvas.
[Nautical Slang]
Our ship was a clipper with every rag set.
Lowell.
Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank
to retain it in place. -- Rag carpet, a
carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of cloth sewed
together, end to end. -- Rag dust, fine
particles of ground-up rags, used in making papier-mach\'82 and
wall papers. -- Rag wheel. (a) A
chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b) A polishing
wheel made of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel.
-- Rag wool, wool obtained by tearing woolen rags
into fine bits, shoddy.
Rag (?), v. i. [imp.
& p. p. Ragged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ragging (?).] To
become tattered. [Obs.]
Rag, v. t. 1. To break (ore)
into lumps for sorting.
2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.
{ Rag"a*bash` (?), Rag"a*brash`
(?), } n. An idle, ragged
person.
Nares. Grose.
Rag`a*muf"fin (?), n. [Cf.
Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some of the old
mysteries.] 1. A paltry or disreputable
fellow; a mean which.
Dryden.
2. A person who wears ragged clothing.
[Colloq.]
3. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed
titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Rage (?), n. [F., fr. L.
rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr.
rabh to seize, rabhas violence. Cf.
Rabid, Rabies, Rave.]
1. Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme
vehemence of desire, emotion, or suffering, mastering the
will. \'bdIn great rage of pain.\'b8
Bacon.
He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of
broken meat.
Macaulay.
Convulsed with a rage of grief.
Hawthorne.
2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving;
overmastering wrath; violent anger; fury.
torment, and loud lament, and furious rage.
Milton.
3. A violent or raging wind.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
4. The subject of eager desire; that which is
sought after, or prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive
passion; as, to be all the rage.
Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See
Anger.
Rage, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Raged (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Raging (?).] [OF.
ragier. See Rage, n.]
1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to
fury; to be violently agitated with passion. \'bdWhereat he
inly raged.\'b8
Milton.
When one so great begins to rage, he a hunted
Even to falling.
Shak.
2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently
driven or agitated; to act or move furiously; as, the
raging sea or winds.
Why do the heathen rage ?
Ps. ii. 1.
The madding wheels
Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise.
Milton.
3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with
destruction or fatal effect; as, the plague raged in
Cairo.
4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume.
Rage, v. t. To enrage.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Rage"ful (?), a. Full of rage;
expressing rage. [Obs.] \'bdRageful
eyes.\'b8
Sir P. Sidney.
Ra"ger*y (?), n.
Wantonness. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rag"ged (?), a. [From
Rag, n.] 1. Rent or worn
into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a
ragged coat; a ragged sail.
2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven;
rough; jagged; as, ragged rocks.
3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear;
dissonant. [R.] \'bdA ragged noise
of mirth.\'b8
Herbert.
4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a
ragged fellow.
5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.
What shepherd owns those ragged sheep ?
Dryden.
Ragged lady (Bot.), the fennel
flower (Nigella Damascena). -- Ragged
robin (Bot.), a plant of the genus
Lychnis (L. Flos-cuculi), cultivated for
its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into narrow
lobes. -- Ragged sailor (Bot.),
prince's feather (Polygonum orientale). --
Ragged school, a free school for poor children,
where they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first
because they came in their common clothing.
[Eng.]
-- Rag"ged*ly, adv. --
Rag"ged*ness, n.
{ Rag"gie (?), Rag"gy
}, a. Ragged; rough.
[Obs.] \'bdA stony and raggie hill.\'b8
Holland.
\'d8Ragh`u*van"sa (?), n. [Skr.
Raguva.] A celebrated
Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.
Ra"ging (?), a. & n. from
Rage, v. i. --
Ra"*ging*ly, adv.
Ra"gious (?), a. Raging;
furious; rageful. [Obs.] --
Ra"gious*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Rag"lan (?), n. A loose
overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from Lord
Raglan, an English general.
Rag"man (?), n.; pl.
Ragmen (. A man who collects,
or deals in, rags.
Rag"man, n. [See Ragman's
roll.] A document having many names or numerous
seals, as a papal bull. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Rag"man's roll` (?). [For ragman
roll a long list of names, the devil's roll or list; where
ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the
devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr. ragr cowardly
(another form of argr, akin to AS. earg
cowardly, vile, G. arg bad) + menni (in
comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf.
Rigmarole.] The rolls of deeds on parchment
in which the Scottish nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance
to Edward I. of England, A. D. 1296. [Also
written ragman-roll.]
Ra*gout" (?), n. [F.
rago\'96t, fr. rago\'96ter to restore one's
appetite, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to +
gustare to taste, gustus taste. See
Gust relish.] A dish made of pieces of meat,
stewed, and highly seasoned; as, a ragout of
mutton.
Rag"pick`er (?), n. One who
gets a living by picking up rags and refuse things in the
streets.
{ Ra*guled" (?), Rag*guled"
(?), } a. [Cf. F.
raguer to chafe, fret, rub, or E.
rag.] (Her.) Notched in regular
diagonal breaks; -- said of a line, or a bearing having such an
edge.
<-- p. 1185 -->
Rag"weed (?), n. (Bot.)
A common American composite weed (Ambrosia
artemisi\'91folia) with finely divided leaves;
hogweed.
Great ragweed, a coarse American herb
(Ambrosia trifida), with rough three-lobed opposite
leaves.
Rag"work` (?), n.
(Masonry) A kind of rubblework. In the United
States, any rubblework of thin and small stones.
Rag"wort` (?), n. (Bot.)
A name given to several species of the composite genus
Senecio.
Senecio aureus is the golden ragwort of
the United States: S. elegans is the purple ragwort of
South Africa.
\'d8Ra"ia (?), n. [L., a ray.
Cf. Ray the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A
genus of rays which includes the skates. See
Skate.
\'d8Ra"i\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Raia.] (Zo\'94l.) The order of
elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and
rays; -- called also Raj\'91, and
Rajii.
Raid (?), n. [Icel.
rei a riding, raid; akin to E. road.
See Road a way.] 1. A hostile or
predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted men; a
sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.
Marauding chief! his sole delight.
The moonlight raid, the morning fight.
Sir W. Scott.
There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation, and
occasional raids.
H. Spenser.
2. An attack or invasion for the purpose of making
arrests, seizing property, or plundering; as, a raid
of the police upon a gambling house; a raid of
contractors on the public treasury. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Raid, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Raided; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raiding.] To make a raid upon or into;
as, two regiments raided the border
counties.
Raid"er (?), n. One who engages
in a raid. [U.S.]
Rail (?), n. [OE.
reil, re\'f4el, AS. hr\'91gel,
hr\'91gl a garment; akin to OHG. hregil,
OFries. hreil.] An outer cloak or covering;
a neckerchief for women.
Fairholt.
Rail, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.]
To flow forth; to roll out; to course.
[Obs.]
Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth
railing.
Spenser.
Rail, n. [Akin to LG. & Sw.
regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a rail, bar, or
bolt, OHG, rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and
possibly to E. row a line.] 1. A
bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so,
extending from one post or support to another, as in fences,
balustrades, staircases, etc.
2. (Arch.) A horizontal piece in a frame
or paneling. See Illust. of Style.
3. (Railroad) A bar of steel or iron,
forming part of the track on which the wheels roll. It is usually
shaped with reference to vertical strength, and is held in place
by chairs, splices, etc.
4. (Naut.) (a) The stout,
narrow plank that forms the top of the bulwarks.
(b) The light, fencelike structures of wood or
metal at the break of the deck, and elsewhere where such
protection is needed.
Rail fence. See under Fence. --
Rail guard. (a) A device attached to the
front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail
obstructions. (b) A guard rail. See under
Guard. -- Rail joint
(Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent ends
of rails, in distinction from a chair, which is merely
a seat. The two devices are sometimes united. Among several
hundred varieties, the fish joint is standard. See
Fish joint, under Fish. -- Rail
train (Iron & Steel Manuf.), a train of
rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for railroads from
blooms or billets.
Rail, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Railed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Railing.] 1. To inclose with
rails or a railing.
It ought to be fenced in and railed.
Ayliffe.
2. To range in a line. [Obs.]
They were brought to London all railed in ropes,
like a team of horses in a cart.
Bacon.
Rail, n. [F. r\'83le, fr.
r\'83ler to have a rattling in the throat; of German
origin, and akin to E. rattle. See Rattle,
v.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of
numerous species of limicoline birds of the family
Rallid\'91, especially those of the genus
Rallus, and of closely allied genera. They are prized
as game birds.
Rallus
aquaticus) is called also bilcock,
skitty coot, and brook runner. The
best known American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh
hen (Rallus lonqirostris, var. crepitans);
the king, or red-breasted, rail (R. elegans) (called
also fresh-water marshhen); the lesser clapper, or
Virginia, rail (R. Virginianus); and the Carolina, or
sora, rail (Porzana Carolina). See
Sora.
Land rail (Zo\'94l.), the
corncrake.
Rail, v. i. [F. railler; cf.
Sp. rallar to grate, scrape, molest; perhaps fr.
(assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere to
scrape, grate. Cf. Rally to banter,
Rase.] To use insolent and reproachful
language; to utter reproaches; to scoff; followed by
at or against, formerly by
on.
Shak.
And rail at arts he did not understand.
Dryden.
Lesbia forever on me rails.
Swift.
Rail (?), v. t. 1. To
rail at. [Obs.]
Feltham.
2. To move or influence by railing.
[R.]
Rail the seal from off my bond.
Shak.
Rail"er (?), n. One who rails;
one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious
language.
Rail"ing, a. Expressing reproach;
insulting.
Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not
railing accusation against them.
2 Pet. ii. 11.
Rail"ing, n. 1. A barrier made
of a rail or of rails.
2. Rails in general; also, material for making
rails.
Rail"ing*ly, adv. With scoffing or
insulting language.
Rail"er*y (?; 277), n. [F.
raillerie, fr. railler. See Rail
to scoff.] Pleasantry or slight satire; banter;
jesting language; satirical merriment.
Let raillery be without malice or heat.
B. Jonson.
Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is
sufficient to turn them into raillery.
Addison.
\'d8Rail`leur" (?), n.
[F.] A banterer; a jester; a mocker.
[R.]
Wycherley.
{ Rail"road` (?), Rail"way`
(?), } n. 1. A road or
way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel
rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of
vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.
2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands,
buildings, rolling stock, franchises, etc., pertaining to them
and constituting one property; as, certain railroad
has been put into the hands of a receiver.
Railway is the commoner word in England;
railroad the commoner word in the United
States.
railroad and railway are used
interchangeably: --
Atmospheric railway, Elevated
railway, etc. See under Atmospheric,
Elevated, etc. -- Cable railway. See
Cable road, under Cable. -- Perry
railway, a submerged track on which an elevated
platform runs, fro carrying a train of cars across a water
course. -- Gravity railway, a railway, in a
hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down gentle
slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep
inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines. --
Railway brake, a brake used in stopping railway
cars or locomotives. -- Railway car, a large,
heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a
railway. [U.S.] -- Railway carriage,
a railway passenger car. [Eng.] --
Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track
which forms part of the line of a railway, for weighing loaded
cars. -- Railway slide. See Transfer
table, under Transfer. -- Railway
spine (Med.), an abnormal condition due to
severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs in railroad
accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other disturbances
of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back,
impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the
symptoms often not developing till some months after the
injury. -- Underground railroad railway. (a) A railroad or railway
running through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city.
(b) Formerly, a system of co\'94peration among
certain active antislavery people in the United States, by which
fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach Canada.
[In the latter sense railroad, and not
railway, was used.] \'bdTheir house was a
principal entrep\'93t of the underground
railroad.\'b8 W. D. Howells.
Rail"road`ing, n. The construction of a
railroad; the business of managing or operating a railroad.
[Colloq. U. S.]
Rai"ment (?), n. [Abbrev. fr.
arraiment. See Array.] 1.
Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular
in form, with a collective sense.
Living, both food and raiment she supplies.
Dryden.
2. An article of dress. [R. or
Obs.]
Sir P. Sidney.
Rain (?), n. & v. Reign.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Rain (?), n. [OF.
rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries.
rein, D. & G. regen, OS. & OHG.
regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth.
rign, and prob. to L. rigare to water, to
wet; cf. Gr. Water falling in
drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in
drops.
Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into
very small parts ascending in the air, till, encountering the
cold, it be condensed into clouds, and descends in drops.
Ray.
Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain.
Milton.
Rain is distinguished from
mist by the size of the drops, which are distinctly
visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, it is
called mist; and fog is composed of
particles so fine as to be not only individually
indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended in the air. See
Fog, and Mist.
Rain band (Meteorol.), a dark band
in the yellow portion of the solar spectrum near the sodium line,
caused by the presence of watery vapor in the atmosphere, and
hence sometimes used in weather predictions. -- Rain
bird (Zo\'94l.), the yaffle, or green
woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] The name is also applied to
various other birds, as to Saurothera vetula of the
West Indies. -- Rain fowl (Zo\'94l.),
the channel-bill cuckoo (Scythrops
Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) of Australia. -- Rain
gauge, an instrument of various forms measuring the
quantity of rain that falls at any given place in a given time; a
pluviometer; an ombrometer. -- Rain goose
(Zo\'94l.), the red-throated diver, or loon.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Rain prints
(Geol.), markings on the surfaces of stratified
rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on
mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced. --
Rain quail. (Zo\'94l.) See
Quail, n., 1. -- Rain water,
water that has fallen from the clouds in rain.
Rain, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rained (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Raining.] [AS. regnian, akin
to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan. See
Rain, n.] 1. To fall in
drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with it
for a nominative; as, it rains.
The rain it raineth every day.
Shak.
2. To fall or drop like water from the clouds;
as, tears rained from their eyes.
Rain (?), v. t. 1. To
pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.
Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain
bread from heaven for you.
Ex. xvi. 4.
2. To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner;
as, to rain favors upon a person.
Rain"bow` (?), n. [AS.
regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen. See
Rain, and Bow anything bent,] A bow
or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the several colors of
the spectrum, and formed in the part of the hemisphere opposite
to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the sun's rays in
drops of falling rain.
primary
rainbow, which is formed by two refractions and one
reflection, there is also another often seen exterior to it,
called the secondary rainbow, concentric with the
first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by
two refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the
primary bow, and has its colors arranged in the reverse order
from those of the latter.
Lunar rainbow, a fainter arch or rainbow,
formed by the moon. -- Marine rainbow, Sea bow, a similar bow seen in the spray of
waves at sea. -- Rainbow trout
(Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored trout
(Salmoirideus), native of the mountains of California,
but now extensively introduced into the Eastern States. Japan,
and other countries; -- called also brook
trout, mountain trout, and
golden trout. -- Rainbow
wrasse. (Zo\'94l.) See under
Wrasse. -- Supernumerary rainbow, a
smaller bow, usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen
within the primary or without the secondary rainbow, and in
contact with them.
Rain"bowed` (?), a. Formed with
or like a rainbow.
Rain"deer` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Reindeer.
[Obs.]
Rain"drop` (?), n. A drop of
rain.
Rain"fall` (?), n. A fall or
descent of rain; the water, or amount of water, that falls in
rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a
region.
Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of
Sinchul and Singaleleh.
Hooker.
Rain"i*ness (?), n. The state
of being rainy.
Rain"less, a. Destitute of rain; as,
a rainless region.
Rain"-tight` (?), a. So tight
as to exclude rain as, a rain-tight roof.
Rain"y (?), a. [AS.
regenig.] Abounding with rain; wet;
showery; as, rainy day or season.
Raip (?), n. [Cf. Icel.
reip rope. Cf. Rope.] A rope;
also, a measure equal to a rod. [Scot.]
Rais (?), n. Same as 2d
Reis.
Rais"a*ble (?), a. Capable of
being raised.
Raise (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raised (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Raising.]
[OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of
r\'c6sa to rise. See Rise, and cf.
Rear to raise.]
1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a
higher place; to lift upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to
raise a stone or weight. Hence, figuratively:
--
(a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to
elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or
estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance;
as, to raise from a low estate; to raise to
office; to raise the price, and the like.
This gentleman came to be raised to great
titles.
Clarendon.
The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence
in the piece.
Sir W. Temple.
(b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence
of; to excite; to intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as,
to raise the pulse; to raise the voice; to
raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the
heat of a furnace.
(c) To elevate in degree according to some scale;
as, to raise the pitch of the voice; to
raise the temperature of a room.
2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position
or posture; to set up; to make upright; as, to raise
a mast or flagstaff. Hence: --
(a) To cause to spring up from recumbent position,
from a state of quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse.
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their
sleep.
Job xiv. 12.
(b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to
tumult, struggle, or war; to excite.
He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind.
Ps. cvii. 25.
\'92neas . . . employs his pains,
In parts remote, to raise the Tuscan swains.
Dryden.
(c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up,
as a spirit from the world of spirits; to recall from death; to
give life to.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God
should raise the dead ?
Acts xxvi. 8.
3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being
or to appear; to give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect,
or the like. Hence, specifically: --
(a) To form by the accumulation of materials or
constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to raise
a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of stones.
I will raise forts against thee.
Isa. xxxix. 3.
(b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get
together or obtain for use or service; as, to raise
money, troops, and the like. \'bdTo raise
up a rent.\'b8
Chaucer.
(c) To cause to grow; to procure to be produced,
bred, or propagated; to grow; as, to raise corn,
barley, hops, etc.; toraise cattle. \'bdHe
raised sheep.\'b8 \'bdHe raised wheat
where none grew before.\'b8
Johnson's Dict.
<-- p. 1186 -->
raise in also commonly applied to the
rearing or bringing up of children.
I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the
mountains of the North.
Paulding.
(d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to
arise, come forth, or appear; -- often with up.
I will raise them up a prophet from among their
brethren, like unto thee.
Deut. xviii. 18.
God vouchsafes to raise another world
From him [Noah], and all his anger to forget.
Milton.
(e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to
start; to originate; as, to raise a smile or a
blush.
Thou shalt not raise a false report.
Ex. xxiii. 1.
(f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to
strike up.
Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry.
Dryden.
(g) To bring to notice; to submit for
consideration; as, to raise a point of order; to
raise an objection.
4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to
make light and spongy, as bread.
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste.
Spectator.
5. (Naut.) (a) To cause (the
land or any other object) to seem higher by drawing nearer to it;
as, to raise Sandy Hook light.
(b) To let go; as in the command,
Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let go tacks and
sheets.
6. (Law) To create or constitute;
as, to raise a use that is, to create it.
Burrill.
To raise a blockade (Mil.), to
remove or break up a blockade, either by withdrawing the ships or
forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving them away or
dispersing them. -- To raise a check,
note, bill of exchange, etc., to
increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing the writing,
figures, or printing in which the sum payable is
specified.<-- or money order --> -- To raise a
siege, to relinquish an attempt to take a place by
besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished. --
To raise steam, to produce steam of a required
pressure. -- To raise the wind, to procure
ready money by some temporary expedient.
[Colloq.] -- To raise Cain, To raise the devil, to cause a great
disturbance; to make great trouble.
[Slang]
Syn. -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause;
produce; grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.
Raised (?), a. 1.
Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as,
raised or embossed metal work.
2. Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of
bread, cake, etc., as distinguished from that made with cream of
tartar, soda, etc. See Raise, v. t.,
4.
Raised beach. See under Beach,
n.
Rais"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, raises (in various senses of the verb).
Rai"sin (?), n. [F.
raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus cluster of
grapes or berries; cf. Gr. Raceme.] 1. A grape, or a bunch of
grapes. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial
heat.
Raisin tree (Bot.), the common red
currant, whose fruit resembles the small raisins of Corinth
called currants. [Eng.]
Dp. Prior.
Rais"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting,
producing, or restoring to life.
2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting
up the frame of a building; as, to help at a
raising. [U.S.]<-- e.g., barn
raising -->
3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of
forming it into cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering,
stamping, or spinning.
Raising bee, a bee for raising the frame of a
building. See Bee, n., 2. [U.S.]
W. Irving. -- Raising hammer, a
hammer with a rounded face, used in raising sheet metal. --
Raising plate (Carp.), the plate, or
longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and
rests.
\'d8Rai`son`n\'82" (?), a. [F.
raisonn\'82. p. p. of raisonner to
reason.] Arranged systematically, or according to
classes or subjects; as, a catalogue
raisonn\'82. See under Catalogue.
Rai"vel (?), n. (Weaving)
A separator. [Scot.]
\'d8Raj (?), n. [See
Rajah.] Reign; rule.
[India]
\'d8Ra"ja (?), n. Same as
Rajah.
Ra"jah (?), n. [Hind.
r\'bej\'be, Skr. r\'bejan, akin to L.
rex, regis. See Regal,
a.] A native prince or king; also, a
landholder or person of importance in the agricultural
districts. [India]
Ra"jah*ship, n. The office or dignity of
a rajah.
{ \'d8Raj`poot", \'d8Raj`put" }
(?), n. [Hind.
r\'bej-p, Skr. r\'beja-putra king's
son.] A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military,
caste; a Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of
Rajpootana, in northern central India.
Rake (?), n. [AS.
race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek,
OHG, rehho, G. rechen, Icel,
reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to heap
up, collect, and perhaps to Gr. rack to stretch. Cf. Reckon.]
1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having
teeth, and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for
collecting hay, or other light things which are spread over a
large surface, or for breaking and smoothing the earth.
2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for
collecting hay or grain; a horserake.
3. [Perhaps a different word.]
(Mining) A fissure or mineral vein traversing the
strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also
rake-vein.
Gill rakes. (Anat.) See under 1st
Gill.
Rake, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Raked; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raking.] [AS. racian. See
1st Rake.] 1. To collect with a
rake; as, to rake hay; -- often with
up; as, he raked up the fallen
leaves.
2. Hence: To collect or draw together with
laborious industry; to gather from a wide space; to scrape
together; as, to rake together wealth; to
rake together slanderous tales; to rake
together the rabble of a town.
3. To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a
rake for the purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or
for stirring up the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to
rake a flower bed.
4. To search through; to scour; to ransack.
The statesman rakes the town to find a plot.
Swift.
5. To scrape or scratch across; to pass over
quickly and lightly, as a rake does.
Like clouds that rake the mountain summits.
Wordsworth.
6. (Mil.) To enfilade; to fire in a
direction with the length of; in naval engagements, to cannonade,
as a ship, on the stern or head so that the balls range the whole
length of the deck.
To rake up. (a) To collect together,
as the fire (live coals), and cover with ashes. (b)
To bring up; to search out an bring to notice again; as,
to rake up old scandals.
Rake (?), v. i. 1. To
use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to
search minutely.
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated
words.
Dryden.
2. To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape
along.
Pas could not stay, but over him did rake.
Sir P. Sidney.
Rake, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. raka
to reach, and E. reach.] To inclination of
anything from a perpendicular direction; as, the
rake of a roof, a staircase, etc.; especially
(Naut., the inclination of a mast or
tunnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular
to the keel.
Rake, v. i. To incline from a
perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes
aft.
Raking course (Bricklaying), a
course of bricks laid diagonally between the face courses in a
thick wall, to strengthen.
Rake, n. [OE. rakel rash; cf.
Icel. reikall wandering, unsettled, reika
to wander.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person
addicted to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a
rou\'82.
Am illiterate and frivolous old rake.
Macaulay.
Rake, v. i. 1. [Icel.
reika. Cf. Rake a debauchee.] To
walk about; to gad or ramble idly. [Prov.
Eng.]
2. [See Rake a debauchee.] To
act the rake; to lead a dissolute, debauched life.
Shenstone.
To rake out (Falconry), to fly too
far and wide from its master while hovering above waiting till
the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.
Encyc. Brit.
Rake"hell` (?), n. [See
Rakel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow; a
debauchee; a rake.
It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and
a rakehell do not go together.
Barrow.
{ Rake"hell`, Rake"hell`y, }
a. Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish.
[Obs.]
Spenser. B. Jonson.
Ra"kel (?), a. [OE. See
Rake a debauchee.] Hasty; reckless;
rash. [Obs.] Chaucer. --
Ra"kel*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rak"er (?), n. [See 1st
Rake.] 1. One who, or that which,
rakes; as: (a) A person who uses a
rake. (b) A machine for raking grain or hay
by horse or other power. (c) A gun so placed
as to rake an enemy's ship.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Gill
rakers, under 1st Gill.
Rak"er*y (?), n. Debauchery;
lewdness.
The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town.
R. North.
Rake"shame` (?), n. [Cf.
Rakehell, Ragabash.] A vile,
dissolute wretch. [Obs.]
Milton.
Rake"stale` (?), n.
[Rake the instrument + stale a
handle.] The handle of a rake.
That tale is not worth a rakestele.
Chaucer.
Rake"-vein` (?), n. See
Rake, a mineral vein.
Rak"ing (?), n. 1. The
act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a
rake.
2. A space gone over with a rake; also, the work
done, or the quantity of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going
once over a space with a rake.
Rak"ish, a. Dissolute; lewd;
debauched.
The arduous task of converting a rakish lover.
Macaulay.
Rak"ish, a. (Naut.) Having a
saucy appearance indicative of speed and dash.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Rak"ish*ly, adv. In a rakish
manner.
Rak"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of
being rakish.
\'d8Ra"ku ware` (?). A kind of earthenware
made in Japan, resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler
color.
\'d8R\'83le (?), n. [F.
r\'83le. Cf. Rail the bird.]
(Med.) An adventitious sound, usually of morbid
origin, accompanying the normal respiratory sounds. See
Rhonchus.
\'d8Ral"len*tan"do (?), a.
[It.] (Mus.) Slackening; -- a
direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time
and force; ritardando.
Ral"li*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF.
raliance. See Rally to reunite.]
The act of rallying.
Rail"li*er (?), n. One who
rallies.
Ral"line (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the rails.
Ral"ly (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rallied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rallying.] [OF. ralier, F.
rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad +
ligare to bind. See Ra-, and 1st
Ally.] To collect, and reduce to order, as
troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to
reunite.
Ral"ly, v. i. 1. To come into
orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops
scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.
The Grecians rally, and their powers unite.
Dryden.
Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to
rally together, and to form themselves into this new
world.
Tillotson.
2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to
regain health or consciousness; to recuperate.
3. To recover strength after a decline in prices;
-- said of the market, stocks, etc.
Ral"ly, n.; pl. Rallies
(. 1. The act or process of
rallying (in any of the senses of that word).
2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq.
U. S.]
Ral"ly, v. t. [F. railler.
See Rail to scoff.] To attack with raillery,
either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or
satire.
Honeycomb . . . raillies me upon a country
life.
Addison.
Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain.
Which gay Corinna rallied with disdain.
Gay.
Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.
Ral"ly (?), v. i. To use
pleasantry, or satirical merriment.
Ral"ly, n. Good-humored raillery.
Ralph (?), n. A name sometimes
given to the raven.
Ral"ston*ite (?), n. [So named
after J. G. Ralston of Norristown, Penn.]
(Min.) A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring
with the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals.
Ram (?), n. [AS.
ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D.
ram, Prov. G. ramm, and perh. to Icel.
ramr strong.] 1. The male of the
sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a ram is
called a tup.
2. (Astron.) (a) Aries, the
sign of the zodiac which the sun enters about the 21st of
March. (b) The constellation Aries, which
does not now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same
name.
3. An engine of war used for butting or
battering. Specifically: (a) In ancient
warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and used
for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram.
(b) A heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow
of a steam war vessel for piercing or cutting down the vessel of
an enemy; also, a vessel carrying such a beak.
4. A hydraulic ram. See under
Hydraulic.
5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile
driver, steam hammer, stamp mill, or the like.
6. The plunger of a hydraulic press.
Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A
low semicircular work situated in and commanding a ditch.
[Written also ramshorn.]
Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An
ammonite.
Ram, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramming.] 1. To butt or strike
against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or drive
with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as,
to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles,
cartridges, etc.
[They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks,
socks, foul stockings, greasy napkins.
Shak.
2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving.
A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and
rammed to make the foundation solid.
Arbuthnot.
\'d8Ram`a*dan" (?), n. [Ar.
ramad\'ben, or ramaz\'ben, properly, the
hot month.] [Written also Ramadhan,
Ramadzan, and Rhamadan.]
1. The ninth Mohammedan month.
2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept
during daylight through the ninth month.
Ram"age (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L.
ramus a branch.] 1. Boughs or
branches. [Obs.]
Crabb.
2. Warbling of birds in trees.
[Obs.]
Drummond.
Ra*mage" (?), a. Wild;
untamed. [Obs.]
Ra*ma"gi*ous (?), a. Wild; not
tame. [Obs.]
Now is he tame that was so ramagious.
Remedy of Love.
Ra"mal (?), a. [L.
ramus branch.] Of or pertaining to a ramus,
or branch; rameal.
\'d8Ra*ma"ya*na (?), n. [Skr.
R\'bem\'beyana.] The more ancient of the
two great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama
and his wife Sita.
Ram"berge (?), n. [F., fr.
rame oar + barge barge.]
Formerly, a kind of large war galley.
Ram"ble (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rambled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rambling
(?).] [For rammle, fr. Prov.
E. rame to roam. Cf. Roam.] 1.
To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any
determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to
rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to
ramble over the world.
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect
darkness, what is his liberty better than if driven up and down
as a bubble by the wind?
Locke.
2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless
way.
3. To extend or grow at random.
Thomson.
Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll.
Ram"ble, n. 1. A going or
moving from place to place without any determinate business or
object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.
Coming home, after a short Christians ramble.
Swift.
2. [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal
Mining) A bed of shale over the seam.
Raymond.
<-- 3. A section of woods suitable for liesurely walking.
muskrat ramble -- a dance -->
Ram"bler (?), n. One who
rambles; a rover; a wanderer.
Ram"bling (?), a. Roving;
wandering; discursive; as, a rambling fellow, talk,
or building.
Ram"bling*ly, adv. In a rambling
manner.
Ram"booze (?), n. A beverage
made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc.
[Obs.]
Blount.
Ram*bu"tan (?), n. [Malay
ramb, fr. rambut hair of the
head.] (Bot.) A Malayan fruit produced by
the tree Nephelium lappaceum, and closely related to
the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, covered with
coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant acid
pulp. Called also ramboostan.
Ra"me*al (?), a. Same as
Ramal.
Gray.
Ra"me*an (?), n. A
Ramist.
Shipley.
Ramed (?), a. Having the
frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said of a ship on the
stocks.
Ram"ee (?), n. (Bot.)
See Ramie.
Ram"e*kin (?), n. See
Ramequin. [Obs.]
Ram"ent (?), n. [L.
ramenta, pl.] 1. A scraping; a
shaving. [Obs.]
\'d8Ra*men"ta (?), n. pl. [L.,
scrapings.] (Bot.) Thin brownish chaffy
scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially
upon the petioles and leaves of ferns.
Gray.
<-- p. 1187 -->
Ram`en*ta"ceous (?), a
(Bot.) Covered with ramenta.
Ra"me*ous (?), a [L.
rameus, from ramus branch, bough.]
(Bot.) Ramal.
Ram"e*quin (?), n. [F.]
(Cookery) A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., formed
in a mold, or served on bread. [Written also
ramekin.]
Ram"ie (?), n. [From
Malay.] (Bot.) The grasscloth plant
(B); also, its fiber, which is very
fine and exceedingly strong; -- called also China
grass, and rhea. See
Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.
Ram`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. ramification. See Ramify.]
1. The process of branching, or the development or
offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.
2. A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a
main stock or channel; as, the ramifications of an
artery, vein, or nerve.
3. A division into principal and subordinate
classes, heads, or departments; also, one of the subordinate
parts; as, the ramifications a subject or
scheme.
4. The production of branchlike figures.
Crabb.
Ram`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L.
ramus branch + flos, floris,
flower.] (Bot.) Flowering on the
branches.
Ram"i*form, a. [L. ramus
branch + -form.] (Bot.) Having
the form of a branch.
Ram"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ramified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ramifying
(?).] [F. ramifier, LL.
ramificare, fr. L. ramus a branch +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.]
To divide into branches or subdivisions; as, to
ramify an art, subject, scheme.
Ram"i*fy, v. i. 1. To shoot, or
divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of a
plant.
When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to
ramify.
Arbuthnot.
2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main
subject.
Ra*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L.
ramus a branch + -gerous.]
(Bot.) Bearing branches; branched.
Ra*mip"a*rous (?), a. [L.
ramus + parere to bear.] (Bot.)
Producing branches; ramigerous.
Ra"mist (?), n. A follower of
Pierre Ram\'82, better known as Ramus, a
celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and
philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the
Aristotelians.
Ram"line (?), n. A line used to
get a straight middle line, as on a spar, or from stem to stern
in building a vessel.
Ram"mel (?), n. Refuse
matter. [Obs.]
Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken
stones.
Holland.
Ram"mer (?), n. One who, or
that which, rams or drives. Specifically: (a)
An instrument for driving anything force; as, a
rammer for driving stones or piles, or for beating the
earth to more solidity. (b) A rod for
forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod. (c)
(Founding) An implement for pounding the sand of
a mold to render it compact.
Ram"mish (?), a. Like a ram;
hence, rank; lascivious. \'bdTheir savor is so
rammish.\'b8
Chaucer.
Ram"mish*ness, n. The quality of being
rammish.
Ram"my (?), a. Like a ram;
rammish.
Burton.
Ram`ol*les"cence (?), n. [F.
ramollir to make soft, to soften; pref. re-
re- + amollir to soften; a (L.
ad) + mollir to soften, L.
mollire, fr. mollis soft.] A
softening or mollifying. [R.]
Ra*moon" (?), n. (Bot.)
A small West Indian tree (Trophis Americana) of
the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder
for cattle.
Ra*mose" (?), a. [L.
ramosus, from ramus a branch.]
Branched, as the stem or root of a plant; having lateral
divisions; consisting of, or having, branches; full of branches;
ramifying; branching; branchy.
Ra"mous (?), a. Ramose.
Ramp (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ramped (?;
215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramping.] [F. ramper to
creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. raffen
to snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See Rap to snatch,
and cf. Romp.]
1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to
prance; to become rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.
2. To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move
swiftly or with violence.
Their bridles they would champ,
And trampling the fine element would fiercely
ramp.
Spenser.
3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.
With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . .
and so ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great
height.
Ray.
Ramp, n. 1. A leap; a spring; a
hostile advance.
The bold Ascalonite
Fled from his lion ramp.
Milton.
2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov.
Eng.]
3. A romping woman; a prostitute.
[Obs.]
Lyly.
4. [F. rampe.] (Arch.)
(a) Any sloping member, other than a purely
constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a
staircase. (b) A short bend, slope, or curve,
where a hand rail or cap changes its direction.
5. [F. rampe.] (Fort.)
An inclined plane serving as a communication between
different interior levels.
Ram*pa"cious (?), a.
High-spirited; rampageous. [Slang]
Dickens.
Ramp"age (?), n. [See
Ramp, v.] Violent or riotous
behavior; a state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; as,
to be on the rampage. [Prov. or
Low.]
Dickens.
Ramp"age, v. i. To leap or prance about,
as an animal; to be violent; to rage. [Prov. or
Low]
Ram*pa"geous (?), a.
Characterized by violence and passion; unruly;
rampant. [Prov. or Low]
In the primitive ages of a rampageous
antiquity.
Galt.
Ram*pal"lian (?), n. [Cf.
ramp a prostitute, or rabble.] A
mean wretch. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ramp"an*cy (?), n. The quality
or state of being rampant; excessive action or development;
exuberance; extravagance. \'bdThey are come to this height
and rampancy of vice.\'b8
South.
Ramp"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of
ramper to creep. See Ramp,
v.] 1. Ramping; leaping; springing;
rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; furious.
The fierce lion in his kind
Which goeth rampant after his prey.
Gower.
[The] lion . . . rampant shakes his brinded
mane.
Milton.
2. Ascending; climbing; rank in growth;
exuberant.
The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude.
I. Taylor.
3. (Her.) Rising with fore paws in the
air as if attacking; -- said of a beast of prey, especially a
lion. The right fore leg and right hind leg should be raised
higher than the left.
Rampant arch. (a) An arch which has
one abutment higher than the other. (b) Same as
Rampant vault, below. -- Rampant
gardant (Her.), rampant, but with the face
turned to the front. -- Rampant regardant,
rampant, but looking backward. -- Rampant
vault (Arch.), a continuous wagon vault, or
cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined
planed plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming
the ceiling of a stairway.
Ramp"ant*ly, adv. In a rampant
manner.
Ram"part (?), n. [F.
rempart, OF. rempar, fr.
remparer to fortify, se remparer to fence
or intrench one's self; re- re- pref. + pref.
en- (L. in) + parer to defend,
parry, prepare, L. parare to prepape. See
Pare.]
1. That which fortifies and defends from assault;
that which secures safety; a defense or bulwark.
2. (Fort.) A broad embankment of earth
round a place, upon which the parapet is raised. It forms the
substratum of every permanent fortification.
Mahan.
Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard. --
Rampart, Bulwark. These words were formerly
interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has sprung up
between them. The rampart of a fortified place is the
enceinte or main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term
bulwark is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks
which project for the defense of the rampart, or main
work. A single bastion is a bulwark. In using these
words figuratively, rampart is properly applied to
that which protects by walling out; bulwark to that
which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it.
Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the
bulwark, not the rampart, of the state.
This distinction, however, is often disregarded.
Ram"part, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ramparted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramparting.] To surround or protect
with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.
Those grassy hills, those glittering dells,
Proudly ramparted with rocks.
Coleridge.
Rampart gun (Fort.), a cannon or
large gun for use on a rampart and not as a fieldpiece.
Rampe (?), n. [In allusion to
its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See Ramp.]
(Bot.) The cuckoopint.
Ram"pier (?), n. See
Rampart. [Obs.]
Ram"pi*on (?), n. [Cf. F.
raiponce, Sp. ruiponce,
reponche, L. raperonzo, NL.
rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a
turnip, rape. Cf. Rape a plant.] (Bot.)
A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower
family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called
ramps.
Phyteuma, herds of the Bellflower family, and to the
American evening primrose (Enothera biennis), which
has run wild in some parts of Europe.
Ram"pire (?), n. A
rampart. [Archaic]
The Trojans round the place a rampire cast.
Dryden.
Ram"pire, v. t. To fortify with a
rampire; to form into a rampire. [Archaic]
Chapman. \'bdRampired walls of gold.\'b8
R. Browning.
Ram"pler (?), n. A
rambler.
Ram"pler, a. Roving; rambling.
[Scot.]
Ram"rod` (?), n. The rod used
in ramming home the charge in a muzzle-loading firearm.
Ram"shac*kle (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Loose; disjointed; falling to pieces; out
of repair.
There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his
ramshackle coach.
Thackeray.
Ram"shac*kle, v. t. To search or
ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.]
Ram"son (?), n. [AS.
hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw.
rams, ramsl\'94k; cf. Gr.
(Bot.) A broad-leaved species of garlic
(Allium ursinum), common in European gardens; --
called also buckram.
Ram"sted (?), n. (Bot.)
A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr. Ramsted who
introduced it into Pennsylvania. See Toad flax. Called
also Ramsted weed.
Ram"u*lose` (?), a. [L.
ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of
ramus a branch.] (Nat. Hist.)
Having many small branches, or ramuli.
Ram"u*lous (?), a. (Nat.
Hist.) Ramulose.
\'d8Ram"u*lus (?), n.; pl.
Ramuli (. (Zo\'94l.)
A small branch, or branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and
similar organisms.
\'d8Ra"mus (?), n.; pl.
Rami (. (Nat. Hist.)
A branch; a projecting part or prominent process; a
ramification.
Ra*mus"cule (?), n. [L.
ramusculus.] (Nat. Hist.) A
small ramus, or branch.
Ran (?), imp. of
Run.
Ran, n. [As. r\'ben.]
Open robbery. [Obs.]
Lambarde.
Ran, n. (Naut.) Yarns coiled
on a spun-yarn winch.
\'d8Ra"na (?), n. [L., a
frog.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of anurous
batrachians, including the common frogs.
Ra"nal (?), a. (Bot.)
Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous plants.
Ranal alliance (Bot.), a name
proposed by Lindley for a group of natural orders, including
Ranunculace\'91, Magnoliace\'91, Papaverace\'91, and others
related to them.
Rance (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] 1. A prop or shore.
[Scot.]
2. A round between the legs of a chair.<-- =
spreader -->
Ran*ces"cent (?), a. [L.
rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v. incho.
from rancere to be rancid.] Becoming rancid
or sour.
Ranch (?), v. t. [Written
also raunch.] [Cf.
Wrench.] To wrench; to tear; to sprain; to
injure by violent straining or contortion.
[R.] Dryden. \'bdHasting to
raunch the arrow out.\'b8
Spenser.
Ranch, n. [See Rancho.]
A tract of land used for grazing and rearing of horses,
cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U.
S.]
\'d8Ran*che"ro (?), n.; pl.
Rancheros (#). [Sp.]
[Mexico & Western U. S.] 1. A
herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.
2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or
rancho.
Ranch"man (?), n.; pl.
Ranchmen (#) An owner or occupant of, or
laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman. [Western U.
S.]
\'d8Ran"cho (?), n.; pl.
Ranchos (#). [Sp., properly, a
mess, mess room. Cf. 2d Ranch.] 1. A
rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where
herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.
2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are
raised; -- distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated
farm or plantation. [Mexico & California]
Bartlett.
Ran"cid (?), a. [L.
rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or
rank.] Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical
change or decomposition; musty; as, rancid oil or
butter.
Ran*cid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
rancidit\'82.] The quality or state of
being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil.
Ure.
Ran"cid*ly (?), adv. In a
rancid manner.
Ran"cid*ness, n. The quality of being
rancid.
Ran"cor (?), n. [Written also
rancour.] [OE. rancour, OF.
rancor, rancur, F. rancune, fr.
L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an old
grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or
rancid.] The deepest malignity or spite; deep-seated
enmity or malice; inveterate hatred. \'bdTo stint
rancour and dissencioun.\'b8
Chaucer.
It would not be easy to conceive the passion,
rancor, and malice of their tongues and hearts.
Burke.
Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge;
animosity; malignity. -- Rancor,
Enmity. Enmity and rancor both
describe hostile feelings; but enmity may be generous
and open, while rancor implies personal malice of the
worst and most enduring nature, and is the strongest word in our
language to express hostile feelings.
Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face
I see thy fury.
Shak.
Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon
the possessor.
Cogan.
Ran"cor*ous (?), a. [OF.
rancuros.] Full of rancor; evincing, or
caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or
malicious; intensely virulent.
So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire.
Spenser.
Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv. In a rancorous
manner.
Rand (?), n. [AS.
rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G.
rand, Icel. r\'94nd, and probably to E.
rind.]
1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the
flank or leg; a sort of steak.
Beau. & Fl.
3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling
slip of leather applied to the sole before attaching the
heel.
Rand, v. i. [See Rant.]
To rant; to storm. [Obs.]
I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed.
J. Webster.
Ran"dall grass` (?). (Bot.) The
meadow fescue (Festuca elatior). See under
Grass.
Ran"dan (?), n. The product of
a second sifting of meal; the finest part of the bran.
[Prov. Eng.]
Ran"dan, n. A boat propelled by three
rowers with four oars, the middle rower pulling two.
Rand"ing (?), n. 1.
(Shoemaking) The act or process of making and
applying rands for shoes.
2. (Mil.) A kind of basket work used in
gabions.
Ran"dom (?), n. [OE.
randon, OF. randon force, violence,
rapidity, a randon, de randon, violently,
suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German origin; cf. G. rand
edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield, akin
to E. rand, n. See Rand,
n.] 1. Force; violence.
[Obs.]
For courageously the two kings newly fought with great
random and force.
E. Hall.
2. A roving motion; course without definite
direction; want of direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; --
commonly used in the phrase at random, that is,
without a settled point of direction; at hazard.
Counsels, when they fly
At random, sometimes hit most happily.
Herrick.
O, many a shaft, at random sent,
Finds mark the archer little meant !
Sir W. Scott.
3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range;
reach; as, the random of a rifle ball.
Sir K. Digby.
4. (Mining) The direction of a
rake-vein.
Raymond.
Ran"dom, a. Going at random or by
chance; done or made at hazard, or without settled direction,
aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous calculation; left to
chance; haphazard; as, a random guess.
Some random truths he can impart.
Wordsworth.
So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the
random.
H. Spencer.
Random courses (Masonry), courses
of unequal thickness. -- Random shot, a shot
not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a shot
with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- Random
work (Masonry), stonework consisting of
stones of unequal sizes fitted together, but not in courses nor
always with flat beds.
<-- p. 1188 -->
Ran"dom*ly (?), adv. In a
random manner.
Ran"don (?), n. Random.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ran"don, v. i. To go or stray at
random. [Obs.]
Rane"deer` (?), n. See
Reindeer. [Obs.]
\'d8Ra"nee (?), n. Same as
Rani.
Ran"force` (?), n. [Cf. F.
renforcer.] See
Re. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Rang (?), imp. of
Ring, v. t. & i.
Range (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ranged (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Ranging
(?).] [OE. rengen, OF.
rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc
row, rank, F. rang; of German origin. See
Rane, n.] 1. To set in a
row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines, or in
ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; as, to
range soldiers in line.
Maccabeus ranged his army by hands.
2 Macc. xii. 20.
2. To place (as a single individual) among others
in a line, row, or order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually,
reflexively and figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause,
to join a party, etc.
It would be absurd in me to range myself on the
side of the Duke of Bedford and the corresponding society.
Burke.
3. To separate into parts; to sift.
[Obs.]
Holland.
4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic
order; to arrange regularly; as, to range plants and
animals in genera and species.
5. To rove over or through; as, to
range the fields.
Teach him to range the ditch, and force the
brake.
Gay.
6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or
near; as, to range the coast.
ranger une c\'93te.
7. (Biol.) To be native to, or to live
in; to frequent.
Range, v. i. 1. To rove at
large; to wander without restraint or direction; to roam.
Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he
sees.
Burton.
2. To have range; to change or differ within
limits; to be capable of projecting, or to admit of being
projected, especially as to horizontal distance; as, the
temperature ranged through seventy degrees Fahrenheit;
the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged
four miles.
3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of
arrangement or classification; to rank.
And range with humble livers in content.
Shak.
4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in
direction; to be or keep in a corresponding line; to trend or
run; -- often followed by with; as, the front of a
house ranges with the street; to range along
the coast.
Which way the forests range.
Dryden.
5. (Biol.) To be native to, or live in,
a certain district or region; as, the peba ranges
from Texas to Paraguay.
Syn. -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll.
Range, n. [From Range,
v.: cf. F. rang\'82e.] 1.
A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a
range of buildings; a range of
mountains.
2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or
degree; an order; a class.
The next range of beings above him are the
immaterial intelligences.
Sir M. Hale.
3. The step of a ladder; a rung.
Clarendon.
4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.]
He was bid at his first coming to take off the
range, and let down the cinders.
L'Estrange.
5. Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set
in brickwork, and affording conveniences for various ways
6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]
7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an
excursion; a ramble; an expedition.
He may take a range all the world over.
South.
8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for
excursion; especially, a region of country in which cattle or
sheep may wander and pasture.
9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive;
compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; as,
the range of one's voice, or authority.
Far as creation's ample range extends.
Pope.
The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled
the whole circle of the arts.
Bp. Fell.
A man has not enough range of thought.
Addison.
10. (Biol.) The region within which a
plant or animal naturally lives.
11. (Gun.) (a) The horizontal
distance to which a shot or other projectile is carried.
(b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of a
shot or projectile. (c) A place where
shooting, as with cannons or rifles, is practiced.
12. In the public land system of the United States,
a row or line of townships lying between two succession meridian
lines six miles apart.
range 7, W.,
from the fifth principal meridian.
13. (Naut.) See Range of
cable, below.
Range of accommodation (Optics),
the distance between the near point and the far point of
distinct vision, -- usually measured and designated by the
strength of the lens which if added to the refracting media of
the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as if
they came from the far point. -- Range finder
(Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus, variously
constructed, for ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible
object, -- used to determine what elevation must be given to a
gun in order to hit the object; a position finder. --
Range of cable (Naut.), a certain
length of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to
letting go the anchor. -- Range work
(Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in
courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of
the wall; -- distinguished from broken range work,
which consists of squared stones laid in courses not continuously
of even height. -- To get the range of (an
object) (Gun.), to find the angle at which the
piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying
beyond.
Range"ment (?), n. [Cf. F.
rangement.] Arrangement.
[Obs.]
Waterland.
Ran"ger (?), n. 1. One
who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a
roving robber.
2. That which separates or arranges; specifically,
a sieve. [Obs.] \'bdThe tamis
ranger.\'b8
Holland.
3. A dog that beats the ground in search of
game.
4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed
with short muskets, who range over the country, and often fight
on foot.
5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly,
a sworn officer of a forest, appointed by the king's letters
patent, whose business was to walk through the forest, recover
beasts that had strayed beyond its limits, watch the deer,
present trespasses to the next court held for the forest,
etc. [Eng.]<-- similar function for U.S.
national parksand antional monuments. -->
Ran"ger*ship, n. The office of the
keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.]
Ran"gle (?), v. i. To range
about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.]
Halliwell.
\'d8Ra"ni (?), n. [Hind.
r\'ben\'c6, Skr. r\'bejn\'c6. See
Rajah.] A queen or princess; the wife of a
rajah. [Written also ranee.]
[India]
Ra"nine (?), a. [L.
rana a frog.] 1. (Zo\'94l.)
Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or
designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, pertaining to the
region where the swelling occurs; -- applied especially to
branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.
Rank (?), a.
[Compar. Ranker (?);
superl. Rankest.] [AS.
ranc strong, proud; cf. D. rank slender,
Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank
slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems
to have been influenced by L. rancidus, E.
rancid.] 1. Luxuriant in growth;
of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height;
as, rank grass; rank weeds.
And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk,
rank and good.
Gen. xli. 5.
2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme;
gross; utter; as, rank heresy.
\'bdRank nonsense.\'b8 Hare. \'bdI do forgive
thy rankest fault.\'b8 Shak.
3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly;
very rich and fertile; as, rank land.
Mortimer.
4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a
rank smell; rank-smelling rue.
Spenser.
5. Strong to the taste. \'bdDivers sea fowls
taste rank of the fish on which they feed.\'b8
Boyle.
6. Inflamed with venereal appetite.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Rank modus (Law), an excessive and
unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3. -- To
set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank,
to set so as to take off a thick shaving.
Moxon.
Rank, adv. Rankly; stoutly;
violently. [Obs.]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell.
Fairfax.
Rank, n. [OE. renk,
reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr.
OHG. hring a circle, a circular row, G.
ring. See Ring, and cf. Range,
n. & v.] 1. A row or
line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of
osiers.
Many a mountain nigh
Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still.
Byron.
2. (Mil.) A line of soldiers ranged side
by side; -- opposed to file. See 1st File, 1
(a).
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds,
In ranks and squadrons and right form of war.
Shak.
3. Grade of official standing, as in the army,
navy, or nobility; as, the rank of general; the
rank of admiral.
4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a
permanent social class; an order; a division; as,
ranks and orders of men; the highest and the lowest
ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings.
5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence;
position in civil or social life; station; degree; grade; as,
a writer of the first rank; a lawyer of high
rank.
These all are virtues of a meaner rank.
Addison.
6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high
social position; distinction; eminence; as, a man of
rank.
Rank and file. (a) (Mil.)
The whole body of common soldiers, including also corporals.
In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, excepting
the noncommissioned staff.<-- analogously, the lowest
ranking members of any organization --> (b) See
under 1st File. -- The ranks, the
order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a
noncommissioned officer to the ranks. --
To fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or
a competent number. -- To take rank of, to
have precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher
place than.<-- pull rank, to insist on one's
own prerogative or plan of action, by right of a higher rank than
that of one suggesting a different plan -->
Rank, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ranking,] 1. To place abreast,
or in a line.
2. To range in a particular class, order, or
division; to class; also, to dispose methodically; to place in
suitable classes or order; to classify.
Ranking all things under general and special
heads.
I. Watts.
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.
Broome.
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft.
Dr. H. More.
3. To take rank of; to outrank.
[U.S.]
Rank, v. i. 1. To be ranged; to
be set or disposed, an in a particular degree, class, order, or
division.
Let that one article rank with the rest.
Shak.
2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation
in the orders of civil or military life; to have a certain degree
of esteem or consideration; as, he ranks with the
first class of poets; he ranks high in public
estimation.
Rank"er (?), n. One who ranks,
or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.
Ran"kle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rankled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rankling
(?).] [From Rank,
a.] 1. To become, or be, rank; to
grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally
and figuratively.
A malady that burns and rankles inward.
Rowe.
This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts
of the people.
Burke.
2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to
cause a sore; -- used literally and figuratively; as, a
splinter rankles in the flesh; the words
rankled in his bosom.
Ran"kle (?), v. t. To cause to
fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
Rank"ly (?), adv. With rank or
vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, coarsely; grossly; as,
weeds grow rankly.
Rank"ness, n. [AS. rancness
pride.] The condition or quality of being rank.
Ran"nel (?), n. A
prostitute. [Obs.]
Ran"ny (?), n. [L. araneus
mus, a kind of small mouse.] (Zo\'94l.)
The erd shrew. [Scot.]
Ran"sack (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ransacked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ransacking.] [OE. ransaken,
Icel, rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a
house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS.
r\'91sn plank, beam) + the root of s\'91kja
to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf.
Rest repose.] 1. To search
thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to
ransack a house.
To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts.
South.
2. To plunder; to pillage completely.
Their vow is made
To ransack Troy.
Shak.
3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour.
[Obs.]
Rich spoil of ransacked chastity.
Spenser.
Ran"sack, v. i. To make a thorough
search.
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead.
Chaucer.
Ran"sack, n. The act of ransacking, or
state of being ransacked; pillage. [R.]
Even your father's house
Shall not be free fromransack.
J. Webster.
Ran"som (?), n. [OE.
raunson, raunsoun, OF.
ran, raen,
raan, F. ran, fr. L.
redemptio, fr. redimere to redeem. See
Redeem, and cf. Redemption.] 1.
The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured
property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as,
prisoners hopeless of ransom.
Dryden.
2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a
prisoner, or for goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom
from restraint, penalty, or forfeit.
Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems.
Milton.
His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he
paid for his liberty.
Sir J. Davies/.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A sum paid for the
pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the offender;
also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.
Blackstone.
Ransom bill (Law), a war contract,
valid by the law of nations, for the ransom of property captured
at sea and its safe conduct into port.
Kent.
Ran"som, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ransomed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ransoming.] [Cf. F.
ran. See Ransom,
n.] 1. To redeem from captivity,
servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy out
of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to
ransom prisoners from an enemy.
2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on.
[R.]
Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so
grievously, and would tax the men two or three times in a
year.
Berners.
Ran"som*a*ble (?), a. Such as
can be ransomed.
Ran"som*er (?), n. One who
ransoms or redeems.
Ran"som*less, a. Incapable of being
ransomed; without ransom.
Shak.
Rant (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Ranted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Ranting.] [OD.
ranten, randen, to dote, to be
enraged.] To rave in violent, high-sounding, or
extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to be noisy,
boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a
ranting preacher.
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes!
Shak.
Rant, n. High-sounding language, without
importance or dignity of thought; boisterous, empty declamation;
bombast; as, the rant of fanatics.
This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in
the nature of man or reason of things.
Atterbury.
Rant"er (?), n. 1. A
noisy talker; a raving declaimer.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a
religious sect which sprung up in 1645; -- called also
Seekers. See Seeker.
(b) One of the Primitive Methodists, who seceded
from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of their deficiency in
fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.
Rant"er*ism (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) The practice or tenets of the Ranters.
Rant"ing*ly, adv. In a ranting
manner.
Rant"i*pole (?), n.
[Ranty + pole, poll,
head.] A wild, romping young person.
[Low]
Marrya
Rant"i*pole, a. Wild; roving;
rakish. [Low]
Rant"i*pole, v. i. To act like a
rantipole. [Low]
She used to rantipole about the house.
Arbuthnot.
Rant"ism (?), n. (Eccl.
Hist.) Ranterism.
Rant"y (?), a. Wild; noisy;
boisterous.
\'d8Ran"u*la (?), n. [L., a
little frog, a little swelling on the tongue of cattle, dim. of
rana a frog.] (Med.) A cyst
formed under the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the
submaxillary gland.
Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous (?), a. [See
Ranunculus.] (Bot.) Of or
pertaining to a natural order of plants
(Ranunculace\'91), of which the buttercup is the type,
and which includes also the virgin's bower, the monkshood,
larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.
Ra*nun`cu*lus (?), n.; pl. E.
Ranunculuses (#), L. Ranunculi
(#). [L., a little frog, a medicinal plant,
perhaps crowfoot, dim. of rana a frog; cf.
raccare to roar.] (Bot.) A genus
of herbs, mostly with yellow flowers, including crowfoot,
buttercups, and the cultivated ranunculi (R.
Asiaticus, R. aconitifolius, etc.) in which the
flowers are double and of various colors.
<-- p. 1189 -->
\'d8Ranz" des` vaches" (?). [F., the ranks
or rows of cows, the name being given from the fact that the
cattle, when answering the musical call of their keeper, move
towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing bells.]
The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies
of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the
Alpine horn, and sometimes sung.
Rap (?), n. [Etymol.
uncertain.] A lay or skein containing 120 yards of
yarn.
Knight.
Rap, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rapping.] [Akin to Sw. rappa
to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps
of imitative origin.] To strike with a quick, sharp
blow; to knock; as, to rap on the door.
Rap, v. t. 1. To strike with a
quick blow; to knock on.
With one great peal they rap the door.
Prior.
2. (Founding) To free (a pattern) in a
mold by light blows on the pattern, so as to facilitate its
removal.
Rap, n. A quick, smart blow; a
knock.
Rap, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rapped (?), usually written
Rapt; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rapping.] [OE. rapen; akin
to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G. raffen, Sw.
rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste,
and Icel. hrapa to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has
been confused with L. rapere to seize. Cf.
Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff,
v., Ramp, v.] 1.
To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt
The whirring chariot.
Chapman.
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund
Bacon, to Redgrove.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. To hasten. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts;
to transport out of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or
rapture; as, rapt into admiration.
I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears.
Addison.
Rapt into future times, the bard begun.
Pope.
4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. &
Law]
To rap and ren, To rap and
rend. [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to
hurry and r\'91na plunder, fr. r\'ben
plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to
snatch by violence. Dryden. \'bd[Ye] waste all that ye
may rape and renne.\'b8
Chaucer.
All they could rap and rend pilfer.
Hudibras.
-- To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as
an oath.
A judge who rapped out a great oath.
Addison.
<-- 5. To engage in a discussion, converse; (b) (ca. 1985) to
perform a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying
rhythm instruments. -->
Rap, n. [Perhaps contr. fr.
raparee.] A popular name for any of the
tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the
early part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling
value.
Many counterfeits passed about under the name of
raps.
Swift.
Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch
a rap,
save with her consent.
Mrs. Alexander.
<-- 5. conversation, also rapping; (b) (ca. 1985) a type of
rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; rap
music. -->
Not to care a rap, to care nothing. --
Not worth a rap, worth nothing.
\'d8Ra*pa"ces (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Rapacious.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Accipitres.
Rapa"cious (?), a. [L.
rapax, -acis, from rapere to
seize and carry off, to snatch away. See Rapid.]
1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to
seize by violence; seizing by force. \'bd The downfall of
the rapacious and licentious Knights Templar.\'b8
Motley.
2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or
animals seized by violence,; as, a tiger is a
rapacious animal; a rapacious bird.
3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also,
greedy; ravenous; voracious; as, rapacious usurers;
a rapacious appetite.
[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious
claim
Milton.
Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious.
-- Ra*pa"cious*ly, adv. --
Ra*pa"cious*ness, n.
Ra*pac"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rapacitas: cf. F. rapacite. See
Rapacious.] 1. The quality of being
rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; as, the
rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of
wolves.
2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by
oppressive injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain.
\'bdThe rapacity of some ages.\'b8
Sprat.
Rap`a*ree" (?), n. See
Rapparee.
Rape (r, n. [F.
r\'83pe a grape stalk.] 1. Fruit,
as grapes, plucked from the cluster.
Ray.
2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins
from which the must has been expressed in wine making.
3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in
clarifying and perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.
Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the
last dregs of pressed grapes.
Rape, n. [Akin to rap to
snatch, but confused with L. rapere. See Rap
to snatch.] 1. The act of seizing and
carrying away by force; violent seizure; robbery.<-- [Rare]
-->
And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain.
Sandys.
2. (Law) Sexual connection with a woman
without her consent. See Age of consent, under
Consent, n.
<-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on a person, whether male
or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual assault, and
sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual
intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of
consent, whether male or female, is statutory rape.
-->
3. That which is snatched away.
[Obs.]
Where now are all my hopes? O, never more.
Shall they revive! nor death her rapes restore.
Sandys.
4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry.
[Obs.]
<-- 5. (Fig., Colloq.) An action causing results harmful to a
person or thing; as, the rape of the land by mining
companies. -->
Rape, v. t. To commit rape upon; to
ravish.
<-- 2. (Fig., Colloq.) To perform an action causing results
harmful or very unpleasant to a person or thing; as, women
raped first by their assailant, and then by the Justice
system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. -->
To rape and ren. See under Rap,
v. t., to snatch.
Rape, v. i. To rob; to pillage.
[Obs.]
Heywood.
Rape, n. [Icel. hreppr
village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to catch, obtain,
AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.]
One of six divisions of the county of Sussex, England,
intermediate between a hundred and a shire.
Rape, n. [L. rapa,
rapum, akin to Gr. r\'81be.] (Bot.) A name given to
a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown
for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of
rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage
birds.
Brassica campestris of Europe, which by some is not
considered distinct from the wild stock (B. oleracea)
of the cabbage. See Cole.
Broom rape. (Bot.) See Broom
rape, in the Vocabulary. -- Rape cake,
the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from
the seed. -- Rape root. Same as
Rape. -- Summer rape. (Bot.)
See Colza.
Rape"ful (?), a. 1.
Violent. [Obs.]
2. Given to the commission of rape.
Byron.
Rap"ful*ly (?), adv.
Violently. [Obs.]
Raph`a*el*esque" (?), a. Like
Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of painting.
Raph"a*el*ism (?), n. The
principles of painting introduced by Raphael, the Italian
painter.
Raph"a*el*ite (?), n. One who
advocates or adopts the principles of Raphaelism.
Raph"a*ny (?), n. [Cf. F.
raphanie.] (Med.) A convulsive
disease, attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden
and Germany. It was so called because supposed to be caused by
eating corn with which seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus
raphanistrum) had been mixed, but the condition is now
known to be a form of ergotism.
Ra"phe (r, n.
[NL., fr. Gr. 1. (Anat.) A line,
ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the median line;
as, the raphe of the tongue.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Rhaph.
\'d8Raph"i*des (?), n. pl. [F.
raphide.] (Bot.) See
Rhaphides.
Rap"id (?), a. [L.
rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off,
to snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. rapide. Cf. Harpy, Ravish.]
1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast;
as, a rapid stream; a rapid flight; a
rapid motion.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels.
Milton.
2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in
progression; in quick sequence; as, rapid growth;
rapid improvement; rapid recurrence;
rapid succession.
3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid
penman.
Rap"id, n. [Cf. F. rapide.
See Rapid, a.] The part of a river
where the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual
waterfall or cascade; -- usually in the plural; as, the
Lachine rapids in the St. Lawrence.<--
sometimes called whitewater -->
Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast,
The rapids are near, and the daylight's past.
Moore.
Ra*pid"i*ty (?), n. [L.
rapiditas: cf. F. rapidit\'82.]
The quality or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity;
velocity; as, the rapidity of growth or
improvement.
Syn. -- -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity;
swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.
Rap"id*ly (?), adv. In a rapid
manner.
Rap"id*ness, n. Quality of being rapid;
rapidity.
Ra"pi*er (?), n. [F.
rapi\'8are, perhaps for raspi\'8are, and
ultimately of German origin, akin to E. rasp,
v.] A straight sword, with a narrow and finely pointed
blade, used only for thrusting.
Rapier fish (Zo\'94l.), the
swordfish. [Obs.]
Grew.
Ra"pi*ered (?), a. Wearing a
rapier. \'bdScarletcoated, rapiered figures.\'b8
Lowell.
\'d8Ra*pil"li (?), n. pl.
[It.] (Min.) Lapilli.
Rap"ine (?), n. [F.
rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L.
rapina, fr. rapere to seize and carry off
by force. See Rapid, and cf. Raven
rapine.] 1. The act of plundering; the
seizing and carrying away of things by force; spoliation;
pillage; plunder.
Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of
rapine as by the desire of glory.
Macaulay.
2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rap"ine, v. t. To plunder.
Sir G. Buck.
Rap"i*nous (?), a. Given to
rapine. [Obs.]
Rap"page (?), n.
(Founding) The enlargement of a molt caused by
rapping the pattern.
Rap`pa*ree" (?), n. A wild
Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th century; -- so called from
his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary.
[Written also raparee.]
Rapped (r, imp. & p. p.
of Rap, to strike.
Rapped, imp. & p. p. of Rap, to
snatch away.
Rap*pee" (?), n. [F.
r\'83p\'82, fr. r\'83per to grate, to rasp.
See Rasp, v.] A pungent kind of
snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of tobacco
leaves.
Rap"pel (?), n. [F. Cf.
Repeal.] (Mil.) The beat of the
drum to call soldiers to arms.
Rap"per (?), n. [From
Rap.] 1. One who, or that which,
raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door.
Sterne.
2. A forcible oath or lie.
[Slang]
Bp. Parker.
<-- 3. A musician specializing in rap music. -->
Rap*port" (?), n. [F., fr.
rapporter to bring again or back, to refer; pref.
re- re- + apporter to bring, L.
apporter to bring, L. apportare. Cf.
Report.] Relation; proportion; conformity;
correspondence; accord.
'T is obvious what rapport there is between the
conceptions and languages in every country.
Sir W. Temple.
\'d8En` rap`port" ( [F.],
in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a mutual, especially a
private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that relation of
sympathy which permits influence or communication.
Rap*scal"lion (?), n. [See
Rascallion.] A rascal; a good-for-nothing
fellow. [Colloq.]
Howitt.
Rapt (?), imp. & p. p. of
Rap, to snatch away.
Rapt, a. 1. Snatched away;
hurried away or along.
Waters rapt with whirling away.
Spenser.
2. Transported with love, admiration, delight,
etc.; enraptured. \'bdThe rapt musician.\'b8
Longfellow.
3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or
meditation. \'bdRapt in secret studies.\'b8
Shak.
Rapt, n. [From F. rapt
abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to
seize and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a.
See Rapt, a., and Rapid.]
1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.]
Bp. Morton.
2. Rapidity. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Rapt, v. i. 1. To transport or
ravish. [Obs.]
Drayton.
2. To carry away by force.
[Obs.]
Daniel.
Rap"ter (?), n. A raptor.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Rap"tor (?), n. [L.
raptor, from rapere to ravish. See
Rapid.] A ravisher; a plunderer.
[Obs.]
\'d8Rap*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL.
See Raptor.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Accipitres. Called also
Raptatores.
Rap*to"ri*al (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Rapacious; living upon
prey; -- said especially of certain birds. (b)
Adapted for seizing prey; -- said of the legs, claws, etc.,
of insects, birds, and other animals. (c) Of
or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust.
(f) of Aves.
Rap*to"ri*ous (?), a. [L.
raptorius.] (Zo\'94l.)
Raptorial.
Rap"ture (?), n. [L.
rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. See
Rapid.] 1. A seizing by violence; a
hurrying along; rapidity with violence. [Obs.]
That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash
With headlong rapture.
Chapman.
2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried
away from one's self by agreeable excitement; violence of a
pleasing passion; extreme joy or pleasure; ecstasy.
Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer
great conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise
into rapture.
Addison.
You grow correct that once with rapture writ.
Pope.
3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Syn. -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight;
exultation.
Rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Raptured (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rapturing.] To transport with
excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic]
Thomson.
Rap"tur*ist, n. An enthusiast.
[Obs.]
J. Spencer.
Rap"tur*ize (?), v. i. & i. To
put, or be put, in a state of rapture. [R.]
Rap"tur*ous (?), a. Ecstatic;
transporting; ravishing; feeling, expressing, or manifesting
rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or delight;
rapturous applause.
Rap"tur*ous*ly, adv. In a rapturous
manner.
Rare (?), a. [Cf.
Rather, Rath.] Early.
[Obs.]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late
Work in the market place.
Chapman.
Rare, a. [Compar.
Rarer; superl. Rarest.]
[Cf. AS. hr, or E. rare
early.] Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly
cooked; underdone; as, rare beef or
mutton.
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care
Turned by a gentle fire, and roasted rare.
Dryden.
underdone is preferred.
Rare, a. [Compar.
Rarer (?); superl.
Rarest.] [F., fr. L. rarus
thin, rare.] 1. Not frequent; seldom met with
or occurring; unusual; as, a rare event.
2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent;
valuable to a degree seldom found.
Rare work, all filled with terror and
delight.
Cowley.
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare.
Dryden.
3. Thinly scattered; dispersed.
Those rare and solitary, three in flocks.
Milton.
4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of
loose texture; not thick or dense; thin; as, a rare
atmosphere at high elevations.
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen
times rarer, than gold.
Sir I. Newton.
Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular;
extraordinary; incomparable. -- Rare,
Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few
examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with;
as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as
scarce, which, though usually abundant, is for the
time being to be had only in diminished quantities; as, a bad
harvest makes corn scarce.
A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the
rarest things in the world.
Burke.
When any particular piece of money grew very
scarce, it was often recoined by a succeeding
emperor.
Addison.
Rare"bit (?), n. A dainty
morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit, under
Rabbit.
Rar"ee-show` (?), n. [Contr.
fr. rarity-show.] A show carried about in a
box; a peep show.
Pope.
Rar`e*fac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
rar\'82faction. See Rarefy.] The
act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; --
opposed to condensation; as, the
rarefaction of air.
Rar"e*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
rar\'82fiable.] Capable of being
rarefied.
Boyle.
Rar"e*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rarefied
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rarefying
(?).] [F. rar\'82fier; L.
rarus rare + -ficare (in comp.) to make;
cf. L. rarefacere. See -fy.] To
make rare, thin, porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge
without adding any new portion of matter to; -- opposed to
condense.
Rar"e*fy, v. i. To become less dense; to
become thin and porous. \'bdEarth rarefies to
dew.\'b8
Dryden.
Rare"ly (?), adv. 1.
In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as,
things rarely seen.
2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d
Rare, 2.
The person who played so rarely on the
flageolet.
Sir W. Scott.
The rest of the spartments are rarely gilded.
Evelyn.
Rare"ness, n. The state or quality of
being rare.
And let the rareness the small gift commend.
Dryden.
Rare"ripe` (?), a.
[Rare early + ripe. Cf.
Rathripe.] Early ripe; ripe before others, or
before the usual season.
Rare"ripe`, n. An early ripening fruit,
especially a kind of freestone peach.
Rar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. See
Rarefaction. [R.]
Am. Chem. Journal.
Rar"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Rarities (#). [L.
raritas: cf. F. raret\'82. See
Rare.] 1. The quality or state of
being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the rarity
(contrasted with the density) of gases.
<-- p. 1190 -->
2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing
valued for its scarcity.
I saw three rarities of different kinds, which
pleased me more than any other shows in the place.
Addison.
Ras (?), n. See 2d
Reis.
\'d8Ra`sante" (?), a. [F., p.
pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.)
Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in
which the command of the works over each other, and over the
country, is kept very low, in order that the shot may more
effectually sweep or graze the ground before them.
H. L. Scott.
Ras"cal (?), n. [OE.
rascaille rabble, probably from an OF.
racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish,
probably akin to F. racler to scrape, (assumed) LL.
rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L.
radere, rasum. See Rase,
v.]
1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person
or creature; collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a
lean, ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer.
[Obs.]
He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the
rascal.
Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).
Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as
huge as the rascal.
Shak.
2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a
rogue; a scoundrel; a trickster.
For I have sense to serve my turn in store,
And he's a rascal who pretends to more.
Dryden.
Ras`cal, a. Of or pertaining to the
common herd or common people; low; mean; base. \'bdThe
rascal many.\'b8 Spencer. \'bdThe
rascal people.\'b8 Shak.
While she called me rascal fiddler.
Shak.
Ras"cal*dom (?), n. State of
being a rascal; rascality; domain of rascals; rascals,
collectively.
Emerson.
Ras"cal*ess, n. A female rascal.
[Humorous]
Ras*cal`i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Rascalities (
1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a
rascal; mean trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.
2. The poorer and lower classes of
people.[Obs.]
The chief heads of their clans with their several
rascalities
T. Jackson.
Ras*cal"lion (?), n. [From
Rascal] A low, mean wretch [Written
also rascalion.]<-- now rapscalion -->
Ras"cal*ly (?), a. Like a
rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; worthless; -- often in
humorous disparagement, without implication of dishonesty.
Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep.
Swift.
Rase (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rased (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rasing.] [F.
raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq.
fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, shave; cf.
Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to
gnaw. Cf. Raze, Razee, Razor,
Rodent.] 1. To rub along the surface
of; to graze.[Obsoles.]
Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not
the bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his
head?
South.
Sometimes his feet rased the surface of water, and
at others the skylight almost flattened his nose.
Beckford.
2. To rub or scratch out; to erase.
[Obsoles.]
Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and
branch, out of our mind.
Fuller.
3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to
destroy; to raze. [In this sense rase is
generally used.]
Till Troy were by their brave hands rased,
They would not turn home.
Chapman.
rase, may be considered as
nearly obsolete; graze, erase, and
raze, having superseded it.
Rasing iron, a tool for removing old oakum and
pitch from the seams of a vessel.
Syn. -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel;
level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish;
ruin.
Rase, v. i. To be leveled with the
ground; to fall; to suffer overthrow. [Obs.]
Rase, n. 1. A scratching out,
or erasure. [Obs.]
2. A slight wound; a scratch.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A way of measuring in
which the commodity measured was made even with the top of the
measuring vessel by rasing, or striking off, all that was above
it.
Burrill.
Rash (?), v. t. [For
arace] 1. To pull off or pluck
violently. [Obs.]
2. To slash; to hack; to slice.
[Obs.]
Rushing of helms and riving plates asunder.
Spenser.
Rash, n. [OF. rashe an
eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed) LL.
rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere,
rasum, to scrape, scratch, shave. See Rase,
and cf. Rascal.] (Med.) A fine
eruption or efflorescence on the body, with little or no
elevation.
Canker rash. See in the Vocabulary. --
Nettle rash. See Urticaria. --
Rose rash. See Roseola. --
Tooth rash. See Red-gum.
Rash, n. [Cf. F. ras
short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf.
Rase); or cf. It. rascia serge, G.
rasch, probably fr. Arras in France (cf.
Arras).] An inferior kind of silk, or mixture
of silk and worsted. [Obs.]
Donne.
Rash, a. [Compar.
Rasher (?); superl.
Rashest.] [Probably of Scand. origin;
cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel.
r\'94skr vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G.
rasch quick, of uncertain origin.] 1.
Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.]
\'bdStrong as aconitum or rash gunpowder.\'b8
Shak.
2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent.
[Obs.]
I scarce have leisure to salute you,
My matter is so rash.
Shak.
3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action;
precipitate; resolving or entering on a project or measure
without due deliberation and caution; opposed to
prudent; said of persons; as, a rash
statesman or commander.
4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too
little reflection; as, rash words; rash
measures.
5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling,
as corn. [Prov. Eng.]
Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty;
indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless;
inconsiderate; unwary. -- Rash,
Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is
adventurous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of
the arduous and the bold. A man is rash who does it
from the mere impulse of his feelings, without counting the cost.
A man is foolhardy who throws himself into danger in
disregard or defiance of the consequences.
Was never known a more adventurous knight.
Dryden.
Her rush hand in evil hour
Forth reaching to the fruit, she plucked, she eat.
Milton.
If any yet to be foolhardy
To expose themselves to vain jeopardy;
If they come wounded off, and lame,
No honors got by such a maim.
Hudibras.
Rash (?), v. t. To prepare with
haste. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Rash"er (?), n. [In sense 1,
probably fr. rash, a., as being hastily cooked.]
1. A thin slice of bacon.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A California rockfish
(Sebastichthys miniatus).
Rash"ful (?), a. Rash; hasty;
precipitate. [Obs.]
Rash"ling (?), n. A rash
person. [Obs.]
Rash"ly, adv. In a rush manner; with
precipitation.
He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly;
for he was free to deliberate or not.
L'Estrange.
Rash"ness, n. The quality of state of
being rash.
We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming
or denying, before we have sufficiently informed ourselves.
South.
Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy;
precipitation; hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness;
inconsideration; carelessness. See Temerity.
\'d8Ras*kol"nik (?), n. [Russ.
rascolenik' schismatic, heretic.]
(Eccl.) One of the separatists or dissenters from
the established or Greek church in Russia. [Written
also rascolnik.]
\'d8Ra*so`res (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. radere, rasum,
to scratch. See Rase, v. t.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of birds; the
Gallin\'91.
Rasores was used in a
wider sense, so as to include other birds now widely separated in
classification.
Ra*so"ri*al (?; 277), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Rasores, or
gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and
the like.
Ra"sour (?), n. Rasor.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rasp (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rasped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Rasping.]
[OF. rasper, F. r\'83per, to scrape,
grate, rasp, fr. OHG. rasp to scrape together,
to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap
to snatch.]
1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with
a rough file; as, to rasp wood to make it smooth; to
rasp bones to powder.
2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to
offend by coarse or rough treatment or language; as, some
sounds rasp the ear; his insults rasped my
temper.
Rasp, n. [OE. raspe, OF.
raspe, F. r\'83pe. See Rasp,
v.]
1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences
are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp
punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true
file.
2. The raspberry. [Obs.] \'bdSet
sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will be
smaller.\'b8
Bacon.
Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm
tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has strong a\'89rial
roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough surface,
and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the
common name.
\'d8Ras`pa*to"ri*um (?), n.
[LL.] See Raspatory.
Rasp"a*to*ry (?), n. [LL.
raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See
Rasp, v.] A surgeon's rasp.
Wiseman.
Rasp"ber*ry (?; 277), n, [From
E. rasp, in allusion to the apparent roughness of the
fruit.] (Bot.) (a) The
thimble-shaped fruit of the Rubus Id\'91us and other
similar brambles; as, the black, the red and the white
raspberry. (b) The shrub
bearing this fruit.
Rasp"er (?), n. One who, or
which, rasps; a scraper.
Ras"pis (?), n. The
raspberry. [Obs.]
Langham.
Rasp"y (?), a. Like a rasp, or
the sound made by a rasp; grating.
R. D. Blackmore.
Rasse (?), n. [Cf. Malay
r\'besa taste, sensation.] (Zo\'94l.)
A carnivore (Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to
the civet but smaller, native of China and the East Indies. It
furnishes a perfume resembling that of the civet, which is highly
prized by the Javanese. Called also Malacca
weasel, and lesser civet.
Ra"sure (?; 135), n. [L.
rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to
scrape, to shave. See Rase, v.]
1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing;
erasure; obliteration.
2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a
writing or print, is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an
erasure.
Ayliffe.
Rat (?), n. [AS.
r\'91t; akin to D. rat, OHG.
rato, ratta, G. ratte,
ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan.
rotte, Sw. r\'86tta, F. rat, Ir.
& Gael radan, Armor. raz, of unknown
origin. Cf. Raccoon.] 1.
(Zo\'94l.) One of the several species of small
rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, larger
than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the
Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were
introduced into Anerica from the Old World.
2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar
material, used by women to support the puffs and rolls of their
natural hair. [Local, U.S.]
3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence,
in the trades, one who works for lower wages than those
prescribed by a trades union. [Cant]
rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the
converts to the government of George the First, but has by
degrees obtained a wide meaning, and come to be applied to any
sudden and mercenary change in politics.\'b8
Lord Mahon.
Bamboo rat (Zo\'94l.), any Indian
rodent of the genus Rhizomys. --
Beaver rat, Coast rat.
(Zo\'94l.) See under Beaver and
Coast. -- Blind rat (Zo\'94l.),
the mole rat. -- Cotton rat
(Zo\'94l.), a long-haired rat (Sigmodon
hispidus), native of the Southern United States and Mexico.
It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the
crop. -- Ground rat. See Ground
Pig, under Ground. -- Hedgehog
rat. See under Hedgehog. -- Kangaroo
rat (Zo\'94l.), the potoroo. --
Norway rat (Zo\'94l.), the common brown
rat. See Rat. -- Pouched rat.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) See Pocket
Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any
African rodent of the genus Cricetomys. Rat
Indians (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians
dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan
stock. -- Rat mole. (Zo\'94l.) See
Mole rat, under Mole. -- Rat pit,
an inclosed space into which rats are put to be killed by a
dog for sport. -- Rat snake
(Zo\'94l.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas
mucosus) very common in India and Ceylon. It enters
dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc. -- Spiny
rat (Zo\'94l.), any South America rodent of
the genus Echinomys. -- To smell a
rat. See under Smell. -- Wood
rat (Zo\'94l.), any American rat of the
genus Neotoma, especially N. Floridana,
common in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are
white.
Rat, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Ratting.] 1. In English
politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to
forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades,
to work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those
established by a trades union.
Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having
ratted, solely by his inability to follow the friends
of his early days.
De Quincey.
2. To catch or kill rats.
<-- rat on (someone), to inform on an associate,to squeal. -->
Ra"ta (?), n. [Maori.]
(Bot.) A New Zealand forest tree
(Metrosideros robusta), also, its hard dark red wood,
used by the Maoris for paddles and war clubs.
Rat`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or state of being ratable.
Rat"a*ble (?), a. 1.
Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.
Twenty or\'91 were ratable to [at] two marks of
silver.
Camden.
2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation;
as, ratable estate.
3. Made at a proportionate rate; as,
ratable payments. --
Rat"a*ble*ness, n. --
Rat"a*bly, adv.
Rat`a*fi"a (?), n. [F., fr.
Malay arak arrack + t\'bef\'c6a a spirit
distilled from molasses.] A spirituous liquor flavored
with the kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit,
spiced, and sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the
liqueurs called noyau, cura,
etc. [Written also ratifia and
ratafee.]
Ra*tan" (?), n. See
Rattan.
Rat"a*ny (?), n. (Bot.)
Same as Rhatany.
\'d8Ra`ta`plan" (?), n.
[F.] The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of
a galloping horse.
Ratch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.)
Same as Rotche.
Ratch (?), n. [See
Rack the instrument, Ratchet.] A
ratchet wheel, or notched bar, with which a pawl or chick
works.
Ratch"el (?), n. Gravelly
stone. [Prov. Eng.]
Ratch"et (?), n. [Properly a
diminutive from the same word as rack: cf. F.
rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the
instrument.] 1. A pawl, click, or detent, for
holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.
2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or
ratch, and pawl. See Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d
Ratch.
Ratchet brace (Mech.), a boring
brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl for rotating the tool by
back and forth movements of the brace handle. --
Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a
drill by hand, consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a
drill holder which is revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and
pawl, by swinging the lever back and forth. -- Ratchet
wheel (Mach.), a circular wheel having
teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages
to turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from
turning backward.
<-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill -->
c slides over
the teeth in one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel
with it, while the pawl d prevents it from turning in
the contrary direction.
<-- p. 1191 -->
Rate (?), v. t. & i. [Perh. fr.
E. rate, v. t., to value at a certain rate, to
estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault,
to blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat
refuse, hrati rubbish.] To chide with
vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
Spencer.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy!
Shak.
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them
from it, and rating them for it.
Barrow.
Rate (?), n. [OF., fr. L.
rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus
reckoned, fixed by calculation, p. p. of reri to
reckon, to calculate. Cf. Reason.] 1.
Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.
The one right feeble through the evil rate,
Of food which in her duress she had found.
Spenser.
2. That which is established as a measure or
criterion; degree; standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a
slow rate of movement; rate of interest is the
ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.
Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was
different from what it is nowadays.
South.
In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the
rate and pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . .
merciful.
Calamy.
Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor
come up soon enough.
Clarendon.
3. Variation; prise fixed with relation to a
standard; cost; charge; as, high or low rates of
transportation.
They come at dear rates from Japan.
Locke.
4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property
for public use, according to its income or value; esp., in
England, a local tax; as, parish rates; town
rates.
5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.]
Thus sat they all around in seemly rate.
Spenser.
6. Ratification; approval. [R.]
Chapman.
7. (Horol.) The gain or loss of a
timepiece in a unit of time; as, daily rate; hourly
rate; etc.
8. (Naut.) (a) The order or
class to which a war vessel belongs, determined according to its
size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, second
rate, etc. (b) The class of a
merchant vessel for marine insurance, determined by its relative
safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc.
Rate, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rated; p. pr. & vb. n.
Rating.] 1. To set a certain
estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree.
To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a
rule frequent indeed, but not infallible.
South.
You seem not high enough your joys to rate.
Dryden.
2. To assess for the payment of a rate or
tax.
3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position,
amount, value, or quality of; as, to rate a ship; to
rate a seaman; to rate a pension.
4. To ratify. [Obs.] \'bdTo
rate the truce.\'b8 Chapman.
To rate a chronometer, to ascertain the exact
rate of its gain or loss as compared with true time, so as to
make an allowance or computation depended thereon.
Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.
Rate, v. i. 1. To be set or
considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship
rates as a ship of the line.
2. To make an estimate.
Rate"a*ble (?), a. See
Ratable.
Ra"tel (?), n. [F.]
(Zo\'94l.) Any carnivore of the genus
Mellivora, allied to the weasels and the skunks; --
called also honey badger.
M. Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M.
Indica) are the best known. The back is gray; the lower
parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of honey, and rob
the nests of wild bees.
Rate"pay`er (?), n. One who
pays rates or taxes.
Rat"er (?), n. One who rates or
estimates.
Rat"er, n. One who rates or
scolds.
Rat"fish` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Rat-tail.
Rath (?), n. [Ir.
rath.] 1. A hill or mound.
[Ireland]
Spencer.
2. A kind of ancient fortification found in
Ireland.
{ Rath, Rathe } (?),
a. [AS. hr\'91\'eb,
hr\'91d, quick, akin to OHG. hrad, Icel.
hra\'ebr.] Coming before others, or before
the usual time; early. [Obs. or Poetic]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies.
Milton.
{ Rath, Rathe, } adv.
Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why rise ye up so rathe?
Chaucer.
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal.
Spencer.
Rath"er (?), a. [Compar. of
Rath, a.] Prior; earlier;
former. [Obs.]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town.
Sir J. Mandeville.
Rath"er (?), adv. [AS.
hra\'ebor, compar. of hra\'ebe,
hr\'91\'ebe, quickly, immediately. See Rath,
a.]
1. Earlier; sooner; before.
[Obs.]
Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I.
Chaucer.
A good mean to come the rather to grace.
Foxe.
2. More readily or willingly; preferably.
My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my
life.
Job vii. 15.
3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was
said or suggested; instead.
Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse.
Mark v. 26.
4. Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference
to, or as more likely than, the other; somewhat.
He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain,
And nowhere finding, rather feared her slain.
Dryden.
5. More properly; more correctly speaking.
This is an art
Which does mend nature, change it rather, but
The art itself is nature.
Shak.
6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is
rather warm; the house is rather
damp.
The rather, the more so; especially; for
better reason; for particular cause.
You are come to me in happy time,
The rather for I have some sport in hand.
Shak.
-- Had rather, Would
rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he
had, go than stay. \'bdI
had rather speak five words with my understanding than
ten thousands words in an unknown tongue.\'b8 1 Cor. xiv.
19. See Had rather, under Had.
Rath"ripe` (?), a. Rareripe, or
early ripe. -- n. A rareripe.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits.
Fuller.
Rat`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf.
F. ratification.] The act of ratifying; the
state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the
ratification of a treaty.
Rat"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or
that which, ratifies; a confirmer.
Shak.
Rat"i*fy (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ratified
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ratifying
(?).] [F. ratifier, fr. L.
ratus fixed by calculation, firm, valid +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate,
n., and -fy.] To approve and
sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to
give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant;
as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to
ratify a nomination.
It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie
by ratifying an imposture with such a miracle.
South.
Rat`i*ha*bi"tion (?), n. [L.
ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid +
habere to hold.] Confirmation or
approbation, as of an act or contract. [Obs.]
Jer. Tailor.
Ra"ti*o (?), n. [L., fr.
reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think,
judge. See Reason.] 1. (Math.)
The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another
of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division
of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is
expressed by a to b by
a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the
dividend; as, a:b = b/a.
ratio as the
quotient itself, making ratio equivalent to a number.
The term ratio is also sometimes applied to the
difference of two quantities as well as to their
quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical
ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name
ratio is sometimes given to the rule of
three in arithmetic. See under Rule.
2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or
degree; rate; proportion; as, the ratio of representation in
Congress.
Compound ratio, Duplicate ratio,
Inverse ratio, etc. See under
Compound, Duplicate, etc. -- Ratio of
a geometrical progression, the constant quantity by
which each term is multiplied to produce the succeeding
one.
Ra`ti*oc"i*nate (?), v. i. [L.
ratiocinatus, p. p. of ratiocinari, fr.
ratio reason. See Ratio.] To
reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason or argument.
Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion (?), n. [L.
ratiocinatio: cf. F. ratiocination.]
The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from
premises; deductive reasoning.
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive (?), a. [L.
ratiocinativus.] Characterized by, or
addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of
proportions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the
comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative
process.
The ratiocinative meditativeness of his
character.
Coleridge.
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry (?), a.
Ratiocinative. [R.]
Ra"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L.
ratio a reckoning, calculation, relation, reference,
LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.]
1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned
to a soldier in the army, or a sailor in the navy, for his
subsistence.
2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt
out; an allowance; an allotment.
Ra"tion, v. t. To supply with rations,
as a regiment.
Ra"tion*al (?), a. [L.
rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See
Ratio, Reason, and cf.
Rationale.] 1. Relating to reason;
not physical; mental.
Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the
rational, the natural, and mathematics . . . were but
simple pastimes in comparison of the other.
Sir T. North.
2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning;
endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.
It is our glory and happiness to have a rational
nature.
Law.
3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous,
extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious;
as, rational conduct; a rational
man.
4. (Chem.) Expressing the type,
structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; --
said of formul\'91. See under Formula.
Rational horizon. (Astron.) See
Horizon, 2 (b). -- Rational
quantity (Alg. ), one that can be expressed
without the use of a radical sign, or in extract parts of unity;
-- opposed to irrational or radical
quantity. -- Rational symptom
(Med.), one elicited by the statements of the
patient himself and not as the result of a physical
examination.
<-- rational drug design. -->
Syn. -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible;
wise; discreet; judicious. -- Rational,
reasonable. Rational has reference to reason
as a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to traditional; as,
a rational being, a rational state of mind,
rational views, etc. In these cases the speculative
reason is more particularly, referred to. Reasonable
has reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical
purposes, and means, governed or directed by reason; as,
reasonable prospect of success.
What higher in her society thou find'st
Attractive, human, rational, love still.
Milton.
A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man
does not allow it, or does not know the reason of the
lawgivers.
Swift.
Ra"tion*al, n. A rational being.
Young.
Ra`tion*a"le (?), n. [L.
rationalis, neut. rationale. See
Rational, a.] An explanation or
exposition of the principles of some opinion, action, hypothesis,
phenomenon, or like; also, the principles themselves.
Ra"tion*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
rationalisme.] 1. (Theol.)
The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious
opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or
opposed to, revelation.
2. (Philos.) The system that makes
rational power the ultimate test of truth; -- opposed to
sensualism, or sensationalism, and
empiricism.
Fleming.
Ra"tion*al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
rationaliste.] One who accepts rationalism
as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See
Citation under Reasonist.
{ Ra`tion*al*is"tic (?),
Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al (?) } a.
Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of
rationalism. --
Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly,
adv.
Ra`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
-ties (#). [F.
rationalit\'82, or L. rationalitas.]
The quality or state of being rational; agreement with
reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason;
reasonableness.
When God has made rationality the common portion of
mankind, how came it to be thy inclosure?
Gov. of Tongue.
Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will
never bear a rigid examination.
Sir T. Browne.
Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n.
The act or process of rationalizing.
Ra"tion*al*ize (?), v. t.
1. To make rational; also, to convert to
rationalism.
2. To interpret in the manner of a
rationalist.
3. To form a rational conception of.
4. (Alg.) To render rational; to free
from radical signs or quantities.
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i. To use, and rely
on, reason in forming a theory, belief, etc., especially in
matters of religion: to accord with the principles of
rationalism.
Theodore . . . is just considered the chief
rationalizing doctor of antiquity.
J. H. Newman.
Ra"tion*al*ly, adv. In a rational
manner.
Ra"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state
of being rational; rationality.
\'d8Ra*ti"t\'91 (?), n. pl.
[NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L.
ratitus marked with the figure of a raft.]
(Zo\'94l.) An order of birds in which the wings
are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is
destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, and apteryx are
examples.
Rat"i*tate (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ratit\'91.
Rat"ite (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Ratit\'91. -- n. One of the
Ratit\'91.
{ Rat"lines, rat"lins }, n.
pl. [Of uncertain origin.] (Naut.)
The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and
forming the steps of a rope ladder. [Written also
ratlings, and rattlings.]
Totten.
Rat"on (?), n. [Cf.
Raccoon.] A small rat.
[Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
Ra*toon" (?), n. 1.
Same as Rattoon, n.
2. A rattan cane. [Obs.]
Pepys.
Ra*toon", v. i. Same as
Rattoon, v. i.
Rats"bane (?), n.
[Rat + bane.] Rat poison;
white arsenic.
Rats"baned` (?), a. Poisoned by
ratsbane.
Rat"-tail` (?), a. Like a rat's
tale in form; as, a rat-tail file, which is round,
slender, and tapering. See Illust. of
File.
Rat"-tail`, n. 1. (Far.)
pl. An excrescence growing from the pastern to
the middle of the shank of a horse.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
California chim\'91ra. See Chim\'91ra.
(b) Any fish of the genus Macrurus. See
Grenadier, 2.
Rat"-tailed` (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a long, tapering tail like that
of a rat.
Rat-tailed larva (Zo\'94l.), the
larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. See
Eristalis. -- Rat-tailed serpent
(Zo\'94l.), the fer-de-lance. --
Rat-tailed shrew (Zo\'94l.), the musk
shrew.
Rat*tan" (?), n. [Malay
r.] [Written also
ratan.] (Bot. ) One of the
long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the
genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are
African and Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used
for walking sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords
and cordage, and many other purposes.
Rat*teen" (?), n. [F.
ratine.] A thick woolen stuff quilled or
twilled.
Rat"ten (?), v. t. [Prov. E.
ratten a rat, hence the verb literally means, to do
mischief like a rat.] To deprive feloniously of the
tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them),
for the purpose of annoying; as, to ratten a
mechanic who works during a strike.
[Trades-union Cant]
J. McCarthy.
Rat"ter (?), n. 1. One
who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.
2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained
to catch rats; a rat terrier. See Terrier.
Rat`ti*net" (?), n. A woolen
stuff thinner than ratteen.
Rat"ting (?), n. 1.
The conduct or practices of one who rats. See Rat,
v. i., 1.
Sydney Smith.
2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats
confined in a pit to see how many he will kill in a given
time.
Rat"tle (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rattled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rattling
(?).] [Akin to D. ratelen,
G. rasseln, AS. hr\'91tele a rattle, in
hr\'91telwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. Rail a bird.] 1. To make a quick
succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the collision of
hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to
clatter.
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms.
Addison.
'T was but the wind,
Or the car rattling o'er the stony street.
Byron.
<-- p. 1192 -->
2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a
clattering; as, we rattled along for a couple of
miles. [Colloq.]
3. To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly
and idly; to clatter; -- with on or away;
as, she rattled on for an hour.
[Colloq.]
Rat"tle (?), v. t. 1.
To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; as, to
rattle a chain.
2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting
noise.
Sound but another [drum], and another shall
As loud as thine rattle the welkin's ear.
Shak.
3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to
rattle one's judgment; to rattle a player in a
game. [Colloq.]
4. To scold; to rail at.
L'Estrange.
To rattle off. (a) To tell glibly or
noisily; as, to rattle off a story. (b)
To rail at; to scold. \'bdShe would sometimes
rattle off her servants sharply.\'b8
Arbuthnot.
Rat"tle, n. 1. A rapid
succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the
rattle of a drum.
Prior.
2. Noisy, rapid talk.
All this ado about the golden age is but an empty
rattle and frivolous conceit.
Hakewill.
3. An instrument with which a ratting sound is
made; especially, a child's toy that rattle when shaken.
The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea
nearly enough resemble each other.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw.
Pope.
4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.
It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much
perspicuity, vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he
took a part in conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering
rattle.
Macaulay.
5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke.
[Obs.]
Heylin.
6. (Zo\'94l.) Any organ of an animal
having a structure adapted to produce a ratting sound.
rattle of the rattlesnake is composed
of the hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not
cast off, and so modified in form as to make a series of loose,
hollow joints.
7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in
passing through mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; --
chiefly observable at the approach of death, when it is called
the death rattle. See R.
To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound.
-- Yellow rattle (Bot.), a
yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista-galli), the
ripe seeds of which rattle in the inflated calyx.
Rat"tle*box` (?), n. 1.
A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.
2. (Bot.) (a) An American herb
(Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of which, when
ripe, rattle in the inflated pod. (b) Any
species of Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered
herbs, with inflated, many-seeded pods.
Rat"tle-brained` (?), a. Giddy;
rattle-headed.
Rat"tle*head` (?), n. An empty,
noisy talker.
Rat"tle-head`ed, a. Noisy; giddy;
unsteady.
Rat"tle*mouse` (?), n. A
bat. [Obs.]
Puttenham.
Rat"tle*pate` (?), n. A
rattlehead.
C. Kingsley.
Rat"tle-pat`ed, a. Rattle-headed.
\'bdA noisy, rattle-pated fellow.\'b8
W. Irving.
Rat"tler (?), n. One who, or
that which, rattles.
Rat"tle*snake` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of venomous
American snakes belonging to the genera Crotalus and
Caudisona, or Sistrurus. They have a series
of horny interlocking joints at the end of the tail which make a
sharp ratting sound when shaken. The common rattlesnake of the
Northern United States (Crotalus horridus), and the
diamond rattlesnake of the south (C. adamanteus), are
the best known. See Illust. of Fang.
<-- also called rattler, and C. adamateus, and C. atrox are also
called the diamondback rattler, or diamondback. -->
Ground rattlesnake (Zo\'94l.), a
small rattlesnake (Caudisona, ) of the Southern United States, having a small
rattle. It has nine large scales on its head. --
Rattlesnake fern (Bot.), a common
American fern (Botrychium Virginianum) having a
triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked panicle of spore
cases rising from the middle of the frond. --
Rattlesnake grass (Bot.), a handsome
American grass (Glyceria Canadensis) with an ample
panicle of rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of
imbricated parts and slightly resembling the rattle of the
rattlesnake. Sometimes called quaking
grass. -- Rattlesnake plantain
(Bot.), See under Plantain. --
Rattlesnake root (Bot.), a name given
to certain American species of the composite genus
Prenanthes (P. alba and P.
serpentaria), formerly asserted to cure the bite of the
rattlesnake. Calling also lion's foot,
gall of the earth, and white
lettuce. -- Rattlesnake's master
(Bot.) (a) A species of Agave (Agave
Virginica) growing in the Southern United States.
(b) An umbelliferous plant (Eryngium
yucc\'91folium) with large bristly-fringed linear
leaves. (c) A composite plant, the blazing star
(Liatris squarrosa). -- Rattlesnake
weed (Bot.), a plant of the composite genus
Hieracium (H. venosum); -- probably so
named from its spotted leaves. See also
Snakeroot.
Rat"tle*trap` (?), n. Any
machine or vehicle that does not run smoothly.
[Colloq.]
A. Trollope.
Rat"tle*weed` (?), n.
(Bot.) Any plant of the genus
Astragalus. See Milk vetch.
Rat"tle*wings` (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The golden-eye.
Rat"tle*wort` (?), n. [AS.
hr\'91telwyrt.] (Bot.) Same as
Rattlebox.
Rat"tlings (?), n. pl.
(Naut.) Ratlines.
Rat*toon" (?), n. [Sp.
reto\'a4o.] One of the stems or shoots of
sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later.
See Plant-cane.
Rat*toon", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Rattooned (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rattooning.] [Cf. Sp.
reto\'a4ar.] To sprout or spring up from
the root, as sugar cane of the previous year's planting.
Rau"cid (?), a. [L.
raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.]
Hoarse; raucous [R.]
Lamb.
Rau"ci*ty (?), n. [L.
rausitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F.
raucit\'82.] Harshness of sound; rough
utterance; hoarseness; as, the raucity of a trumpet,
or of the human voice.
Rau"cous (?), a. [L.
raucus.] Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a
raucous, thick tone. \'bdHis voice slightly
raucous.\'b8 Aytoun. --
Rau"cous*ly, adv.
Raught (?), obs. imp. &
p. p. of Reach.
Shak.
Raught, obs. imp. & p. p.
of Reck.
Chaucer.
Raunch (?), v. t. See
Ranch.
Spenser.
Raun*soun" (?), n.
Ransom. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rav"age (?; 48), n. [F., fr.
(assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum, fr.
rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See
Rapacious, Ravish.] Desolation by
violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; havoc; waste;
as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of
fire or tempest; the ravages of an army, or of
time.
<-- ravages of time -->
Would one think 't were possible for love
To make such ravage in a noble soul?
Addison.
Syn. -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage;
plunder; spoil; waste; ruin.
Rav"age, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ravaged (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ravaging (?).] [F.
ravager. See Ravage, n.]
To lay waste by force; to desolate by violence; to commit
havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to plunder; to
consume.
Already C\'91sar
Has ravaged more than half the globe.
Addison.
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven
away.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil;
devastate; desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.
Rav"a*ger (?), n. One who, or
that which, ravages or lays waste; spoiler.
Rave, n. [Prov. E. raves, or
rathes, a frame laid on a wagon, for carrying hay,
etc.] One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a
wagon body or a sleigh.
Rave (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Raved (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Raving.] [F.
r\'88ver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps
fr. L. rabere to rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf.
Rage, Reverie.] 1. To
wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act
irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.
In our madness evermore we rave.
Chaucer.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast?
Addison.
The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went
raving down the valley to the gorge of
Kiliecrankie.
Macaulay.
2. To rush wildly or furiously.
Spencer.
3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or
excessive passion or excitement; -- followed by about,
of, or on; as, he raved about
her beauty.
The hallowed scene
Which others rave on, though they know it not.
Byron.
Rave, v. t. To utter in madness or
frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave
nonsense.
Young.
Rave"hook (?), n.
(Shipbuilding) A tool, hooked at the end, for
enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.
Rav"el (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raveled (?)
or Ravelled; p. pr. & vb. n.
Raveling or Ravelling.] [.
ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG.
rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.]
1. To separate or undo the texture of; to take
apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by
out; as, to ravel a twist; to
ravel out a sticking.<-- = to unravel? -->
Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of
care.
Shak.
2. To undo the intricacies of; to
disentangle.
3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and
let them fall into a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make
intricate; to involve.
What glory's due to him that could divide
Such raveled interests? has he not untied?
Waller.
The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and
indifferent, is so often untwisted by violence, or
raveled and entangled in weak discourses!
Jer. Taylor.
Rav"el, v. i. 1. To become
untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved of
intricacy.
2. To fall into perplexity and confusion.
[Obs.]
Till, by their own perplexities involved,
They ravel more, still less resolved.
Milton.
3. To make investigation or search, as by picking
out the threads of a woven pattern. [Obs.]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or
entangled matters.
Sir W. Temple.
Rav"el*er (?), n. [Also
raveller.] One who ravels.
Rave"lin (?), n. [F.; cf. Sp.
rebellin, It. revellino,
rivellino; perhaps fr. L. re- again +
vallum wall.] (Fort.) A detached
work with two embankments with make a salient angle. It is raised
before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly
called demilune and half-moon.
Rav"el*ing (?), n. [Also
ravelling.] 1. The act of
untwisting, or of disentangling.
2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread
detached from a texture.
Ra"ven (?), n. [AS.
hr\'91fn; akin to raaf, G. rabe,
OHG. hraban, Icel. hrafn, Dan.
ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A large black
passerine bird (Corvus corax), similar to the crow,
but larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia and
America, and is noted for its sagacity.
Sea raven (Zo\'94l.), the
cormorant.
Ra"ven, a. Of the color of the raven;
jet black; as, raven curls; raven
darkness.
<-- raven-haired -->
Rav"en (?), n. [OF.
ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine
ravine. See Ravine, Rapine.]
[Written also ravin, and
ravine.] 1. Rapine;
rapacity. Ray.
2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.
Rav"en, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Ravened (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Ravening.] [Written also
ravin, and ravine.]
1. To obtain or seize by violence.
Hakewill.
2. To devoir with great eagerness.
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane.
Shak.
Rav"en, v. i. To prey with rapacity; to
be greedy; to show rapacity. [Written also
ravin, and ravine.]
Benjamin shall raven as a wolf.
Gen. xlix. 27.
\'d8Rav`e*na"la (?), n.
[Malagasy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants
related to the banana.
Ravenala Madagascariensis, the principal
species, is an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves
growing alternately from two sides of the stem. The sheathing
bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain water, which
flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence the plant
is called traveller's tree.
Rav"en*er (?), n. 1.
One who, or that which, ravens or plunders.
Gower.
2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture.
[Obs.]
Holland.
Rav"en*ing, n. Eagerness for plunder;
rapacity; extortion.
Luke xi. 39.
Rav"en*ing, a. Greedily devouring;
rapacious; as, ravening wolves. --
Rav"en*ing*ly, adv.
Rav"en*ous (?), a. [From 2d
Raven.] 1. Devouring with rapacious
eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; as, a
ravenous wolf or vulture.
2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a
ravenous appetite or desire.
-- Rav"en*ous*ly, adv. --
Rav"en*ous*ness, n.
Ra"ven's-duck` (?), n. [Cf. G.
ravenstuch.] A fine quality of
sailcloth.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Rav"er (?), n. One who
raves.
Rav"in (?), n. Ravenous.
[Obs.]
Shak.
{ Rav"in, Ravine } (?),
n. [See 2d Raven.] Food
obtained by violence; plunder; prey; raven. \'bdFowls of
ravyne.\'b8
Chaucer.
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw
With ravine, shrieked against his creed.
Tennyson.
<-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 -->
{ Rav"in, Rav"ine, } v. t. &
i. See Raven, v. t. & i.
Ra*vine" (?), n. [F., a place
excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. ravir to snatch
or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina
rapine. See Ravish, and cf. Rapine,
Raven prey.] 1. A torrent of
water. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a
stream or torrent of water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.
Rav"ing (?), a. Talking
irrationally and wildly; as, a raving
lunatic. -- Rav"ing*ly,
adv.
Rav"ish (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Ravished
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ravishing.] [OE. ravissen,
F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear
away, to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and
-ish.] 1. To seize and carry away by
violence; to snatch by force.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin
Will quicken, and accuse thee.
Shak.
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right.
Dryden.
2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to
ecstasy. \'bdRavished . . . for the joy.\'b8
Chaucer.
Thou hast ravished my heart.
Cant. iv. 9.
3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force,
and against her consent; to rape.
Shak.
Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate;
deflour; force.
<-- sic. "deflour" is given in this dict. as the preferred sp. of
"deflower" -->
Rav"ish*er (?), n. One who
ravishes (in any sense).
Rav"ish*ing, a. Rapturous;
transporting.
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a ravishing
manner.
Rav"ish*ment (?), n. [F.
ravissement. See Ravish.]
1. The act of carrying away by force or against
consent; abduction; as, the ravishment of children
from their parents, or a ward from his guardian, or of a wife
from her husband.
Blackstone.
2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport
of delight; ecstasy.
Spencer.
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment
Attracted by thy beauty still to gaze.
Milton.
3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.
Rav"is*sant (?), a. [F.]
(Her.) In a half-raised position, as if about to
spring on prey.
<-- p. 1193 -->
Raw (?), a.
[Compar Rawer (?);
superl. Rawest.] [AS.
hre\'a0w; akin to D. raauw, LG.
rau, G. roh, OHG. r, Icel.
hr\'ber, Dan. raa, Sw. r\'86, L.
crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr.
kravis raw flesh. Crude,
Cruel.]
1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared
by the action of heat; as, raw sienna;
specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to a state suitable
for eating; not done; as, raw meat.
2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment;
immature; unripe; unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed;
untried; as, raw soldiers; a raw
recruit.
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the
multitude.
De Quincey.
3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state;
untouched by art; unwrought. Specifically: (a)
Not distilled; as, raw water.
[Obs.] Bacon. (b) Not spun or
twisted; as, raw silk or cotton.
(c) Not mixed or diluted; as, raw
spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and
strained; as, raw tallow. (e)
Not tanned; as, raw hides.
(f) Not trimmed, covered, or folded under; as,
the raw edge of a piece of metal or of cloth.
4. Not covered; bare. Specifically:
(a) Bald. [Obs.] \'bdWith
scull all raw.\'b8
Spencer
(b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw
sore. (c) Sore, as if by being galled.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw
Through long imprisonment.
Spenser.
5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a
raw wind. \'bdA raw and gusty
day.\'b8
Shak.
Raw material, material that has not been
subjected to a (specified) process of manufacture; as, ore is
the raw material used in smelting; leather is the raw
material of the shoe industry. -- Raw
pig, cast iron as it comes from the smelting
furnace.
Raw, n. A raw, sore, or galled place; a
sensitive spot; as, to touch one on the
raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a
raw.
De Quincey.
Raw"bone` (?), a.
Rawboned. [Obs.]
Spencer.
Raw"boned`, a. Having little flesh on
the bones; gaunt.
Shak.
Raw"head` (?), n. A specter
mentioned to frighten children; as, rawhead and
bloodybones.
Raw"hide` (?), n. A cowhide, or
coarse riding whip, made of untanned (or raw) hide twisted.
Raw"ish, a. Somewhat raw.
[R.]
Marston.
Raw"ly, adv. 1. In a raw
manner; unskillfully; without experience.
2. Without proper preparation or provision.
Shak.
Raw"ness, n. The quality or state of
being raw.
Ray (?), v. t. [An aphetic form
of array; cf. Beray.]
1. To array. [Obs.]
Sir T. More.
2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to
defile. [Obs.] \'bdThe fifth that did it
ray.\'b8
Spenser.
Ray, n. Array; order; arrangement;
dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray.
Spenser.
Ray, n. [OF. rai, F.
rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff,
rod, spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.] 1.
One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common
point or center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of
six rays.
2. (Bot.) A radiating part of the flower
or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, as an aster
or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular
flower cluster; radius. See Radius.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the
radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting the fins of
fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a
radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an
ophiuran.
4. (Physics) (a) A line of
light or heat proceeding from a radiant or reflecting point; a
single element of light or heat propagated continuously; as,
a solar ray; a polarized ray.
(b) One of the component elements of the total
radiation from a body; any definite or limited portion of the
spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet
ray. See Illust. under
Light.
5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory
of vision, that sight was something which proceeded from the eye
to the object seen.
All eyes direct their rays
On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they gaze.
Pope.
6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging
lines passing through a point, and regarded as extending
indefinitely in both directions. See Half-ray.
Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See
Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary
ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray
divided by double refraction which does not follow the ordinary
law of refraction. -- Ordinary ray
(Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided
by double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of
refraction. -- Pencil of rays (Geom.),
a definite system of rays. -- Ray
flower, Ray floret
(Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the
capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod,
daisy, and sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped
corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and
five-lobed. -- Ray point (Geom.),
the common point of a pencil of rays. -- R\'94ntgen
ray ( (Phys.), a kind of ray
generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the
electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through many
bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and
fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal
structure of opaque objects are made, called
radiographs, or sciagraphs<-- or X-ray
photographs, radiograms, or X-rays -->. So called from the
discoverer, W. C. R\'94ntgen. -- X ray,
the R\'94ntgen ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of
its enigmatical character, x being an algebraic symbol
for an unknown quantity.
Ray, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Raying.] [Cf. OF. raier,
raiier, rayer, L. radiare to
irradiate. See Ray, n., and cf.
Radiate.] 1. To mark with long
lines; to streak. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. [From Ray, n.] To
send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; as, to
ray smiles. [R.]
Thompson.
Ray, v. t. To shine, as with rays.
Mrs. Browning.
Ray, n. [F. raie, L.
raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) Any one of numerous elasmobranch fishes of the
order Rai\'91, including the skates, torpedoes, sawfishes,
etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the
broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays.
See Skate.
Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed
eagle ray (Stoasodon n\'85rinari) of the Southern
United States and the West Indies. -- Butterfly
ray, a short-tailed American sting ray
(Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral
fins. -- Devil ray. See Sea
Devil. -- Eagle ray, any large ray of
the family Myliobatid\'91, or
\'92tobatid\'91. The common European species
(Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip
ray, and miller. --
Electric ray, or Cramp ray,
a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common
European skate (Raia radiata). -- Sting
ray, any one of numerous species of rays of the family
Trygonid\'91 having one or more large, sharp, barbed
dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also
stingaree.
\'d8Ra"yah (?), n. [Ar.
ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to
pasture, guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays
the capitation tax. [Turkey.]
Ray" grass` (?) [Etymol. of ray
is uncertain.] (Bot.) A perennial European
grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye
grass, and red darnel. See
Darnel, and Grass.
Italian ray, ,
grass. See Darnel, and
Grass.
Ray"less (?), a. Destitute of
rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a
rayless sky; rayless eyes.
Ray"on (?), n. [F.]
Ray; beam. [Obs.]
Spenser.
<-- Rayon. A synthetic fiber, consisting of a polyamide -->
Ray"on*nant (?), a. [F.]
(Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun when it
shines out.
Raze (?), n. [See
Rack.] A Shakespearean word (used once)
supposed to mean the same as race, a root.<--
Obs. -->
Raze, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Razed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Razing.] [F. raser. See
Rase, v. t.] [Written also
rase.] 1. To erase; to efface;
to obliterate.
Razing the characters of your renown.
Shak.
2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level
with the ground; to destroy; to demolish.
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert;
destroy; ruin. See Demolish.
Razed (?), a. Slashed or
striped in patterns. [Obs.] \'bdTwo Provincial
roses on my razed shoes.\'b8
Shak.
Ra*zee" (?), n. [F. vaisseau
ras\'82, fr. raser to rase, to cut down
ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase,
v. t.] (Naut.) An armed ship
having her upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next
inferior rate, as a seventy-four cut down to a frigate.
Totten.
Ra*zoe", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Razeed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Razeeing.] To cut down to a less number
of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or glass, as a ship;
hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or retrenching parts;
as, to razee a book, or an article.
Ra"zor (?), n. [OE.
rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor:
cf. F. rasoir, LL. rasorium. See
Raze, v. t., Rase, v.
t.] 1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar
shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head.
\'bdTake thee a barber's rasor.\'b8
<-- also called straight razor -->
Ezek. v. 1.
<-- (b) a similar device for shaving, with a replaceable blade.
Also called safety razor. Also a similar device, made of
plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor can be
sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls --
called a disposable razor. --> -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A task of a wild
boar.
Razor fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a)
A small Mediterranean fish (Coryph\'91na
novacula), prized for the table. (b) The
razor shell. -- Razor grass (Bot.),
a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the
triangular stem and the leaves of which are edged with minute
sharp teeth. -- Razor grinder
(Zo\'94l.), the European goat-sucker. --
Razor shell (Zo\'94l.), any marine
bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially
Solen, , which
have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor
handle in shape. Called also rasor clam,
razor fish, knife
handle. -- Razor stone. Same as
Novaculite. -- Razor strap, razor strop, a strap or strop used in
sharpening razors.<-- safety razor; disposable razor;
electric razor -->
Ra"sor*a*ble (?), a. Ready for
the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.]
Shak.
Ra"zor*back" (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The rorqual.
Ra"zor-backed" (?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back;
as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.
Ra"zor*bill (?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A species of auk
(Alca torda) common in the Arctic seas. See
Auk, and Illust. in Appendix.
(b) See Cutwater, 3.
Ra"zure (?), n. [See
Rasure.]
1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of
being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure.
2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.
\'d8Raz"zi*a (?), n. [F., fr.
Ar. gh\'bez\'c6a (pron. razia in
Algeria).] A plundering and destructive incursion; a
foray; a rai
Re- (?). [L. re-, older form
(retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. re-,
r\'82-.] A prefix signifying
back, against, again,
anew; as, recline, to lean back;
recall, to call back; recede; remove;
reclaim, to call out against; repugn, to fight
against; recognition, a knowing again; rejoin,
to join again; reiterate, reassure.
Combinations containing the prefix re- are readily
formed, and are for the most part of obvious signification.
Re (r. [It.]
(Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the
second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system,
to the second tone of any diatonic scale.
Re`ab*sorb" (?), v. t. To
absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again what has been effused,
extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up again; as, to
reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of
fluids.
Re`ab*sorp"tion (?), n. The act
or process of rearbsorbing.
Re`ac*cess" (?), n. A second
access or approach; a return.
Hakewill.
Re"ac*cuse" (?), v. t. To
accuse again.
Cheyne.
Reach, n. An effort to vomit.
[R.]
Reach, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reached (?) (Raught, the old
preterit, is obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS.
r, r, to extend,
stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen,
and possibly to AS. r\'c6ce powerful, rich, E.
rich. 1. To extend; to
stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member,
something held, or the like.
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten,
Unto her heeles down they raughten.
Rom. of R.
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my
side.
John xx. 27.
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far
Their pampered boughs.
Milton.
2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member,
especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another;
to hand over; as, to reach one a book.
He reached me a full cap.
2 Esd. xiv. 39.
3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the
hand; too extend some part of the body, or something held by one,
so as to touch, strike, grasp, or the like; as, to
reach an object with the hand, or with a
spear.
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford,
Than I may reach the beast.
Dryden.
4. To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; as,
to reach an object with an arrow, a bullet, or a
shell.
5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence
to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
If these examples of grown men reach not the case
of children, let them examine.
Locke.
6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch
by virtue of extent; as, his hand reaches the
river.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess
That reaches blame.
Milton.
7. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain
to; to gain; to be advanced to.
The best account of the appearances of nature which human
penetration can reach, comes short of its reality.
Cheyne.
9. To understand; to comprehend.
[Obs.]
Do what, sir? I reach you not.
Beau. & Fl.
10. To overreach; to deceive.
[Obs.]
South.
Reach, v. t. 1. To stretch out
the hand.
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste!
Milton.
2. To strain after something; to make
efforts.
Reaching above our nature does no good.
Dryden.
3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action,
influence, etc., so as to touch, attain to, or be equal to,
something.
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it
reached to heaven.
Gen. xxviii. 12.
The new world reaches quite across the torrid
zone.
Boyle.
4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from
one point of tacking to another, or with the ind nearly
abeam.
To reach after at,
to make efforts to attain to or obtain.
He would be in the mind reaching after a positive
idea of infinity.
Locke.
Reach, n. 1. The act of
stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or touching
with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as,
the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within
reach of cannon shot.
2. The power of stretching out or extending action,
influence, or the like; power of attainment or management; extent
of force or capacity.
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than
themselves to matters which they least intended.
Hayward.
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know.
Pope.
3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application;
influence; result; scope.
And on the left hand, hell,
With long reach, interposed.
Milton.
I am to pray you not to strain my speech
To grosser issues, nor to larger reach
Than to suspicion.
Shak.
4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch;
a straight portion of a stream or river, as from one turn to
another; a level stretch, as between locks in a canal; an arm of
the sea extending up into the land. \'bdThe river's wooded
reach.\'b8
Tennyson.
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and
reaches.
Holland.
5. An article to obtain an advantage.
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends
of his own underhand to cross the design.
Bacon.
6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle
with the forward bolster of a wagon.
Reach"a*ble (?), a. Being
within reach.
Reach"er (?), n. 1.
One who reaches.
2. An exaggeration. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Reach"less, a. Being beyond reach;
lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight.
Bp. Hall.
Re*act" (?), v. t. To act or
perform a second time; to do over again; as, to
react a play; the same scenes were reacted at
Rome.<-- = re-enact? -->
Re*act" (?), v. i. 1.
To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of
another body by an opposite force; as, every body
reacts on the body that impels it from its natural
state.
<-- p. 1194 -->
2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal
or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in
opposition.
Re*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82action.] 1. Any action in
resisting other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a
contrary direction; reverse action.
2. (Chem.) The mutual or reciprocal
action of chemical agents upon each other, or the action upon
such chemical agents of some form of energy, as heat, light, or
electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one or more of
these agents, with the production of new compounds or the
manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe
reaction, Flame reaction, under
Blowpipe, and Flame.
3. (Med.) An action included by vital
resistance to some other action; depression or exhaustion of
vital force consequent on overexertion or overstimulation;
heightened activity and overaction succeeding depression or
shock.
4. (Mech.) The force which a body
subjected to the action of a force from another body exerts upon
the latter body in the opposite direction.
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action,
that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon each other are
always equal and in opposite directions.
Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).
5. (Politics) Backward tendency or
movement after revolution, reform, or great progress in any
direction.
The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and
fortune reached the highest point, predicted the coming
reaction.
Macaulay.
Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve
physiology, the interval between the application of a stimulus to
an end organ of sense and the reaction or resulting movement; --
called also physiological time. --
Reaction wheel (Mech.), a water wheel
driven by the reaction of water, usually one in which the water,
entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery in a direction
opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right angles, or
inclined, to its radii.
Re*ac"tion*a*ry (?), a. Being,
causing, or favoring reaction; as, reactionary
movements.
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl.
Reactionaries (. One who
favors reaction, or seeks to undo political progress or
revolution.
Re*ac"tion*ist, n. A reactionary.
C. Kingsley.
Re*act`ive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82actif.] Having power to react; tending
to reaction; of the nature of reaction. --
Re*act"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*act"ive*ness, n.
Read (?), n. Rennet. See 3d
Reed. [Prov. Eng.]
Read (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Read (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.]
[OE. reden, r\'91den, AS.
r to read, advice, counsel, fr.
r advise, counsel, r
(imperf. reord) to advice, counsel, guess; akin to D.
raden to advise, G. raten,
rathen, Icel. r\'be, Goth.
r (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr.
r\'bedh to succeed.
1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See
Rede.
Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and
thereby try all doctrine.
Tyndale.
2. To interpret; to explain; as, to
read a riddle.
3. To tell; to declare; to recite.
[Obs.]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin.
Spenser.
4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter
aloud, or recite to one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense
of, as of language, by interpreting the characters with which it
is expressed; to peruse; as, to read a discourse; to
read the letters of an alphabet; to read
figures; to read the notes of music, or to read
music; to read a book.
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille.
Chaucer.
Well could he rede a lesson or a story.
Chaucer.
5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.
Who is't can read a woman?
Shak.
6. To discover or understand by characters, marks,
features, etc.; to learn by observation.
An armed corse did lie,
In whose dead face he read great magnanimity.
Spenser.
Those about her
From her shall read the perfect ways of honor.
Shak.
7. To make a special study of, as by perusing
textbooks; as, to read theology or law.
To read one's self in, to read about the
Thirty-nine Articles and the Declaration of Assent, -- required
of a clergyman of the Church of England when he first officiates
in a new benefice.
Read, v. t. 1. To give advice
or counsel. [Obs.]
2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.]
Spenser.
3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to
go over and utter aloud, the words of a book or other like
document.
So they read in the book of the law of God
distinctly, and gave the sense.
Neh. viii. 8.
4. To study by reading; as, he read
for the bar.
5. To learn by reading.
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to
death for an iniquitous sentence.
Swift.
6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed
by, or consist of, certain words or characters; as, the
passage reads thus in the early manuscripts.
7. To produce a certain effect when read; as,
that sentence reads queerly.
To read between the lines, to infer something
different from what is plainly indicated; to detect the real
meaning as distinguished from the apparent meaning.
Read, n. [AS. r
counsel, fr. r to counsel. See
Read, v. t.]
1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice;
counsel. See Rede. [Obs.]
2. [Read, v.]
Reading. [Colloq.]
Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a
read.
Furnivall.
Read (?), imp. & p. p. of
Read, v. t. & i.
Read (?), a. Instructed or
knowing by reading; versed in books; learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus.
Addison.
Read"a*ble (?), a. Such as can
be read; legible; fit or suitable to be read; worth reading;
interesting. -- Read"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Read"a*bly,
adv,.
Read`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
state of being readable; readableness.
Re`ad*dress" (?), v. t. To
address a second time; -- often used reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her.
Boyle.
Re`a*dept (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + L. adeptus. p. p. of
adipisci to obtain.] To regain; to
recover. [Obs.]
Re`a*dep"tion (?), n. A
regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Read"er (?), n. [AS.
r.] 1. One who
reads. Specifically: (a) One whose
distinctive office is to read prayers in a church.
(b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who
reads lectures on scientific subjects. Lyell.
(c) A proof reader. (d) One who
reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises regarding
their merit.
2. One who reads much; one who is studious.
3. A book containing a selection of extracts for
exercises in reading; an elementary book for practice in a
language; a reading book.
Read"er*ship, n. The office of
reader.
Lyell.
Read"i*ly (?), adv. 1.
In a ready manner; quickly; promptly.
Chaucer.
2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance;
willingly; cheerfully.
How readily we wish time spent revoked!
Cowper.
Read"i*ness, n. The state or quality of
being ready; preparation; promptness; aptitude;
willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of
mind.
Acts xvii. 11.
Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude;
promptness; aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness;
dexterity; ease; cheerfulness. See Facility.
Read"ing (?), n. 1.
The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written
matter to be read.
2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a
man of extensive reading.
3. A lecture or prelection; public recital.
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law.
Hooker.
4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word
or passage presented by a documentary authority; lection;
version.
5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the
stage; way of rendering. [Cant]
6. An observation read from the scale of a
graduated instrument; as, the reading of a
barometer.
Reading of a bill (Legislation),
its normal recital, by the proper officer, before the House
which is to consider it.
Read"ing, a. 1. Of or
pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading
community.
Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a
reader. -- Reading desk, a desk to support a
book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading the service
in a church. -- Reading glass, a large lens
with more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and
used in reading, etc. -- Reading man, one who
reads much; hence, in the English universities, a close,
industrious student. -- Reading room, a room
appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers,
periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.
Re`ad*journ" (?), v. t. To
adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.
Re`ad*journ"ment (?), n. The
act of readjourning; a second or repeated adjournment.
Re`ad*just" (?), v. t. To
adjust or settle again; to put in a different order or relation;
to rearrange.
Re`ad*just"er (?), n. One who,
or that which, readjusts; in some of the States of the United
States, one who advocates a refunding, and sometimes a partial
repudiation, of the State debt without the consent of the State's
creditors.
Re`ad*just"ment (?), n. A
second adjustment; a new or different adjustment.
Re`ad*mis"sion (?), n. The act
of admitting again, or the state of being readmitted; as, the
readmission fresh air into an exhausted receiver; the
readmission of a student into a seminary.
Re`ad*mit" (?), v. t. To admit
again; to give entrance or access to again.
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye
Gracious to readmit the suppliant.
Milton.
Re`ad*mit"tance (?), n.
Allowance to enter again; a second admission.
Re`a*dopt" (?), v. t. To adopt
again.
Young.
Re`a*dorn" (?), v. t. To adorn
again or anew.
Re`ad*vance" (?), v. i. To
advance again.
Re`ad*vert"en*cy (?), n. The
act of adverting to again, or of reviewing.
[R.]
Norris.
Read"y (?), a.
[Compar. Readier (?);
superl. Readiest.] [AS.
r; akin to D. gereed,
bereid, G. bereit, Goth.
gar\'a0ids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E.
ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf.
Array, 1st Curry.]
1. Prepared for what one is about to do or
experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act
or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the
troops are ready to march; ready for the
journey. \'bdWhen she redy was.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no
delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. \'bdDinner
was ready.\'b8
Fielding.
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are
ready: come unto the marriage.
Matt. xxii. 4.
3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant;
willing; free; inclined; disposed.
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at
Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus.
Acts xxi. 13.
If need be, I am ready to forego
And quit.
Milton.
4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or
perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as,
a ready apprehension; ready wit; a
ready writer or workman. \'bdReady
in devising expedients.\'b8
Macaulay.
Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly.
Sir W. Scott.
5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune;
convenient; near; easy. \'bdThe readiest
way.\'b8
Milton.
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground,
The readiest weapon that his fury found.
Dryden.
6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with
a following infinitive.
My heart is ready to crack.
Shak.
7. (Mil.) A word of command, or a
position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and
held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is,
aim.
All ready, ready in every particular; wholly
equipped or prepared. \'bd[I] am all redy at your
hest.\'b8 Chaucer. -- Ready money,
means of immediate payment; cash. \'bd'Tis all the ready
money fate can give.\'b8 Cowley. -- Ready
reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating
computations, as of interest, prices, etc. -- To make
ready, to make preparation; to get in
readiness.
Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating;
dexterous; apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune;
fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See
Prompt.
Read"y (?), adv. In a state of
preparation for immediate action; so as to need no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed.
Num. xxxii. 17.
Read"y, n. Ready money; cash; --
commonly with the; as, he was supplied with the
ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to
law, or to clear old debts.
Arbuthnot.
Read"y, v. t. To dispose in order.
[Obs.]
Heywood.
Read"y-made` (?), a. Made
already, or beforehand, in anticipation of need; not made to
order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made
jokes.
Read"y-wit`ted (?), a. Having
ready wit.
Re`af*firm" (?), v. t. To
affirm again.
{ Re`af*firm"ance (?),
Re*af`fir*ma"tion (?) } n.
A second affirmation.
Re`af*for"est (?), v. t. To
convert again into the forest, as a region of country.
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion (?), n.
The act or process of converting again into a forest.
Re*a"gent (?), n. (Chem.)
A substance capable of producing with another a reaction,
especially when employed to detect the presence of other bodies;
a test.
Re*ag`gra*va"tion (?), n. (R.
C. Ch.) The last monitory, published after three
admonitions and before the last excommunication.
Re`a*gree" (?), v. t. To agree
again.
Reak (?), n. [Wrack seaweed.] A rush.
[Obs.] \'bdFeeds on reaks and reeds.\'b8
Drant.
Reak, n. [Cf. Icel. hrekkr,
or E. wreak vengeance.] A prank.
[Obs.] \'bdThey play such reaks.\'b8
Beau & Fl.
Re"al (?), n. [Sp., fr.
real royal, L. regalis. See Regal,
and cf. Ree a coin.] A small Spanish silver
coin; also, a denomination of money of account, formerly the unit
of the Spanish monetary system.
real of plate (coin) varied in value
according to the time of its coinage, from 12real
vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five
cents, or 2
Re*al" (?), a. Royal; regal;
kingly. [Obs.] \'bdThe blood real
of Thebes.\'b8
Chaucer.
Re"al (?), a. [LL.
realis, fr. L. res, rei, a
thing: cf. F. r\'82el. Cf. Rebus.]
1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or
imaginary; as, a description of real
life.
Whereat I waked, and found
Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowed.
Milton.
2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or
factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the
real reason; real Madeira wine; real
ginger.<-- split reason from objects. -->
Whose perfection far excelled
Hers in all real dignity.
Milton.
5. Relating to things, not to persons.
[Obs.]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable
of the real part of business.
Bacon.
4. (Alg.) Having an assignable
arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary.
5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed,
permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as,
real property, in distinction from personal or
movable property.
Chattels real (Law), such chattels
as are annexed to, or savor of, the realty, as terms for years of
land. See Chattel. -- Real action
(Law), an action for the recovery of real
property. -- Real assets (Law),
lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable
with the debts of the ancestor. -- Real
composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement made
between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent
of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment
of tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to
the parson in lieu and satisfaction thereof.
Blackstone. -- Real estate property, lands, tenements, and
hereditaments; freehold interests in landed property; property in
houses and land. Kent. Burrill. --
Real presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual
presence of the body and blood of Christ in the eucharist, or the
conversion of the substance of the bread and wine into the real
body and blood of Christ; transubstantiation. In other churches
there is a belief in a form of real presence, not however in the
sense of transubstantiation. -- Real
servitude, called also Predial
servitude (Civil Law), a burden
imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another
proprietor. Erskine. Bouvier.
Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. --
Real, Actual. Real represents a
thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not
imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as
acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing
real, we often say, \'bdIt actually
exists,\'b8 \'bdIt has actually been done.\'b8 Thus
its really is shown by its actually.
Actual, from this reference to being acted,
has recently received a new signification, namely,
present; as, the actual posture of affairs;
since what is now in action, or going on, has, of
course, a present existence. An actual
fact; a real sentiment.
For he that but conceives a crime in thought,
Contracts the danger of an actual fault.
Dryden.
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the
reality of things.
Locke.
<-- p. 1195 -->
Re"al (?), n. A realist.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Re*al"gar (?), n. [F.
r\'82algar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al
gh\'ber powder of the mine.] (Min.)
Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant red color; red
orpiment. It is also an artificial product.
Re"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82alisme.] 1. (Philos.)
(a) An opposed to nominalism, the
doctrine that genera and species are real things or entities,
existing independently of our conceptions. According to realism
the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or
in re (Aristotle). (b)
As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in
sense perception there is an immediate cognition of the external
object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and
representative.
2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to
real life; representation without idealization, and making no
appeal to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.
<-- 3. the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of
the consequences of actions in an objective manner; avoidance of
unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts. Contrasted to
idealism, self-deception, overimaginativeness, or visionariness.
-->
Re"al*ist, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82aliste.] 1. (Philos.)
One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that
generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and
species of things, represent real existences, and are not mere
names, as maintained by the nominalists.
2. (Art. & Lit.) An artist or writer who
aims at realism in his work. See Realism, 2.
<-- 3. a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical beliefs or
efforts. Contrasted to idealist or visionary. -->
Re`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or
pertaining to the realists; in the manner of the realists;
characterized by realism rather than by imagination.
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In the
realistic manner.
Re*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl.
Realities (#). [Cf. F.
r\'82alit\'82, LL. realitas. See 3d
Real. and cf. 2d Realty.] 1.
The state or quality of being real; actual being or
existence of anything, in distinction from mere appearance;
fact.
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in
reality he does not comprehend his meaning.
Addison.
2. That which is real; an actual existence; that
which is not imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has
objective existence, and is not merely an idea.
And to realities yield all her shows.
Milton.
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is reality to
me.
Beattie.
3. [See 1st Realty, 2.]
Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor.
Fuller.
4. (Law) See 2d Realty,
2.
Re"al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable
of being realized.
Re`al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82alisation.] The act of realizing, or
the state of being realized.
Re"al*ize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Realized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Realizing
(?).] [Cf. F.
r\'82aliser.] 1. To make real; to
convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to
bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to
realize a scheme or project.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis,
weighting a single grain against the globe of earth.
Glanvill.
2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind
as actual; to feel vividly or strongly; to make one's own in
apprehension or experience.
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek
inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us.
Jowett.
We can not realize it in thought, that the object .
. . had really no being at any past moment.
Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To convert into real property; to make real
estate of; as, to realize his fortune.
4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as
the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to
realize large profits from a speculation.
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by
diligent thrift realize a good estate.
Macaulay.
5. To convert into actual money; as, to
realize assets.
Re"al*ize, v. t. To convert any kind of
property into money, especially property representing
investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, etc.
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a
word now first brought into use to express the conversion of
ideal property into something real.
W. Irving.
Re"al*i`zer (?), n. One who
realizes.
Coleridge.
Re"al*i`zing (?), a. Serving to
make real, or to impress on the mind as a reality; as, a
realizing view of the danger incurred. --
Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv.
Re`al*lege" (?), v. t. To
allege again.
Cotgrave.
Re`al*li"ance (?), n. A renewed
alliance.
Re"-al*ly" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + ally, v. t.] To bring
together again; to compose or form anew.
Spenser.
Re"al*ly` (?), adv.
Royally. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re"al*ly (?), adv. In a real
manner; with or in reality; actually; in truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of
madness.
Swift.
Really is often used familiarly as a
slight corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old.
Young.
Realm (?), n. [OE.
realme, ream, reaume, OF.
reialme, roialme, F. royaume,
fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L.
regalis royal. See Regal.] 1.
A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the
dominion of a king; a kingdom.
The absolute master of realms on which the sun
perpetually alone.
Motley.
2. Hence, in general, province; region; country;
domain; department; division; as, the realm of
fancy.
Realm"less, a. Destitute of a
realm.
Keats.
Re"al*ness (?), n. The quality
or condition of being real; reality.
Re"al*ty (?), n. [OF.
r\'82alt\'82, LL. regalitas, fr. L.
regalis. See Regal.] 1.
Royalty. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.]
Milton.
Re"al*ty, n. [Contr. from 1st
Reality.] 1. Realty.
[Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the
fixed, permanent nature of real property; as, chattels which
savor of the realty; -- so written in legal
language for reality. (b) Real
estate; a piece of real property.
Blackstone.
Ream (?), n. [AS.
re\'a0m, akin to G. rahm.]
Cream; also, the cream or froth on ale.
[Scot.]
Ream, v. i. To cream; to mantle.
[Scot.]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the
hostess, reamed with excellent claret.
Sir W. Scott.
Ream, v. t. [Cf. Reim.]
To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, threads, or
filaments.
Ream, n. [OE. reme, OF.
rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma),
fr. Ar. rizma a bundle, especially of paper.]
A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, usually consisting
of twenty quires or 480 sheets.<-- now 500 -->
Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires.
[Eng.] A common practice is now to count five
hundred sheets to the ream.
Knight.
Ream, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reaming.] [Cf. G. r\'84umen
to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See
Room.] To bevel out, as the mouth of a hole
in wood or metal; in modern usage, to enlarge or dress out, as a
hole, with a reamer.
Reame (?), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ream"er, n. One who, or that which,
reams; specifically, an instrument with cutting or scraping
edges, used, with a twisting motion, for enlarging a round hole,
as a bore of a cannon, etc.
Re*am`pu*ta"tion (?), n.
(Surg.) The second of two amputations performed
upon the same member.
Re*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To
animate anew; to restore to animation or life; to infuse new
life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; to reinvigorate;
as, to reanimate a drowned person; to
reanimate disheartened troops; to reanimate
languid spirits.
Glanvill.
Re*an"i*ma"tion (?), n. The act
or operation of reanimating, or the state of being reanimated;
reinvigoration; revival.
Re`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex
again or anew; to reunite. \'bdTo reannex that
duchy.\'b8
Bacon.
Re*an`nex*a"tion (?), n. Act of
reannexing.
Re*an"swer (?), v. t. & i. To
answer in return; to repay; to compensate; to make amends
for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would
bow under.
Shak.
Reap (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Raped (?);
p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.]
[OE. repen, AS. r\'c6pan to seize,
reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G.
raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E.
ripe.] 1. To cut with a sickle,
scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by
cutting.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt
not wholly reap the corners of thy field.
Lev.
2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or
harvest, or as the fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a
bad sense; as, to reap a benefit from
exertions.
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing
For peace, reap nothing but repulse and hate?
Milton.
3. To clear or a crop by reaping; as, to
reap a field.
4. To deprive of the beard; to shave.
[R.]
Shak.
Reaping hook, an instrument having a
hook-shaped blade, used in reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific
sense, distinguished from a sickle by a blade keen instead of
serrated.
Reap, v. i. To perform the act or
operation of reaping; to gather a harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.
Ps. cxxvi. 5.
Reap, n. [Cf. AS. r\'c6p
harvest. See Reap, v.] A bundle of
grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is
cut. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Wright.
Reap"er, n. 1. One who
reaps.
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads.
Macaulay.
2. A reaping machine.
Re`ap*par"el (?), v. t. To
clothe again.
Re`ap*pear (?), v. i. To appear
again.
Re`ap*pear"ance (?), v. i. A
second or new appearance; the act or state of appearing
again.
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. The
act of reapplying, or the state of being reapplied.
Re`ap*ply" (?), v. t. & i. To
apply again.
Re`ap*point" (?), v. t. To
appoint again.
Re`ap*point"ment (?), n. The
act of reappointing, or the state of being reappointed.
Re`ap*por"tion (?), v. t. To
apportion again.
Re`ap*por"tion*ment (?), n. A
second or a new apportionment.
Re`ap*proach" (?), v. i. & t.
To approach again or anew.
Rear (?), adv. Early;
soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear!
Gay.
Rear, n. [OF. riere behind,
backward, fr. L. retro. Cf. Arrear.]
1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind,
or last on order; -- opposed to front.
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost.
Milton.
2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which
comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear.
Milton.
Rear, a. Being behind, or in the
hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear rank of a
company.
Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in
rank below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See
Admiral. -- Rear front
(Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when
faced about and standing in that position. -- Rear
guard (Mil.), the division of an army that
marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used also
figuratively. -- Rear line (Mil.),
the line in the rear of an army. -- Rear rank
(Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which
is in the rear, or last in order. -- Rear sight
(Firearms), the sight nearest the breech. --
To bring up the rear, to come last or
behind.
Rear (?), v. t. To place in the
rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]
Rear, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reared (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rearing.] [AS. r
to raise, rear, elevate, for r, causative of
r\'c6san to rise. See Rise, and cf.
Raise.] 1. To raise; to lift up; to
cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to
rear a monolith.
In adoration at his feet I fell
Submiss; he reared me.
Milton.
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts.
Barrow.
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her
banner.
Ld. Lytton.
2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct;
as, to rear defenses or houses; to rear one
government on the ruins of another.
One reared a font of stone.
Tennyson.
3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or
R.]
And having her from Trompart lightly reared,
Upon his set the lovely load.
Spenser.
4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate;
to instruct; to foster; as, to rear
offspring.
He wants a father to protect his youth,
And rear him up to virtue.
Southern.
5. To breed and raise; as, to rear
cattle.
6. To rouse; to strip up. [Obs.]
And seeks the tusky boar to rear.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish.
See the Note under Raise, 3 (c).
Rear, v. i. To rise up on the hind legs,
as a horse; to become erect.
Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse
from lifting his head when rearing.
Knight.
{ Rear"dorse (?), Rear"doss
(?) }, n. A reredos.
Rear"er (?), n. One he, or that
which, rears.
Re*ar"gue (?), v. t. To argue
anew or again.
Re*ar"gu*ment (?), n. An
arguing over again, as of a motion made in court.
Rear"-horse` (?), n. [So called
because it rears up when disturbed.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mantis.
Rear"ly, adv. Early.
[Obs.]
Beau. & Ft.
Rear"most` (?), a. Farthest in
the rear; last.
{ Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse` (?)
}, n. [AS. hr;
probably fr. hr to agitate, stir (akin to G.
r\'81hren, Icel. hr\'91ra) +
m mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) The
leather-winged bat (Vespertilio murinus).
[Written also reermouse.]
Re`ar*range" (?), v. t. To
arrange again; to arrange in a different way.
Re`ar*range"ment (?), n. The
act of rearranging, or the state of being rearranged.
Rear"ward`, n. [Rear +
ward.] The last troop; the rear of an army;
a rear guard. Also used figuratively.
Shak.
Rear"ward (?), a. & adv. At or
toward the rear.
Re`as*cend" (?), v. i. To rise,
mount, or climb again.
Re`as*cend", v. t. To ascend or mount
again; to reach by ascending again.
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies.
Addison.
Re`as*cen"sion (?), n. The act
of reascending; a remounting.
Re`as*cent" (?), n. A returning
ascent or ascension; acclivity.
Cowper.
Rea"son (?), n. [OE.
resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio
(akin to Goth. rapj number, account,
garapjan to count, G. rede speech,
reden to speak), fr. reri,
ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf.
Arraign, Rate, Ratio,
Ration.] 1. A thought or a
consideration offered in support of a determination or an
opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which
is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of
an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a
determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a
conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of
argument.
I'll give him reasons for it.
Shak.
The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel
watch is by the motion of the next wheel.
Sir M. Hale.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the
church was called \'bdcatholic.\'b8
Bp. Pearson.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a
natural and eternal reason for that goodness and
virtue, and against vice and wickedness.
Tillotson.
2. The faculty of capacity of the human mind by
which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior
animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive
faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the
feelings and desires. Reason comprises conception,
judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically,
it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as
distinguished from the understanding, which is called the
discursive or ratiocinative faculty.
We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything
divine or human, but by our five senses and our
reason.
P. Browne.
In common and popular discourse, reason denotes
that power by which we distinguish truth from falsehood, and
right from wrong, and by which we are enabled to combine means
for the attainment of particular ends.
Stewart.
Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of
those powers which elevate man above the brutes, and constitute
his rational nature, more especially, perhaps, his intellectual
powers; sometimes to express the power of deduction or
argumentation.
Stewart.
By the pure reason I mean the power by which we
become possessed of principles.
Coleridge.
The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar
operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized
understanding, comprehends.
Coleridge.
<-- p. 1196 -->
3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty;
accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by,
the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear
and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated
or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct;
right; propriety; justice.
I was promised, on a time,
To have reason for my rhyme.
Spenser.
But law in a free nation hath been ever public
reason; the enacted reason of a parliament,
which he denying to enact, denies to govern us by that which
ought to be our law; interposing his own private
reason, which to us is no law.
Milton.
The most probable way of bringing France to reason
would be by the making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies.
Addison.
4. (Math.) Ratio; proportion.
[Obs.]
Barrow.
By reason of, by means of; on account of;
because of. \'bdSpain is thin sown of people, partly by
reason of the sterility of the soil.\'b8 Bacon.
In reason, In all reason, in justice;
with rational ground; in a right view.
When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of
that kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to
doubt of its existence.
Tillotson.
-- It is reason, it is reasonable; it is
right. [Obs.]
Yet it were great reason, that those
that have children should have greatest care of future times.
Bacon.
Syn. -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle;
sake; account; object; purpose; design. See Motive,
Sense.
Rea"son (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reasoned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reasoning.] [Cf. F.
raisonner. See Reason, n.]
1. To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce
inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or
of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a
systematic comparison of facts.
2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of
induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and
set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to
argue.
Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the
Lord, of all the righteous acts of the Lord.
1 Sam. xii. 7.
3. To converse; to compare opinions.
Shak.
Rea"son, v. t. 1. To arrange
and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by
arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the
matter with my friend.
When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well
reasoned in every part, there is beauty in such a
theory.
T. Burnet.
2. To support with reasons, as a request.
[R.]
Shak.
3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to
reason one into a belief; to reason one out of
his plan.
Men that will not be reasoned into their
senses.
L'Estrange.
4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; --
with down; as, to reason down a
passion.
5. To find by logical process; to explain or
justify by reason or argument; -- usually with out;
as, to reason out the causes of the librations of
the moon.
Rea"son*a*ble (?), a. [OE.
resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L.
rationabilis. See Reason, n.]
1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with
reason; rational; as, a reasonable being.
2. Governed by reason; being under influence of
reason; thinking, speaking or acting rationally, or according to
the dictates of reason; agreeable to reason; just; rational;
as, the measure must satisfy all reasonable
men.
By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of
any reasonable cause of doubting.
Bp. Wilkins.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable.
Burke.
3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits;
proper; as, a reasonable demand, amount,
price.
Let . . . all things be thought upon
That may, with reasonable swiftness, add
More feathers to you wings.
Shak.
Syn. -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable;
moderate; tolerable. See Rational.
Rea"son*a*ble, adv. Reasonable;
tolerably. [Obs.]
I have a reasonable good ear in music.
Shak.
Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
reasonable.
Rea"son*a*bly, adv. 1. In a
reasonable manner.
2. Moderately; tolerably.
\'bdReasonably perfect in the language.\'b8
Holder.
Rea"son*er (?), n. One who
reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a close
reasoner; a logical reasoner.
Rea"son*ing, n. 1. The act or
process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of presenting
one's reasons.
2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or
reasons when arranged and developed; course of argument.
His reasoning was sufficiently profound.
Macaulay.
Syn. -- Argumentation; argument. --
Reasoning, Argumentation. Few words are more
interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a
difference between them. Reasoning is the broader
term, including both deduction and induction.
Argumentation denotes simply the former, and descends
from the whole to some included part; while reasoning
embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See
Induction. Reasoning is occupied with ideas
and their relations; argumentation has to do with the
forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I defend it;
you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I destroy your
distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your objections.
Such is argumentation. It supposes that there are two
sides, and that both agree to the same rules.
Reasoning, on the other hand, is often a natural
process, by which we form, from the general analogy of nature, or
special presumptions in the case, conclusions which have greater
or less degrees of force, and which may be strengthened or
weakened by subsequent experience.
Rea"son*ist, n. A rationalist.
[Obs.]
Such persons are now commonly called
\'bdreasonists\'b8 and
\'bdrationalists,\'b8 to distinguish them from true
reasoners and rational inquirers.
Waterland.
Rea"son*less, a. 1. Destitute
of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind.
Shak.
2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by
reason; unreasonable.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless.
Shak.
Re`as*sem"blage (?), n.
Assemblage a second time or again.
Re`as*sem"ble (?), v. t. & i.
To assemble again.
Re`as*sert" (?), v. t. To
assert again or anew; to maintain after an omission to do
so.
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will
reassert our claim to respectability in
literature.
Walsh.
Re`as*ser"tion (?), n. A second
or renewed assertion of the same thing.
Re`as*sess"ment (?), n. A
renewed or second assessment.
Re`as*sign" (?), v. t. To
assign back or again; to transfer back what has been
assigned.
Re`as*sign"ment (?), n. The act
of reassigning.
Re`as*sim"i*late (?), v. t. & i.
To assimilate again. --
Re`as*sim`i*la"tion (#),
n.
Re`as*so"ci*ate (?), v. t. & i.
To associate again; to bring again into close
relatoins.
Re`as*sume" (?), v. t. To
assume again or anew; to resume. --
Re`as*sump"tion (#),
n.
Re`as*sur"ance (?), n. 1.
Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated.
Prynne.
2. (Law) Same as
Reinsurance.
Re`as*sure" (?), v. t. 1.
To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear
or terror.
They rose with fear, . . .
Till dauntless Pallas reassured the rest.
Dryden.
2. To reinsure.
Re`as*sur"er (?), n. One who
reassures.
Reas"ty (?), a. [Etymol.
uncertain.] Rusty and rancid; -- applied to salt
meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. --
Reas"ti*ness (#), n.
[Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Re*a"ta (?), n. [Sp.]
A lariat.
Re`at*tach (?), v. t. To attach
again.<-- the object reattached may have been an integral
part which had never been "attached" (trans), e.g., to reattach a
severed finger. -->
Re`at*tach"ment (?), n. The act
of reattaching; a second attachment.
Re`at*tain" (?), v. t. To
attain again.
Re`at*tain"ment (?), n. The act
of reattaining.
Re`at*tempt" (?), v. t. To
attempt again.
Re`aume (?), n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
R\'82`au`mur" (?), a. Of or
pertaining to Ren\'82 Antoine Ferchault de R\'82aumur;
conformed to the scale adopted by R\'82aumur in graduating the
thermometer he invented. -- n. A
R\'82aumur thermometer or scale.
R\'82aumur thermometer is so
graduated that 0Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See
Illust. of Thermometer.
Reave (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reaved (?),
Reft (, or Raft (
(obs.); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reaving.] [AS. re\'a0fian,
from re\'a0f spoil, plunder, clothing,
re\'a2fan to break (cf. bire\'a2fan to
deprive of); akin to G. rauben to rob, Icel.
raufa to rob, rj to break, violate,
Goth. bir\'a0ubon to despoil, L. rumpere to
break; cf. Skr. lup to break. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe,
Rove, v. t., Rupture.] To
take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to
despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. \'bdTo
reave his life.\'b8
Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon.
Chaucer.
By privy stratagem my life at home.
Chapman.
<-- #sic. Obviously, something left out of this quote. -->
To reave the orphan of his patrimony.
Shak.
The heaven caught and reft him of his tongue.
Tennyson.
Reav"er (?), n. One who
reaves. [Archaic]
Re`a*wake" (?), v. i. To awake
again.
Re*ban"ish (?), v. t. To banish
again.
Re*bap"tism (?), n. A second
baptism.
Re*bap`ti*sa"tion, n. [Cf. F.
rebaptisation.] A second baptism.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
Re`bap*tize" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + baptist: of F. rebaptiser,
L. rebaptizare.] To baptize again or a
second time.
Re`bap*tiz"er (?), n. One who
rebaptizes.
Re*bar"ba*rize (?), v. t. To
reduce again to barbarism. --
Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion (#),
n.
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology
and religious wars.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Re*bate" (?), v. t. [F.
rebattre to beat again; pref re- re- +
battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike.
See Abate.] 1. To beat to
obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the
point of, as a lance used for exercise.
But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge.
Shak.
2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as
interest due, or customs duties.
Blount.
<-- 2 (b). To return a portion of a sum paid, as a method of
discounting. -->
Rebated cross, a cross which has the
extremities of the arms bent back at right angles, as in the
fylfot.
Re*bate", v. i. To abate; to
withdraw. [Obs.]
Foxe.
Re*bate", n. 1.
Diminution.
2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as,
a rebate of interest for immediate payment; a
rebate of importation duties.
Bouvier.
<-- 2 (b). A portion of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as
a method of discounting. The rebate is sometimes returned by the
manufacturer, after the full price is paid to the retailer by the
purchaser. -->
Re*bate", n. [See
Rabbet.] 1. (Arch.) A
restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the corner or
edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet.
2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and
serving to beat out mortar.
Elmes.
3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel,
and used for dressing and polishing wood.
Elmes.
4. [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of
hard freestone used in making pavements. [R.]
Elmes.
Re*bate", v. t. To cut a rebate in. See
Rabbet, v.
Re*bate"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF.
rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish, F.
rabatre.] Same as 3d Rebate,
v.
Re*ba"to (?), n. Same as
Rabato.
Burton.
Re"bec (?), n. [F., fr. It.
ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rab\'beb
a musical instrument of a round form.] 1.
(Mus.) An instrument formerly used which somewhat
resembled the violin, having three strings, and being played with
a bow. [Written also rebeck.]
Milton.
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note.
Drayton.
2. A contemptuous term applied to an old
woman. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reb"el (?), a. [F.
rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See
Rebel, v. t.] Pertaining to rebels
or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as,
rebel troops.
Whoso be rebel to my judgment.
Chaucer.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law.
Milton.
Reb"el, n. [F.
rebelle.] One who rebels.
Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent. --
Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an
early, and rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition
to government. The former rises up against his rulers, the latter
makes war upon them.
Re*bel" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rebelled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebelling.] [F. rebeller,
fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref.
re- again + bellare to make war, fr.
bellum war. See Bellicose, and cf.
Revel to carouse.] 1. To renounce,
and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or government to
which one owes obedience. See Rebellion.
The murmur and the churl's rebelling.
Chaucer.
Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel
this day against the Lord.
Josh. xxii. 16.
2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a
hostile or insubordinate attitude; to revolt.
Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart?
How could you heart rebel against your reason?
Dryden.
Reb"el*dom (?), n. A region
infested by rebels; rebels, considered collectively; also,
conduct o
Thackeray.
Re*bel"ler (?), n. One who
rebels; a rebel.
Re*bel"lion (?), n. [F.
r\'82bellion, L. rebellio. See
Rebel, v. t. Among the Romans rebellion was
originally a revolt or open resistance to their government by
nations that had been subdued in war. It was a renewed
war.] 1. The act of rebelling; open and
avowed renunciation of the authority of the government to which
one owes obedience, and resistances to its officers and laws,
either by levying war, or by aiding others to do so; an organized
uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or overthrowing
their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt;
insurrection.
No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed
than men of desperate principles resort to it.
Ames.
2. Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful
authority.
Commission of rebellion (Eng. Law),
a process of contempt on the nonappearance of a defendant, --
non abolished.
Wharton. Burrill.
Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances;
contumacy. See Insurrection.
Re*bel"lious (?), a. Engaged in
rebellion; disposed to rebel of the nature of rebels or of
rebellion; resisting government or lawful authority by
force. \'bdThy rebellious crew.\'b8 \'bdProud
rebellious arms.\'b8 Milton. --
Re*bel"lious*ly, adv. --
Re*bel"lious*ness, n.
Re*bel"low (?), v. i. To bellow
again; to repeat or echo a bellow.
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook.
Dryden.
Re*bit"ing (?), n.
(Etching) The act or process of deepening worn
lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action if
acid.
Fairholt.
Re*bloom" (?), v. i. To bloom
again.
Crabbe.
Re*blos"som (?), v. i. To
blossom again.
Re*bo"ant (?), a. [L.
reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref.
re- re- + boare to cry aloud.]
Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Re`bo*a"tion (?), n. Repetition
of a bellow. [R.]
Bp. Patrick.
Re*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref.
re- + boil: cf. F.
rebouillir.] 1. To boil, or to
cause to boil, again.
2. Fig.: To make or to become hot.
[Obs.]
Some of his companions thereat reboyleth.
Sir T. Elyot.
Re*born" (?), p. p. Born
again.
Re*bound" (?), v. i. [Pref.
re- + bound: cf. F.
rebondir.] 1. To spring back; to
start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic force on
collision with another body; as, a rebounding
echo.
Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of
elasticity, will not rebound from one another.
Sir I. Newton.
2. To give back an echo. [R.]
T. Warton.
3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse.
Pope.
Rebounding lock (Firearms), one in
which the hammer rebounds to half cock after striking the cap or
primer.
Re*bound", v. t. To send back; to
reverberate.
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound.
Dryden.
Re*bound", n. The act of rebounding;
resilience.
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift
rebound.
Dryden.
Re*brace" (?), v. t. To brace
again.
Gray.
Re*breathe" (?), v. t. To
breathe again.
Re*bu"cous (?), a.
Rebuking. [Obs.]
She gave unto him many rebucous words.
Fabyan.
Re*buff" (?), n. [It.
ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse;
pref. ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff.
Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]
1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and
sudden resistance.
The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud.
Milton.
2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat;
refusal; repellence; rejection of solicitation.
Re*buff", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rebuffed (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rebuffing.] To beat back; to
offer sudden resistance to; to check; to repel or repulse
violently, harshly, or uncourteously.
Re*build" (?), v. t. To build
again, as something which has been demolished; to construct anew;
as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf, or a
city.
Re*build"er (?), n. One who
rebuilds.
Bp. Bull.
Re*buk"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of
rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible.
Shak.
Re*buke" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rebuked
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebuking.] [OF. rebouquier
to dull, blunt, F. reboucher; perhaps fr. pref.
re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also
bouque, L. bucca cheek; if so, the original
sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, obstruct.]
To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by
expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily;
to chide; to reprove; to admonish.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered,
Nor to rebuke the rich offender feared.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain;
silence. See Reprove.
<-- p. 1197 -->
Re*buke" (?), n. 1. A
direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement;
punishment.
For thy sake I have suffered rebuke.
Jer. xv. 15.
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not?
Shak.
2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.]
L'Estrange.
To be without rebuke, to live without giving
cause of reproof or censure; to be blameless.
Re*buke"ful (?), a. Containing
rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. [Obs.] --
Re*buke"ful*ly, adv.
[Obs.]
Re*buk"er (?), n. One who
rebukes.
Re*buk"ing*ly, adv. By way of
rebuke.
Re`bul*li"tion (?), n. The act
of boiling up or effervescing. [R.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*bur"y (?), v. t. To bury
again.
Ashmole.
Re"bus (?), n.; pl.
Rebuses (#). [L. rebus
by things, abl. pl. of res a thing: cf. F.
r\'82bus. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of res a
thing: cf. F. r\'82bus. Cf. 3d Real.]
1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by
pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or the
syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation
of words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of
such representations.
Rose
Hill, had, embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye,
a loaf, and a well, signifying, Rose Hill I love
well.
2. (Her.) A pictorial suggestion on a
coat of arms of the name of the person to whom it belongs. See
Canting arms, under Canting.
Re"bus, v. t. To mark or indicate by a
rebus.
He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with
More in text and Tun under it.
Fuller.
Re*but" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rebutted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rebutting.] [OF.
reb to repulse, drive back; pref.
re- + bouter to push, thrust. See 1st
Butt, Boutade.]
1. To drive or beat back; to repulse.
Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight,
Perforce rebutted back.
Spenser.
2. (Law) To contradict, meet, or oppose
by argument, plea, or countervailing proof.
Abbott.
Re*but", v. i. 1. To retire; to
recoil. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. (Law) To make, or put in, an answer,
as to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.
The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on
which the defendant.
Blackstone.
Re*but"ta*ble (?), a. Capable
of being rebutted.
Re*but"tal (?), n. (Law)
The giving of evidence on the part of a plaintiff to destroy
the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant in the same
suit.
Re*but"ter (?), n. (Law)
The answer of a defendant in matter of fact to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
Re*ca"den*cy (?), n. A falling
back or descending a second time; a relapse.
W. Montagu.
Re*cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L.
recalcitrans, p. pr. of recalcitrare to
kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to
kick, fr. calx heel. Cf. Inculcate.]
Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or
opposition; refractory.
Re*cal"ci*trate (?), v. t. To
kick against; to show repugnance to; to rebuff.
The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and
recalcitrate his tricks.
De Quincey.
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. i. To kick back; to
kick against anything; hence, to express repugnance or
opposition.
Re*cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. A
kicking back again; opposition; repugnance; refractoriness.
Re*call" (?), v. t. 1.
To call back; to summon to return; as, to
recall troops; to recall an
ambassador.
2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take
back; to withdraw; as, to recall words, or a
decree.
Passed sentence may not be recall'd.
Shak.
3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to
recollect; to remember; as, to recall bygone
days.
Re*call", n. 1. A calling back;
a revocation.
'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past
recall.
Dryden.
2. (Mil.) A call on the trumpet, bugle,
or drum, by which soldiers are recalled from duty, labor,
etc.
Wilhelm.
Re*call"a*ble (?), a. Capable
of being recalled.
Re*call"ment (?), n.
Recall. [R.]
R. Browning.
Re*cant" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recanted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recanting.] [L.
recantare, recantatum, to recall, recant;
pref. re- re- + cantare to sing, to sound.
See 3d Cant, Chant.] To withdraw or
repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to
contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to
retract; to recall.
How soon . . . ease would recant
Vows made in pain, as violent and void!
Milton.
Syn. -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow.
See Renounce.
Re*cant", v. i. To revoke a declaration
or proposition; to unsay what has been said; to retract; as,
convince me that I am wrong, and I will
recant.
Dryden.
Re`can*ta"tion (?), n. The act
of recanting; a declaration that contradicts a former one; that
which is thus asserted in contradiction; retraction.
The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to
make a public recantation.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Re*cant"er (?), n. One who
recants.
Re`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. To
qualify again; to confer capacity on again.
Atterbury.
Re*ca*pit"u*late (?), v. t. [L.
recapitulare, recapitulatum; pref.
re- re- + capitulum a small head, chapter,
section. See Capitulate.] To repeat, as the
principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to give a
summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to
relate in brief; to summarize.
Re`ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i. To
sum up, or enumerate by heads or topics, what has been previously
said; to repeat briefly the substance.
Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n.
[LL. recapitulatio: cf. F.
recapitulation.] The act of recapitulating;
a summary, or concise statement or enumeration, of the principal
points, facts, or statements, in a preceding discourse, argument,
or essay.
Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n. One
who recapitulates.
Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Of
the nature of a recapitulation; containing recapitulation.
Re*cap"per (?), n.
(Firearms) A tool used for applying a fresh
percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading
it.
Re*cap"tion (?), n. (Law)
The act of retaking, as of one who has escaped after arrest;
reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, chattels, wife, or
children, without force or violence, from one who has taken them
and who wrongfully detains them.
Blackstone.
Writ of recaption (Law), a writ to
recover damages for him whose goods, being distrained for rent or
service, are distrained again for the same
cause.Wharton.
Re*cap"tor (?), n. One who
recaptures; one who takes a prize which had been previously
taken.
Re*cap"ture (?; 135), n. 1.
The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially,
the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.
2. That which is captured back; a prize
retaken.
Re*cap"ture, v. t. To capture again; to
retake.
Re*car"bon*ize (?), v. t.
(Metal.) To restore carbon to; as, to
recarbonize iron in converting it into steel.
Re*car"ni*fy (?), v. t. To
convert again into flesh. [Obs.]
Howell.
Re*car"riage (?), n. Act of
carrying back.
Re*car"ry (?), v. t. To carry
back.
Walton.
Re*cast" (?), v. t. 1.
To throw again.
Florio.
2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new
from a shape; to reconstruct; as, to recast cannon;
to recast an argument or a play.
3. To compute, or cast up, a second time.
Rec"che (?), v. i. To
reck. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rec"che*les (?), a.
Reckless. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*cede" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Receded; p. pr.
& vb. n. Receding.] [L.
recedere, recessum; pref. re-
re- + cedere to go, to go along: cf. F.
rec\'82der. See Cede.] 1.
To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
Like the hollow roar
Of tides receding from the instituted shore.
Dryden.
All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from
the center.
Bentley.
2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to
relinquish what had been proposed or asserted; as, to
recede from a demand or proposition.
Syn. -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw;
desist.
Re*cede" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + cede. Cf. Recede, v.
t.] To cede back; to grant or yield again to a
former possessor; as, to recede conquered
territory.
Re*ceipt" (?), n. [OE.
receite, OF. recete, recepte, F.
recette, fr. L. recipere,
receptum, to receive. See Receive.]
1. The act of receiving; reception. \'bdAt
the receipt of your letter.\'b8
Shak.
2. Reception, as an act of hospitality.
[Obs.]
Thy kind receipt of me.
Chapman.
3. Capability of receiving; capacity.
[Obs.]
It has become a place of great receipt.
Evelyn.
4. Place of receiving. [Obs.]
He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt
of custom.
Matt. ix. 9.
5. Hence, a recess; a retired place.
[Obs.] \'bdIn a retired receipt together
lay.\'b8
Chapman.
6. A formulary according to the directions of which
things are to be taken or combined; a recipe; as, a
receipt for making sponge cake.
She had a receipt to make white hair black.
Sir T. Browne.
7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving
of goods delivered; an acknowledgment of money paid.
8. That which is received; that which comes in, in
distinction from what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the
like; -- usually in the plural; as, the receipts
amounted to a thousand dollars.
Cross receipts. See under Gross,
a.
Re*ceipt", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Receipted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Receipting.] 1. To give a
receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a
sheriff.
2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping;
as, to receipt a bill.
Re*ceipt", v. i. To give a receipt, as
for money paid.
Re*ceipt"ment (?), n. (O. Eng.
Law) The receiving or harboring a felon knowingly,
after the commission of a felony.
Burrill.
Re*ceipt"or (?), n. One who
receipts; specifically (Law), one who receipts for
property which has been taken by the sheriff.
Re*ceit" (?), n. Receipt.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The
quality of being receivable; receivableness.
Re*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F.
recevable.] Capable of being
received. -- Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness,
n.
Bills receivable. See under 6th
Bill.
Re*ceive" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Received
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Receiving.] [OF. receiver,
recevoir, F. recevoir, fr. L.
recipere; pref. re- re- + capere
to take, seize. See See Capable, Heave, and cf.
Receipt, Reception, Recipe.]
1. To take, as something that is offered, given,
committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; as, to
receive money offered in payment of a debt; to
receive a gift, a message, or a letter.
Receyven all in gree that God us sent.
Chaucer.
2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into
the mind by assent to; to give admission to; to accept, as an
opinion, notion, etc.; to embrace.
Our hearts receive your warnings.
Shak.
The idea of solidity we receives by our touch.
Locke.
3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like;
to give credence or acceptance to.
Many other things there be which they have received
to hold, as the washing of cups, and pots.
Mark vii. 4.
4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as
into one's house, presence, company, and the like; as, to
receive a lodger, visitor, ambassador, messenger,
etc.
They kindled a fire, and received us every one.
Acts xxviii. 2.
5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to
have capacity fro; to be able to take in.
The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to
receive the burnt offerings.
1 Kings viii. 64.
6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be
subjected to; as, to receive pleasure or pain; to
receive a wound or a blow; to receive
damage.
Against his will he can receive no harm.
Milton.
7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be
stolen.
8. (Lawn Tennis) To bat back (the ball)
when served.
Receiving ship, one on board of which newly
recruited sailors are received, and kept till drafted for
service.
Syn. -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit.
-- Receive, Accept. To
receive describes simply the act of taking. To
accept denotes the taking with approval, or for the
purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we
receive a letter when it comes to hand; we
receive news when it reaches us; we accept
a present when it is offered; we accept an invitation
to dine with a friend.
Who, if we knew
What we receive, would either not accept
Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down.
Milton.
Re*ceive" (?), v. i. 1.
To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; as,
she receives on Tuesdays.
2. (Lawn Tennis) To return, or bat back,
the ball when served; as, it is your turn to
receive.
Re*ceiv"ed*ness, n. The state or quality
of being received, accepted, or current; as, the
receivedness of an opinion.
Boyle.
Re*ceiv"er (?), n. [Cf. F.
receveur.] 1. One who takes or
receives in any manner.
2. (Law) A person appointed, ordinarily
by a court, to receive, and hold in trust, money or other
property which is the subject of litigation, pending the suit; a
person appointed to take charge of the estate and effects of a
corporation, and to do other acts necessary to winding up its
affairs, in certain cases.
Bouvier.
3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief,
knowing them to be stolen.
Blackstone.
4. (Chem.) (a) A vessel
connected with an alembic, a retort, or the like, for receiving
and condensing the product of distillation. (b)
A vessel for receiving and containing gases.
5. (Pneumatics) The glass vessel in
which the vacuum is produced, and the objects of experiment are
put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. Bell jar, and
see Illust. of Air pump.
6. (Steam Engine) (a) A vessel
for receiving the exhaust steam from the high-pressure cylinder
before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a compound
engine. (b) A capacious vessel for receiving
steam from a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an
engine.
7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or
similar system, at which the message is received and made
audible; -- opposed to transmitter.
Exhausted receiver (Physics), a
receiver, as that used with the air pump, from which the air has
been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of which is a more or less
complete vacuum.
Re*ceiv"er*ship, n. The state or office
of a receiver.
Re*cel"e*brate (?), v. t. To
celebrate again, or anew. --
Re*cel`e*bra"tion (#),
n.
Re"cen*cy (?), n. [LL.
recentia, fr. L. recens. See
Recent.] The state or quality of being
recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness in time;
freshness; as, the recency of a transaction, of a
wound, etc.
Re*cense" (?), v. t. [L.
recensere; pref. re- again +
censere to value, estimate: cf. F.
recenser.] To review; to revise.
[R.]
Bentley.
Re*cen"sion (?), n. [L.
recensio: cf. F. recension.]
1. The act of reviewing or revising; review;
examination; enumeration.
Barrow.
2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an
ancient author) by an editor; critical revisal and
establishment.
3. The result of such a work; a text established by
critical revision; an edited version.
Re*cen"sion*ist, n. One who makes
recensions; specifically, a critical editor.
Re"cent (?), a. [L.
recens, -entis: cf. F.
r\'82cent.] 1. Of late origin,
existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date,
antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn
out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as,
recent news.
The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of
that country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the
mud discharged into the neighboring sea by the Nile.
Woodward.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the
present or existing epoch; as, recent
shells.
Re*cen"ter (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + center.] To center again;
to restore to the center.
Coleridge.
Re"cent*ly (?), adv. Newly;
lately; freshly; not long since; as, advices
recently received.
Re"cent*ness, n. Quality or state of
being recent.
Re*cep"ta*cle (?), n. [F.
r\'82ceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr.
receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to
receive. See Receive.] 1. That which
serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing something, as a
basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.
O sacred receptacle of my joys!
Shak.
2. (Bot.) (a) The apex of the
flower stalk, from which the organs of the flower grow, or into
which they are inserted. See Illust. of
Flower, and Ovary. (b) The
dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a common support to a
head of flowers. (c) An intercellular cavity
containing oil or resin or other matters. (d)
A special branch which bears the fructification in many
cryptogamous plants.
<-- p. 1198 -->
Rec`ep*tac"u*lar (?), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82ceptaculaire.] (Bot.)
Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the
receptacular chaff or scales in the
sunflower.
\'d8Rec`ep*tac"u*lum (?), n.;
pl. Receptacula (#).
[L.] (Anat.) A receptacle; as, the
receptaculum of the chyle.
Rec"ep*ta*ry (?), a. Generally
or popularly admitted or received. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Rec"ep*ta*ry, n. That which is
received. [Obs.] \'bdReceptaries of
philosophy.\'b8
Sir T. Browne.
Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being receptible;
receivableness.
2. A receptible thing. [R.]
Glanvill.
Re*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L.
receptibilis.] Such as may be received;
receivable.
Re*cep"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82ception, L. receptio, fr.
recipere, receptum. See
Receive.] 1. The act of receiving;
receipt; admission; as, the reception of food into
the stomach; the reception of a letter; the
reception of sensation or ideas; reception of
evidence.
2. The state of being received.
3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of
receiving visitors; entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony
of receiving guests; as, a hearty reception; an
elaborate reception.
What reception a poem may find.
Goldsmith.
4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.
Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their
countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common
reception countenanced.
Locke.
5. A retaking; a recovery.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Re*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82ceptif. See Receive.] Having
the quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb,
hold, or contain; receiving or containing; as, a
receptive mind.
Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies.
Glanvill.
Re*cep"tive*ness, n. The quality of
being receptive.
Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82ceptivit\'82.] 1. The state
or quality of being receptive.
2. (Kantian Philos.) The power or
capacity of receiving impressions, as those of the external
senses.
Re*cep"to*ry (?; 277), n. [Cf.
F. receptorium a place of shelter.]
Receptacle. [Obs.]
Holland.
Re*cess" (?), n. [L.
recessus, fr. recedere,
recessum. See Recede.] 1.
A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as,
the recess of the tides.
Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and
degradation from rationality.
South.
My recess hath given them confidence that I may be
conquered.
Eikon Basilike.
2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion;
privacy.
In the recess of the jury they are to consider the
evidence.
Sir M. Hale.
Good verse recess and solitude requires.
Dryden.
3. Remission or suspension of business or
procedure; intermission, as of a legislative body, court, or
school.
The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six
weeks.
Macaulay.
4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the
wall, as an alcove, niche, etc.
A bed which stood in a deep recess.
W. Irving.
5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or
seclusion.
Departure from his happy place, our sweet
Recess, and only consolation left.
Milton.
6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the
difficulties and recesses of science.
I. Watts.
7. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A sinus.
Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recessing.] To make a recess in;
as, to recess a wall.
Re*cess", n. [G.] A decree of
the imperial diet of the old German empire.
Brande & C.
Re*cessed" (?), a. 1.
Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed
arch or wall.
2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.]
\'bdComfortably recessed from curious
impertinents.\'b8
Miss Edgeworth.
Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a
series of arches constructed one within another so as to
correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the
like.
Re*ces"sion (?), n. [L.
recessio, fr. recedere,
recessum. See Recede.] The act of
receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a
demand.
South.
Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of
justice.
Jer. Taylor.
Re*ces"sion, n. [Pref. re- +
cession.] The act of ceding back;
restoration; repeated cession; as, the recession of
conquered territory to its former sovereign.
Re*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or
pertaining to recession or withdrawal.
Recessional hymn, a hymn sung in a procession
returning from the choir to the robing room.
Re*ces"sive (?), a. Going back;
receding.
Re"chab*ite (?), n. (Jewish
Hist.) One of the descendants of Jonadab, the son of
Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the use of
intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine.
Jer. xxxv. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a
member of a certain society of abstainers from alcoholic
liquors.
Re*change" (?), v. t. & i. To
change again, or change back.
Re*charge" (?), v. t. & i.
[Pref. re- + charge: cf. F.
recharger.] 1. To charge or accuse
in return.
2. To attack again; to attack anew.
Dryden.
Re*char"ter (?), n. A second
charter; a renewal of a charter.
D. Webster.
Re*char"ter, v. t. To charter again or
anew; to grant a second or another charter to.
Re*chase" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + chase: cf. F.
rechasser.] To chase again; to chase or
drive back.
Re*cheat" (?), n. [F.
requ\'88t\'82, fr. requ\'88ter to hunt
anew. See Request.] (Sporting) A
strain given on the horn to call back the hounds when they have
lost track of the game.
Re*cheat", v. i. To blow the
recheat.
Drayton.
\'d8Re*cher`ch\'82" (?), a.
[F.] Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of rare
quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in
kind.
Rech"less (?), a.
Reckless. [Obs.]
P. Plowman.
Re*choose" (?), v. t. To choose
again.
Re*cid"i*vate (?), v. i. [LL.
recidivare. See Recidivous.] To
baskslide; to fall again. [Obs.]
Re*cid`i*va"tion (?), n. [LL.
recidivatio.] A falling back; a
backsliding.
Hammond.
Re*cid"i*vous (?), a. [L.
r, fr. recidere to fall
back.] Tending or liable to backslide or
r
Rec"i*pe (?), n.; pl.
Recipes (#). [L., imperative of
recipere to take back, take in, receive. See
Receive.] A formulary or prescription for
making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a
receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine.
<-- now esp. a prescription (set of directions) for preparing
food -->
Re*cip"i*an`gle (?), n. [L.
recipere to take + angulus angle.]
An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one
end, and a graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for
measuring and laying off angles of fortifications.
{ Re*cip"i*ence (?),
Re*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n.
The quality or state of being recipient; a receiving;
reception; receptiveness.
Re*cip"i*ent (?), n. [L.
recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of
recipere to receive: cf. F. r\'82cipient.
See Receive.] A receiver; the person or thing
that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything is given
or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still.
Re*cip"i*ent, a. Receiving;
receptive.
Re*cip"ro*cal (?), a. [L.
reciprocus; of unknown origin.] 1.
Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.
2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or
interchanged; given and received; due from each to each; mutual;
as, reciprocal love; reciprocal
duties.
Let our reciprocal vows be remembered.
Shak.
3. Mutually interchangeable.
These two rules will render a definition reciprocal
with the thing defined.
I. Watts.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; -- applied to
pronouns and verbs, but sometimes limited to such pronouns as
express mutual action.
5. (Math.) Used to denote different
kinds of mutual relation; often with reference to the
substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. See the Phrases
below.
Reciprocal equation (Math.), one
which remains unchanged in form when the reciprocal of the
unknown quantity is substituted for that quantity. --
Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures
of the same kind (as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so
related that two sides of the one form the extremes of a
proportion of which the means are the two corresponding sides of
the other; in general, two figures so related that the first
corresponds in some special way to the second, and the second
corresponds in the same way to the first. -- Reciprocal
proportion (Math.), a proportion such that,
of four terms taken in order, the first has to the second the
same ratio which the fourth has to the third, or the first has to
the second the same ratio which the reciprocal of the third has
to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a
reciprocal proportion, because 2:5:
:1/20:1/8. -- Reciprocal
quantities (Math.), any two quantities which
produce unity when multiplied together. -- Reciprocal
ratio (Math.), the ratio between the
reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio
of 4 to 9 is that of \'ac to 1/9. --
Reciprocal terms (Logic), those terms
which have the same signification, and, consequently, are
convertible, and may be used for each other.
Syn. -- Mutual; alternate. --
Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea of
mutual is, that the parties unite by interchange in
the same act; as, a mutual covenant; mutual
affection, etc. The distinctive idea of
reciprocal is, that one party acts by way of return or
response to something previously done by the other party; as,
a reciprocal kindness; reciprocal
reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the
previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of
the other. To make it mutual in the strictest sense,
the two parties should have fallen in love at the same time; but
as the result is the same, the two words are here used
interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the tide is a case
where the action is reciprocal, but not
mutual.
Re*cip"ro*cal, n. 1. That which
is reciprocal to another thing.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation.
Bacon.
2. (Arith. & Alg.) The quotient arising
from dividing unity by any quantity; thus \'ac is the
reciprocal of 4; 1/(a + b) is the
reciprocal of a + b. The
reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or
the denominator divided by the numerator.
Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty (?), n. The
quality or condition of being reciprocal; reciprocalness.
[R.]
Re*cip"ro*cal*ly (?), adv.
1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the
other, and is equally affected by it; interchangeably;
mutually.
These two particles to reciprocally affect each
other with the same force.
Bentley.
2. (Math.) In the manner of
reciprocals.
Reciprocally proportional (Arith. &
Alg.), proportional, as two variable quantities, so
that the one shall have a constant ratio to the reciprocal of the
other.
Re*cip"ro*cal*ness (?), n. The
quality or condition of being reciprocal; mutual return;
alternateness.
Re*cip"ro*cate (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Reciprocated
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reciprocating.] [L.
reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See
Reciprocal.] To move forward and backward
alternately; to recur in vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to
alternate.
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies,
And draws and blows reciprocating air.
Dryden.
Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas
engine, etc., in which the piston moves back and forth; -- in
distinction from a rotary engine, in which the piston
travels continuously in one direction in a circular path. --
Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion
alternately backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston
rod.
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t. To give and return
mutually; to make return for; to give in return; to unterchange;
to alternate; as, to reciprocate favors.
Cowper.
Re*cip`ro*ca"tion (?), n. [L.
reciprocatio: cf. F. reciprocation.]
1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a
mutual giving and returning; as, the reciprocation
of kindness.
2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the
reciprocation of the sea in the flow and ebb of
tides.
Sir T. Browne.
Rec`i*proc"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82ciprocit\'82. See Reciprocal.]
1. Mutual action and reaction.
2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights;
reciprocation.
Reciprocity treaty, Treaty of
reciprocity, a treaty concluded between two
countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs or
charges on imports, or in other respects.
Syn. -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality.
Re*cip`ro*cor"nous (?), a. [L.
reciprocus returning, reciprocal + cornu
horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having horns turning
backward and then forward, like those of a ram.
[R.]
Ash.
Re*cip"ro*cous (?), a.
Reciprocal. [Obs.]
Rec"i*prok (?), a. [F.
r\'82ciproque, L. reciprocus.]
Reciprocal. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Rec"i*proque (?), a. & n. [F.
r\'82ciproque.] Reciprocal.
Bacon.
Re*ci"sion (?), n. [L.
recisio, fr. recidere, recisum,
to cut off; pref. re- re- + caedere to
cut.] The act of cutting off.
Sherwood.
Re*cit"al (?), n. [From
Recite.] 1. The act of reciting; the
repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal;
as, the recital of testimony.
2. A telling in detail and due order of the
particulars of anything, as of a law, an adventure, or a series
of events; narration.
Addison.
3. That which is recited; a story; a
narration.
4. (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental
performance by one person; -- distinguished from
concert; as, a song recital; an organ,
piano, or violin recital.
5. (Law) The formal statement, or
setting forth, of some matter of fact in any deed or writing in
order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded;
the statement of matter in pleading introductory to some positive
allegation.
Burn.
Syn. -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration;
description; explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See
Account.
Rec`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L.
recitatio: cf. F. r\'82citation. See
Recite.] 1. The act of reciting;
rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.
Hammond.
2. The delivery before an audience of something
committed to memory, especially as an elocutionary exhibition;
also, that which is so delivered.
3. (Colleges and Schools) The rehearsal
of a lesson by pupils before their instructor.
Rec`i*ta*tive" (?), n. [It.
recitativo, or F. r\'82citatif. See
Recite.] (Mus.) A species of
musical recitation in which the words are delivered in manner
resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a piece of music
intended for such recitation; -- opposed to
melisma.
Rec`i*ta*tive", a. Of or pertaining to
recitation; intended for musical recitation or declamation; in
the style or manner of recitative. --
Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv.
Rec`i*ta*ti"vo (?), n.
[It.] (Mus.) Recitative.
Re*cite" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr.
& vb. n. Reciting.] [F.
r\'82citer, fr. L. recitare,
recitatum; pref. re- re- +
citare to call or name, to cite. See
Cite.] 1. To repeat, as something
already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like;
to deliver from a written or printed document, or from
recollection; to rehearse; as, to recite the words
of an author, or of a deed or covenant.
2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to
relate; to narrate; as, to recite past events; to
recite the particulars of a voyage.
3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.
4. (Law) To state in or as a recital.
See Recital, 5.
Syn. -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe;
recapitulate; detail; number; count.
Re*cite", v. i. To repeat, pronounce, or
rehearse, as before an audience, something prepared or committed
to memory; to rehearse a lesson learned.
Re*cite", n. A recital.
[Obs.]
Sir W. Temple.
Re*cit"er (?), n. One who
recites; also, a book of extracts for recitation.
Reck (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recked (?)
(obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recking.] [AS.
reccan, r, to care for; akin to OS.
r, OHG. ruochan, G.
geruhen, Icel. r\'91kja, also to E.
reckon, rake an implement. See
Rake, and cf. Reckon.] 1.
To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard.
[Archaic]
This son of mine not recking danger.
Sir P. Sidney.
And may you better reck the rede
Than ever did the adviser.
Burns.
2. To concern; -- used impersonally.
[Poetic]
What recks it them?
Milton.
<-- p. 1199 -->
Reck (?), v. i. To make
account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- often followed by
of. [Archaic]
Then reck I not, when I have lost my life.
Chaucer.
I reck not though I end my life to-day.
Shak.
Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire.
M. Arnold.
Reck"less, a. [AS.
reccele\'a0s, r.]
1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful;
indifferent.
Chaucer.
2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or
heedless.
It made the king as reckless as them diligent.
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless;
negligent; indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive;
remiss; rash.
-- Reck"less*ly, adv. --
Reck"less*ness, n.
Reck"ling (?), a. Needing care;
weak; feeble; as, a reckling child.
H. Taylor. -- n. A weak child or
animal.
Tennyson.
Reck"on (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reckoned
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reckoning.] [OE. rekenen,
AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D.
rekenen to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG.
rahnjan), and to E. reck, rake
an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring
together, count together. See Reck, v.
t.]
1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to
compute; to calculate.
The priest shall reckon to him the money according
to the years that remain.
Lev. xxvii. 18.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the
outside of the church.
Addison.
2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to
estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account;
to esteem; to repute.
He was reckoned among the transgressors.
Luke xxii. 37.
For him I reckon not in high estate.
Milton.
3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as
having a certain quality or value.
Faith was reckoned to Abraham for
righteousness.
Rom. iv. 9.
Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her
for a crime.
Hawthorne.
4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing
of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an
objective clause; as, I reckon he won't try that
again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.]
Syn. -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate;
value; esteem; account; repute. See Calculate,
Guess.
Reck"on, v. i. 1. To make an
enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or
computing.
Shak.
2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts;
to settle; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit;
to adjust relations of desert or penalty.
\'bdParfay,\'b8 sayst thou, \'bdsometime he reckon
shall.\'b8
Chaucer.
To reckon for, to answer for; to pay the
account for. \'bdIf they fail in their bounden duty, they shall
reckon for it one day.\'b8 Bp. Sanderson.
-- To reckon on upon,
to count or depend on. -- To reckon with,
to settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or
figuratively.
After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and
reckoneth with them.
Matt. xxv. 19.
-- To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a
calculation or arrangement the person whose assent is essential;
hence, to reckon erroneously.
Reck"on*er (?), n. One who
reckons or computes; also, a book of calculation, tables, etc.,
to assist in reckoning.
Reckoners without their host must reckon twice.
Camden.
Reck"on*ing, n. 1. The act of
one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of reckoning or
counting; calculation. Specifically: (a) An
account of time. Sandys. (b)
Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of
obligations, liabilities, etc.
Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way
to make reckonings even is to make them often.
South.
He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible
and memorable reckoning had arrived.
Macaulay.
2. The charge or account made by a host at an
inn.
A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a
reckoning.
Addison.
3. Esteem; account; estimation.
You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than
of an outward fading benefit nature bestowed.
Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Navigation) (a) The
calculation of a ship's position, either from astronomical
observations, or from the record of the courses steered and
distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter
case called dead reckoning (see under Dead);
-- also used fro dead reckoning in contradistinction
to observation. (b) The position
of a ship as determined by calculation.
To be out of her reckoning, to be at a
distance from the place indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a
ship.
Re*claim" (?), v. t. To claim
back; to demand the return of as a right; to attempt to recover
possession of.
A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually
reclaiming its prior occupancy.
W. Coxe.
Re*claim" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reclaimed
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclaiming.] [F.
r\'82clamer, L. reclamare,
reclamatum, to cry out against; pref. re-
re- + clamare to call or cry aloud. See
Claim.] 1. To call back, as a hawk
to the wrist in falconry, by a certain customary call.
Chaucer.
2. To call back from flight or disorderly action;
to call to, for the purpose of subduing or quieting.
The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were
deaf to his reclaiming them.
Dryden.
3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring
under discipline; -- said especially of birds trained for the
chase, but also of other animals. \'bdAn eagle well
reclaimed.\'b8
Dryden.
4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by
discipline, labor, cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being
wild, desert, waste, submerged, or the like; as, to
reclaim wild land, overflowed land, etc.
5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering
or transgression; to draw back to correct deportment or course of
life; to reform.
It is the intention of Providence, in all the various
expressions of his goodness, to reclaim mankind.
Rogers.
6. To correct; to reform; -- said of things.
[Obs.]
Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial.
Sir E. Hoby.
7. To exclaim against; to gainsay.
[Obs.]
Fuller.
Syn. -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct.
Re*claim" (?), v. i. 1.
To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim
against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.
Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church
reclaims, and Christian ears would not hear it.
Waterland.
At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against
Mill's setting Whately above Hamilton.
Bain.
2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to
reform.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim,
Grieving to see his glory . . . took envy.
Milton.
3. To draw back; to give way. [R. &
Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*claim", n. The act of reclaiming, or
the state of being reclaimed; reclamation; recovery.
[Obs.]
Re*claim"a*ble (?), a. That may
be reclaimed.
Re*claim"ant (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82clamant, p. pr.] One who reclaims; one
who cries out against or contradicts.
Re*claim"er (?), n. One who
reclaims.
Re*claim"less, a. That can not be
reclaimed.
Rec`la*ma"tion (?), n. [F.
r\'82clamation, L. reclamatio. See
Reclaim.] 1. The act or process of
reclaiming.
2. Representation made in opposition;
remonstrance.
I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity
and of justice, try clemency.
Landor.
Re*clasp" (?), v. i. To clasp
or unite again.
Re*clin"ant (?), a. [L.
reclinans, p. pr. See Recline.]
Bending or leaning backward.
Rec"li*nate (?), a. [L.
reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.)
Reclined, as a leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of
a stem or leaf, is lower than the base.
Rec`li*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82clinaison.] 1. The act of
leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.
2. (Dialing) The angle which the plane
of the dial makes with a vertical plane which it intersects in a
horizontal line.
Brande & C.
3. (Surg.) The act or process of
removing a cataract, by applying the needle to its anterior
surface, and depressing it into the vitreous humor in such a way
that front surface of the cataract becomes the upper one and its
back surface the lower one.
Dunglison.
Re*cline" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reclined
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclining.] [L. reclinare;
pref. re- re- + clinare to lean, incline.
See Incline, Lean to incline.] To
cause or permit to lean, incline, rest, etc., to place in a
recumbent position; as, to recline the head on the
hand.
The mother
Reclined her dying head upon his breast.
Dryden.
Re*cline", v. i. 1. To lean or
incline; as, to recline against a wall.
2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position;
as, to recline on a couch.
Re*cline", a. [L. reclinis.
See Recline, v. t.] Having a
reclining posture; leaning; reclining. [R.]
They sat, recline
On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.
Milton.
Re*clined" (?), a. (Bot.)
Falling or turned downward; reclinate.
Re*clin"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, reclines.
Re*clin"ing, a. (Bot.)
(a) Bending or curving gradually back from the
perpendicular. (b) Recumbent.
Reclining dial, a dial whose plane is inclined
to the vertical line through its center. Davies & Peck
(Math. Dict.).
Re*close" (?), v. t. To close
again.
Pope.
Re*clothe" (?), v. t. To clothe
again.
Re*clude" (?), v. t. [L.
recludere to unclose, open; pref. re-
again, back, un- + claudere to shut.]
To open; to unclose. [R.]
Harvey.
Re*cluse" (?), a. [L.
reclus, L. reclusus, from
recludere, reclusum, to unclose, open, in
LL., to shut up. See Close.] Shut up,
sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice;
solitary; living apart; as, a recluse monk or
hermit; a recluse life
In meditation deep, recluse
From human converse.
J. Philips.
Re*cluse", n. [F. reclus, LL.
reclusus. See Recluse, a.]
1. A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse
with the world, as a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class
of secluded devotees who live in single cells; usually attached
to monasteries.
2. The place where a recluse dwells.
[Obs.]
Foxe.
Re*cluse", v. t. To shut; to
seclude. [Obs.]
Re*cluse"ly, adv. In a recluse or
solitary manner.
Re*cluse"ness, n. Quality or state of
being recluse.
Re*clu"sion (?), n. [LL.
reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.] A
state of retirement from the world; seclusion.
Re*clu"sive (?), a. Affording
retirement from society. \'bdSome reclusive and
religious life.\'b8
Shak.
Re*clu"so*ry (?), n. [LL.
reclosorium.] The habitation of a recluse;
a hermitage.
Re*coct" (?), v. t. [L.
recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to cook or
boil over again. See Re-, and 4th Cook.]
To boil or cook again; hence, to make over; to vamp up; to
reconstruct. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
Re*coc"tion (?), n. A second
coction or preparation; a vamping up.
Rec`og*ni"tion (?), n. [L.
recognitio: cf. F. recognition. See
Recognizance.] The act of recognizing, or the
state of being recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal;
knowledge confessed or avowed; notice.
The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly
memorials, solemn recognition in the church of
God.
Hooker.
Re*cog"ni*tor (?), n.
[LL.] (Law) One of a jury impaneled on
an assize.
Blackstone.
Re*cog"ni*to*ry (?), a.
Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.
Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty (?), n.
The quality or condition of being recognizable.
Rec"og*ni`za*ble (?; 277), a.
Capable of being recognized. [Written also
recognisable.] --
Rec"og*ni`za*bly, adv.
Re*cog"ni*zance (?), n. [F.
reconnaissance, OF. recognoissance, fr.
recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to
recognize, F. reconna\'8ctre, fr. L.
recognoscere; pref. re- re- +
cognoscere to know. See Cognizance,
Know, and cf. Recognize,
Reconnoissance.] >[Written also
recognisance.]
1. (Law) (a) An obligation of
record entered into before some court of record or magistrate
duly authorized, with condition to do some particular act, as to
appear at the same or some other court, to keep the peace, or pay
a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond,
being witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's
seal. (b) The verdict of a jury impaneled
upon assize.
Cowell.
g in this and the
related words (except recognize) is usually
silent.
2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.
That recognizance and pledge of love
Which I first gave her.
Shak.
3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal;
profession; recognition.
Re*cog`ni*za"tion (?), n.
Recognition. [R.]
Rec"og*nize (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recognized
(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Recognizing
(?).] [From Recognizance; see
Cognition, and cf. Reconnoiter.]
[Written also recognise.]
1. To know again; to perceive the identity of, with
a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall
knowledge of.
Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen.
Harte.
2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows;
to consent to admit, hold, or the like; to admit with a formal
acknowledgment; as, to recognize an obligation; to
recognize a consul.
3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by
salutation, bowing, or the like.
4. To show appreciation of; as, to
recognize services by a testimonial.
5. To review; to re\'89xamine.
[Obs.]
South.
6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.]
R. Monro.
Syn. -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede.
See Acknowledge.
Rec"og*nize, v. i. (Law) To
enter an obligation of record before a proper tribunal; as,
A, B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars.
[Written also recognise.]
Re*cog`ni*zee" (?), n.
(Law) The person in whose favor a recognizance is
made. [Written also recognisee.]
Blackstone.
Rec"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who
recognizes; a recognizor. [Written also
recogniser.]
Re*cog`ni*zor" (?), n.
(Law) One who enters into a recognizance.
[Written also recognisor.]
Blackstone.
Rec"og*nosce (?), v. t. [L.
recognoscere. See Recognizance.]
To recognize. [R. & Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*coil" (?), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Recoiled
(?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recoiling.] [OE. recoilen,
F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
culus the fundament. The English word was perhaps
influenced in form by accoil.]
1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to
take a reverse motion; to be driven or forced backward; to
return.
Evil on itself shall back recoil.
Milton.
The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we
should recoil into our ordinary spirits.
De Quincey.
2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant,
distressing, alarming, or the like; to shrink.
Shak.
3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to
retire. [Obs.] \'bdTo your bowers
recoil.\'b8
Spenser.
Re*coil", v. t. To draw or go
back. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*coil", n. 1. A starting or
falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as, the recoil
of nature, or of the blood.
2. The state or condition of having recoiled.
The recoil from formalism is skepticism.
F. W. Robertson.
3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a
firearm when discharged.
Recoil dynamometer (Gunnery), an
instrument for measuring the force of the recoil of a
firearm. -- Recoil escapement See the Note
under Escapement.
Re*coil"er (?), n. One who, or
that which, recoils.
Re*coil"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a
recoil.
Re*coil"ment, n. [Cf. F.
reculement.] Recoil.
[R.]
Re*coin" (?), v. t. To coin
anew or again.
Re*coin"age (?), n. 1.
The act of coining anew.
2. That which is coined anew.
Re`-col*lect" (?), v. t. [Pref.
re- + collect.] To collect
again; to gather what has been scattered; as, to
re-collect routed troops.
God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our
scattered dust.
Barrow.
Rec`ol*lect" (?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recollected;
imp. & p. p. Recollecting.]
[Pref. re- + collect: cf. L.
recolligere, recollectum, to collect. Cf.
Recollet.]
1. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring
back to the mind or memory; to remember.
2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover
self-command; as, to recollect one's self after a
burst of anger; -- sometimes, formerly, in the perfect
participle.
The Tyrian queen . . .
Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;
Then recollected stood.
Dryden.
Rec"ol*lect, n. [See
Recollet.] (Eccl.) A friar of the
Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans.
[Written also Recollet.]
Addis & Arnold.
<-- p. 1200 -->
<-- p. 1200 -->
Rec`ol*lec"tion (r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82collection.]
1. The act of recollecting, or recalling to the
memory; the operation by which objects are recalled to the
memory, or ideas revived in the mind; reminiscence;
remembrance.
2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the
period within which things can be recollected; remembrance;
memory; as, an event within my
recollection.
3. That which is recollected; something called to
mind; reminiscence. \'bdOne of his earliest
recollections.\'b8
Macaulay.
4. The act or practice of collecting or
concentrating the mind; concentration; self-control.
[Archaic]
From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity
and recollection.
Robertson.
Syn. -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See
Memory.
Rec`ol*lect"ive (-l?k"t?v), a.
Having the power of recollecting.
J. Foster.
Rec"ol*let (r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?"),
n. [F. r\'82collet, fr. L.
recollectus, p.p. of recolligere to gather
again, to gather up; NL., to collect one's self, esp. for
religious contemplation.] (Eccl.) Same as
Recollect, n.
Re*col`o*ni*za"tion (r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n),
n. A second or renewed colonization.
Re*col"o*nize (r?*k?l"?*n?z), v. t.
To colonize again.
Re*com`bi*na"tion (r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n),
n. Combination a second or additional time.
Re`com*bine" (r?`k?m*b?n"), v. t.
To combine again.
Re*com"fort (r?*k?m"f?rt), v. t.
[Pref. re- + comfort: cf. F.
r\'82conforter.] To comfort again; to
console anew; to give new strength to.
Bacon.
Gan her recomfort from so sad affright.
Spenser.
Re*com"fort*less, a. Without
comfort. [Obs.]
Re*com"for*ture (-f?r*t?r;135), n.
The act of recomforting; restoration of comfort.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re`com*mence" (r?`k?m*m?ns"), v. i.
1. To commence or begin again.
Howell.
2. To begin anew to be; to act again as.
[Archaic.]
He seems desirous enough of recommencing
courtier.
Johnson.
Re`com*mence", v. t. [Pref.
re- + commence: cf. F.
recommencer.] To commence again or
anew.
Re`com*mence"ment (-m?nt), n. A
commencement made anew.
Rec`om*mend" (r?k`?m*m?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recommended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recommending.]
[Pref. re- + commend: cf. F.
recommander.] 1. To commend to the
favorable notice of another; to commit to another's care,
confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put
in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on;
as, he recommended resting the mind and exercising
the body.
M\'91cenas recommended Virgil and Horace to
Augustus, whose praises . . . have made him precious to
posterity.
Dryden.
2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to.
A decent boldness ever meets with friends,
Succeeds, and e'en a stranger recommends.
Pope.
3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend.
Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by
the brethren unto the grace of God.
Acts xv. 40.
Rec`om*mend"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. recommandable.] Suitable to be
recommended; worthy of praise; commendable.
Glanvill. -- Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness,
n. -- Rec`om*mend"a*bly,
adv.
Rec`om*men*da"tion (r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. recommandation.]
1. The act of recommending.
2. That which recommends, or commends to favor;
anything procuring, or tending to procure, a favorable reception,
or to secure acceptance and adoption; as, he brought
excellent recommendations.
3. The state of being recommended; esteem.
[R.]
The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an
extraordinary recommendation amongst the ancient.
Sir T. North.
Rec`om*mend"a*tive (-m?nd"?*t?v), n.
That which recommends; a recommendation.
[Obs.]
Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a.
Serving to recommend; recommending; commendatory.
Swift.
Rec`om*mend"er (-?r), n. One
who recommends.
Re`com*mis"sion (r?`k?m*m?sh?n), v.
t. To commission again; to give a new commission
to.
Officers whose time of service had expired were to be
recommissioned.
Marshall.
Re`com*mit" (-m?t"), v. t. To
commit again; to give back into keeping; specifically, to refer
again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to the
same committee.
{ Re`com*mit"ment (-m?nt),
Re`com*mit"tal (-?l), } n.
A second or renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a
committee.
Re`com*pact" (-p?kt"), v. t. To
compact or join anew. \'bdRecompact my scattered
body.\'b8
Donne.
Re*com`pen*sa"tion (r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. LL. recompensatio.]
1. Recompense. [Obs.]
2. (Scots Law) Used to denote a case
where a set-off pleaded by the defendant is met by a set-off
pleaded by the plaintiff.
Rec"om*pense (r\'cbk"\'cem*p\'cbns), v.
t. [imp. & p. p. Recompensed
(-p?nst); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recompensing (-p?n`s?ng).] [F.
r\'82compenser, LL. recompensare, fr.L.
pref. re- re- + compensare to compensate.
See Compensate.] 1. To render an
equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to
remunerate; to compensate.
He can not recompense me better.
Shak.
2. To return an equivalent for; to give
compensation for; to atone for; to pay for.
God recompenseth the gift.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
To recompense
My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed.
Milton.
3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as
something earned or deserved. [R.]
Recompense to no man evil for evil.
Rom. xii. 17.
Syn. -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward;
remunerate.
Rec"om*pense (r?k"?m*p?ns), v. i.
To give recompense; to make amends or requital.
[Obs.]
Rec"om*pense, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82compense.] An equivalent returned for
anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital;
suitable return.
To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense.
Deut. xxii. 35.
And every transgression and disobedience received a just
recompense of reward.
Heb. ii. 2.
Syn. -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends;
satisfaction; reward; requital.
Rec"om*pense`ment (-p?ns`m?nt), n.
Recompense; requital. [Obs.]
Fabyan.
Rec"om*pen`ser (-p?n`s?r), n.
One who recompenses.
A thankful recompenser of the benefits
received.
Foxe.
Rec"om*pen`sive (-s?v), a. Of
the nature of recompense; serving to recompense.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*com`pi*la"tion (r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion),
n. A new compilation.
Re`com*pile" (r\'c7`k\'cem*p\'c6l"), v.
t. To compile anew.
Re`com*pile"ment (-ment), n.
The act of recompiling; new compilation or digest; as, a
recompilement of the laws.
Bacon.
Re`com*pose" (-p?z"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recomposed
(-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recomposing.] [Pref. re- +
compose: cf. F. recomposer.]
1. To compose again; to form anew; to put together
again or repeatedly.
The far greater number of the objects presented to our
observation can only be decomposed, but not actually
recomposed.
Sir W. Hamilton.
2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to
tranquilize; as, to recompose the mind.
Jer. Taylor.
Re`com*pos"er (-p?z"?r), n. One
who recomposes.
Re*com`po*si"tion (r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. recomposition.]
The act of recomposing.
Rec"on*ci`la*ble (r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l),
a. [Cf. F. r\'82conciliable.]
Capable of being reconciled; as, reconcilable
adversaries; an act reconciable with previous
acts.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships are
reconcilable.
Arbuthnot.
-- Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. --
Rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.
Rec"on*cile` (-s?l`), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reconciled
(-s?ld`); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reconciling.] [F.
r\'82concilier, L. reconciliare; pref.
re- re- + conciliare to bring together, to
unite. See Conciliate.] 1. To cause
to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to
friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at
variance; as, to reconcile persons who have
quarreled.
Propitious now and reconciled by prayer.
Dryden.
The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be
reconciled [i.e., restored to sanctity] by the
bishop.
Chaucer.
We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God.
2 Cor. v. 20.
2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet
submission; as, to reconcile one's self to
affictions.
3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to
agreement or suitableness; -- followed by with or
to.
The great men among the ancients understood how to
reconcile manual labor with affairs of state.
Locke.
Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear,
Considered singly, or beheld too near;
Which, but proportioned to their light or place,
Due distance reconciles to form and grace.
Pope.
4. To adjust; to settle; as, to
reconcile differences.
Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify;
appease.
Rec"on*cile`, v. i. To become
reconciled. [Obs.]
Rec"on*cile`ment (-ment), n.
Reconciliation.
Milton.
Rec"on*ci`ler (-s?`l?r), n. One
who reconciles.
Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (-s?l`?*?"sh?n),
n. [F. r\'82conciliation, L.
reconciliatio.] 1. The act of
reconciling, or the state of being reconciled; reconcilenment;
restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.
Reconciliation and friendship with God really form
the basis of all rational and true enjoyment.
S. Miller.
2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal
of inconsistency; harmony.
A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming
inconsistencies of Scripture.
D. Rogers.
Syn. -- Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement;
propitiation; atonement; expiation.
Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?),
a. Serving or tending to reconcile.
Bp. Hall.
Re*con`den*sa"tion (r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n),
n. The act or process of recondensing.
Re`con*dense" (r?`k?n*d?ns"), v.
t.To condense again.
Rec"on*dite (r?k"?n*d?t ,
a. [L. reconditus, p. p. of
recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal;
pref. re- re- + condere to bring or lay
together. See Abscond.] 1. Hidden
from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as,
recondite causes of things.
2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching;
as, recondite studies.
\'bdRecondite learning.\'b8
Bp. Horsley.
Re*con"di*to*ry (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n.
[LL. reconditorium.] A repository; a
storehouse. [Obs.]
Ash.
Re`con*duct" (r?`k?n*d?kt"), v. t.
To conduct back or again. \'bdA guide to
reconduct thy steps.\'b8
Dryden.
Re`con*firm" (-f?rm"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F.
reconfirmer.] To confirm anew.
Clarendon.
Re`con*fort" (-f?rt"), v. t.
[F. r\'82conforter.] To recomfort; to
comfort. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re`con*join" (r?`k?n*join"), v. t.
To join or conjoin anew.
Boyle.
{ Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance
} (r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See
Recognizance.] The act of reconnoitering;
preliminary examination or survey. Specifically:
(a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of
a region in reference to its general geological character.
(b) (Engin.) An examination of a region
as to its general natural features, preparatory to a more
particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of
determining the location of a public work. (c)
(Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an
enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining information
necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory
expedition.
Reconnoissance in force (Mil.), a
demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the
purpose of discovering the position and strength of an
enemy.
{ Rec`on*noi"ter, Rec`on*noi"tre }
(r?k`?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F.
reconnoitre, a former spelling of
reconna\'8ctre. See Recognize.]
1. To examine with the eye to make a preliminary
examination or survey of; esp., to survey with a view to military
or engineering operations.
2. To recognize. [Obs.]
Sir H. Walpole.
Re*con"quer (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t.
[Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F.
reconqu\'82rir.] To conquer again; to
recover by conquest; as, to reconquer a revolted
province.
Re*con"quest (-kw?st), n. A
second conquest.
Re*con"se*crate (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v.
t. To consecrate anew or again.
Re*con`se*cra"tion, n. Renewed
consecration.
Re`con*sid"er (r?`k?n*s?d"?r), v. t.
1. To consider again; as, to
reconsider a subject.
2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up
for renewed consideration, as a motion or a vote which has been
previously acted upon.
Re`con*sid`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
The act of reconsidering, or the state of being
reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a
legislative body.
Re*con"so*late (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v.
t. To console or comfort again.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Re`con*sol"i*date (r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v.
t. To consolidate anew or again.
Re`con*sol`i*da"tion (-d?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of reconsolidating; the state of being
reconsolidated.
Re`con*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t.
To construct again; to rebuild; to remodel; to form again or
anew.
Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed.
Macaulay.
Re`con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of constructing again; the state of
being reconstructed.
2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of
reorganizing the governments of the States which had passed
ordinances of secession, and of re\'89stablishing their
constitutional relations to the national government, after the
close of the Civil War.
Re`con*struct"ive (-str?k"t?v), a.
Reconstructing; tending to reconstruct; as, a
reconstructive policy.
Re`con*tin"u*ance (-t?n"?*?ns), n.
The act or state of recontinuing.
Re`con*tin"ue (-?), v. t. & i.
To continue anew.
Re`con*vene" (r?`k?n*v?n"), v. t. &
i. To convene or assemble again; to call or come
together again.
Re`con*ven"tion (-v?n"sh?n), n.
(Civil Law) A cross demand; an action brought by
the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge.
Burrill. Bouvier.
Re`con*ver"sion (-v?r"sh?n), n.
A second conversion.
Re`con*vert" (-v?rt"), v. t. To
convert again.
Milton.
Re*con"vert (r?*k?n"v?rt), n. A
person who has been reconverted.
Gladstone.
Re`con*vert"i*ble (r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l),
a. (Chem.) Capable of being
reconverted; convertible again to the original form or
condition.
Re`con*vey" (-v?"), v. t.
1. To convey back or to the former place; as,
to reconvey goods.
2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to
reconvey an estate.
Re`con*vey"ance (-v?"?ns), n.
Act of reconveying.
Re*cop"y (r?*k?p"?), v. t. To
copy again.
Re*cord" (r?*k?rd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recorded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recording.] [OE.
recorden to repeat, remind, F. recorder,
fr. L. recordari to remember; pref. re- re-
+ cor, cordis, the heart or mind. See
Cordial, Heart.] 1. To
recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate.
[Obs.] \'bdI it you record.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play.
[Obs.]
They longed to see the day, to hear the lark
Record her hymns, and chant her carols blest.
Fairfax.
3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to
writing, to printing, to inscription, or the like; to make note
of; to write or enter in a book or on parchment, for the purpose
of preserving authentic evidence of; to register; to enroll;
as, to record the proceedings of a court; to
record historical events.
Those things that are recorded of him . . . are
written in the chronicles of the kings.
1 Esd. i. 42.
To record a deed, mortgage,
lease, etc., to have a copy of the same
entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the
information of the public.
Re*cord", v. i. 1. To reflect;
to ponder. [Obs.]
Praying all the way, and recording upon the words
which he before had read.
Fuller.
2. To sing or repeat a tune.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Whether the birds or she recorded best.
W. Browne.
Rec"ord (r?k"?rd), n. [OF.
recort, record, remembrance, attestation,
record. See Record, v. t.] 1.
A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or
events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the
acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of
temperature during a certain time; a family
record.
2. Especially: (a) An official
contemporaneous writing by which the acts of some public body, or
public officer, are recorded; as, a record of city
ordinances; the records of the receiver of
taxes. (b) An authentic official copy of
a document which has been entered in a book, or deposited in the
keeping of some officer designated by law. (c)
An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the
proceedings of a court of justice; a judicial record.
(d) The various legal papers used in a case,
together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; as,
it is not permissible to allege facts not in the
record.
3. Testimony; witness; attestation.
John bare record, saying.
John i. 32.
4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of
acts or events; a monument; a memorial.
5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the
known facts in the course, progress, or duration of anything, as
in the life of a public man; as, a politician with a good or
a bad record.
<-- p. 1201 -->
6. That which has been publicly achieved in any
kind of competitive sport as recorded in some authoritative
manner, as the time made by a winning horse in a race.
Court of record (pron. rin Eng.), a court whose acts and judicial
proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual
memorial. -- Debt of record, a debt which
appears to be due by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a
judgment or a cognizance. -- Trial by record,
a trial which is had when a matter of record is pleaded, and
the opposite party pleads that there is no such record. In this
case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other
evidence being admissible. Blackstone. --
To beat, break, the
record (Sporting), to surpass any
performance of like kind as authoritatively recorded; as,
to break the record in a walking match.
Re*cord"ance (r?*k?rd"?ns), n.
Remembrance. [Obs.]
Rec`or*da"tion (r?k`?r*d?"sh?n), n.
[L. recordatio: cf. F. recordation.
See Record, v. t.] Remembrance;
recollection; also, a record. [Obs.]
Shak.
Re*cord"er (r?*k?rd"?r), n.
1. One who records; specifically, a person whose
official duty it is to make a record of writings or
transactions.
2. The title of the chief judical officer of some
cities and boroughs; also, of the chief justice of an East Indian
settlement. The Recorder of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's
Court, and one of the commissioners of the Central Criminal
Court.
3. (Mus.) A kind of wind instrument
resembling the flageolet. [Obs.] \'bdFlutes
and soft recorders.\'b8
Milton.
Re*cord"er*ship, n. The office of a
recorder.
Re*cord"ing, a. Keeping a record or a
register; as, a recording secretary; -- applied to
numerous instruments with an automatic appliance which makes a
record of their action; as, a recording gauge or
telegraph.
Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion
(r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n. The act of
investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew
with a body. [R.]
Boyle.
Re*couch" (r?*kouch"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + couch: cf. F.
recoucher.] To retire again to a couch; to
lie down again. [Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*count" (r?*kount"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + count.] To
count or reckon again.
Re*count", n. A counting again, as of
votes.
Re*count" (r?*kount"), v. t.
[F. raconter to relate, to recount; pref.
re- again + ad.) +
conter to relate. See Count,
v.] To tell over; to relate in detail; to
recite; to tell or narrate the particulars of; to rehearse; to
enumerate; as, to recount one's
blessings.
Dryden.
To all his angels, who, with true applause,
Recount his praises.
Milton.
Re*count`ment (-m?nt), n.
Recital. [Obs.]
Shak.
{ Re*coup", Re*coupe" }
(-k??p"), v. t. [F. recouper;
pref. re- re- + couper to cut.]
1. (Law) To keep back rightfully (a
part), as if by cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take
off (a part) from damages; to deduct; as, where a landlord
recouped the rent of premises from damages awarded to
the plaintiff for eviction.
2. To get an equivalent or compensation for;
as, to recoup money lost at the gaming table; to
recoup one's losses in the share market.
3. To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used
reflexively and in the passive.
Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might
recoup herself at Philip's cost.
Froude.
Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by
extensive custom.
Duke of Argyll.
Re*coup"er (r?*k??p"?r), n. One
who recoups.
Story.
Re*coup"ment (-m?nt), n. The
act of recouping.
Recoupment applies to equities growing
out of the very affair from which thw principal demand arises,
set-off to cross-demands which may be independent in
origin.
Abbott.
Re*course" (r?*k?rs"), n. [F.
recours, L. recursus a running back,
return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run
back. See Recur.] 1. A coursing
back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing;
renewed course; return; retreat; recurence.
[Obs.] \'bdSwift recourse of flushing
blood.\'b8
Spenser.
Unto my first I will have my recourse.
Chaucer.
Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or
the recourse thereof in the valetudinary.
Sir T. Browne.
2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or
the like; access or application for aid; resort.
Thus died this great peer, in a time of great
recourse unto him and dependence upon him.
Sir H. Wotton.
Our last recourse is therefore to our art.
Dryden.
3. Access; admittance. [Obs.]
Give me recourse to him.
Shak.
Without recourse (Commerce), words
sometimes added to the indorsement of a negotiable instrument to
protect the indorser from liability to the indorsee and
subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.
Re*course", v. i. 1. To return;
to recur. [Obs.]
The flame departing and recoursing.
Foxe.
2. To have recourse; to resort.
[Obs.]
Bp. Hacket.
Re*course"ful (-f?l), a. Having
recurring flow and ebb; moving alternately.
[Obs.]
Drayton.
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t.
[Pref. re- + cover: cf. F.
recouvrir.] To cover again.
Sir W. Scott.
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recovered
(-?rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Recovering.
] [OE. recoveren, OF.
recovrer, F. recouvrer, from L.
recuperare; pref. re- re + a word of
unknown origin. Cf.Recuperate.]
1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed
possession of; to win back; to regain.
David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried
away.
1. Sam. xxx. 18.
2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to
retrieve; to repair the loss or injury of; as, to
recover lost time. \'bdLoss of catel may
recovered be.\'b8
Chaucer.
Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and
recover.
Rogers.
3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the
like; to bring back to life or health; to cure; to heal.
The wine in my bottle will recover him.
Shak.
4. To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state
of mind or body.
I do hope to recover my late hurt.
Cowley.
When I had recovered a little my first
surprise.
De Foe.
5. To rescue; to deliver.
That they may recover themselves out of the snare
of the devil, who are taken captive by him.
2. Tim. ii. 26.
6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to
reach; to come to. [Archaic]
The forest is not three leagues off;
If we recover that, we're sure enough.
Shak.
Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge
he was to die.
Hales.
7. (Law) To gain as a compensation; to
obtain in return for injury or debt; as, to recover
damages in trespass; to recover debt and costs in a
suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law;
as, to recover lands in ejectment or common
recovery; to gain by legal process; as, to
recover judgement against a defendant.
Recover arms (Mil. Drill), a
command whereby the piece is brought from the position of
\'bdaim\'b8 to that of \'bdready.\'b8
Syn. -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit;
heal; cure.
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. i.
1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well;
to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or
condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed by
of or from; as, to recover
from a state of poverty; to recover from
fright.
Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall
recover of this disease.
2 Kings i. 2.
2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive.
[Obs.]
With much ado the Christians recovered to
Antioch.
Fuller.
3. (Law) To obtain a judgement; to
succeed in a lawsuit; as, the plaintiff has
recovered in his suit.
Re*cov"er, n. Recovery.
Sir T. Malory.
Re*cov"er*a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. recouvrable.] Capable of being
recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former
condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a
debtor or possessor; as, the debt is recoverable;
goods lost or sunk in the ocean are not
recoverable.
A prodigal course
Is like the sun's; but not, like his, recoverable.
Shak.
If I am recoverable, why am I thus?
Cowper.
-- Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness,
n.
Re cov"er*ance (ans), n.
Recovery. [Obs.]
Re*cov`er*ee" (-?"), n.
(Law) The person against whom a judgment is
obtained in common recovery.
Re*cov"er*er (r?*k?v"?r*?r),
n.One who recovers.
Re*cov`er*or" (-?r), n.
(Law) The demandant in a common recovery after
judgment.
Wharton.
Re*cov"er*y (r?*k?v"?r*?), n.
1. The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking
possession.
2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness,
or the like; restoration from a condition of mistortune, of
fright, etc.
3. (Law) The obtaining in a suit at law
of a right to something by a verdict and judgment of court.
4. The getting, or gaining, of something not
previously had. [Obs.] \'bdHelp be past
recovery.\'b8
Tusser.
5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper
position for making a new stroke.
Common recovery (Law), a species of
common assurance or mode of conveying lands by matter of record,
through the forms of an action at law, formerly in frequent use,
but now abolished or obsolete, both in England and
America.
Burrill. Warren.
Rec"re*ance (r?k"r?*?ns), n.
Recreancy.
Rec"re*an*cy (-an*s?), n.
The quality or state of being recreant.
Rec"re*ant (-ant), a.
[OF., cowardly, fr. recroire,
recreire, to forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard
as conquered, LL. recredere se to declare one's self
conquered in combat; hence, those are called recrediti
or recreanti who are considered infamous; L. pref.
re- again, back + credere to believe, to be
of opinion; hence, originally, to disavow one's opinion. See
Creed.] 1. Crying for mercy, as a
combatant in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly;
mean-spirited; craven. \'bdThis recreant
knight.\'b8
Spenser.
2. Apostate; false; unfaithful.
Who, for so many benefits received,
Turned recreant to God, ingrate and false.
Milton.
Rec"re*ant, n. One who yields in combat,
and begs for mercy; a mean-spirited, cowardly wretch.
Blackstone.
You are all recreants and dastards!
Shak.
Re`-cre*ate" (r?`kr?*?t"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + create.] To
create or form anew.
On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of re\'89nforcing, it
was necessary to re-create, the army.
Marshall.
Rec"re*ate (rk"r*t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recreated
(-`td); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recreating.] [L. recreatus,
p. p. of recreate to create anew, to refresh; pref.
re- re- + creare to create. See
Create.] To give fresh life to; to reanimate;
to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying toil or anxiety;
to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify.
Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them
colors mixed with blue and green, to recreate their
eyes, white wearying . . . the sight more than any.
Dryden.
St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with
a tame partridge.
Jer. Taylor.
These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their
aromatic scent.
Dr. H. More.
Rec"re*ate, v. i. To take
recreation.
L. Addison.
Rec"re*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [F.
r\'82cr\'82ation, L. recreatio.]
The act of recreating, or the state of being recreated;
refreshment of the strength and spirits after toil; amusement;
diversion; sport; pastime.
Re`*cre*a"tion (r?`kr?*?sh?n), n.
[See Re-create.] A forming anew; a new
creation or formation.
Re`-cre*a"tive (-?`t?v), a.
Creating anew; as, re-creative
power.
Rec"re*a`tive (r?k"r?*?`t?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82cr. See
Recreate.] Tending to recreate or refresh;
recreating; giving new vigor or animation; reinvigorating; giving
relief after labor or pain; amusing; diverting.
Let the music of them be recreative.
Bacon.
--- Rec"re*a`tive*ly, adv. --
Rec"re*a`tive*ness, n.
Rec"re*ment (r?k"r?*ment),
n. [L. recrementum; pref.
re- re- + cernere, cretum, to
separate, sift: cf. F. r\'82cr\'82ment.]
1. Superfluous matter separated from that which is
useful; dross; scoria; as, the recrement of
ore.
2. (Med.) (a) Excrement.
[Obs.] (a) A substance secreted from
the blood and again absorbed by it.
Rec`re*men"tal (-m?n"tal),
a. Recrementitious.
Rec`re*men*ti"tial (-m?n*t?sh"al),
a. [Cf. F.
r\'82cr\'82mentitiel.] (Med.) Of
the nature of a recrement. See Recrement,2
(b). \'bdRecrementitial fluids.\'b8
Dunglison.
Rec`re*men*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a.
Of or pertaining to recrement; consisting of recrement or
dross.
Boyle.
Re*crim"i*nate (r?*kr?m"?*n?t), v.
i. [Pref. re- + criminate: cf.
F. r\'82criminer ,LL. recriminare.]
To return one charge or accusation with another; to
chargeback fault or crime upon an accuser.
It is not my business to recriminate, hoping
sufficiently to
Bp. Stillingfleet.
Re*crim"i*nate, v. t. To accuse in
return.
South.
Re*crim`i*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82crimination, LL.
recriminatio.] The act of recriminating; an
accusation brought by the accused against the accuser; a counter
accusation.
Accusations and recriminations passed back ward and
forward between the contending parties.
Macaulay.
Re*crim"i*na*tive (-n?*t?v), a.
Recriminatory.
Re*crim"i*na`tor (-n?`t?r), n.
One who recriminates.
Re*crim"i*na*to*ry (-n?*t?*r?), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82criminatoire.] Having the
quality of recrimination; retorting accusation;
recriminating.
Re*cross" (r?*kr?s";115), v. t.
To cross a second time.
Re*cru"den*cy (r?*kr?"den*s?),
n. Recrudescence.
{ Re`cru*des"cence
(r?`kr?*d?s"sens), Re`cru*des`cen*cy
(-d?s"sen*s?), } n. [Cf.
F. recrudescence.]
1. The state or condition of being
recrudescent.
A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land]
to chronic poverty and waste.
Duke of Argyll.
2. (Med.) Increased severity of a
disease after temporary remission.
Dunglison.
Re`cru*des"cent (-sent), a.
[L. recrudescens, -entis, p.pr. of
recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re-
re- + crudescere to become hard or raw: cf. F.
recrudescent.] 1. Growing raw,
sore, or painful again.
2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or
supression; as, a recrudescent epidemic.
Re*cruit" (r?*kr?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Recruited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Recruiting.] [F.
recruter, corrupted (under influence of
recrue recruiting, recruit, from
recro, p.p. recr, to grow again)
from an older recluter, properly, to patch, to mend (a
garment); pref. re- + OF. clut piece, piece
of cloth; cf. Icel. kl kerchief, E.
clout.] 1. To repair by fresh
supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or deficiency in;
as, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise
recruit the spirits.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their
color.
Glanvill.
2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew
in strength or health; to reinvigorate.
3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up
or make up by enlistment; as, he recruited two
regiments; the army was recruited for a campaign;
also, to muster; to enlist; as, he recruited fifty
men.
M. Arnold.
Re*cruit", v. i. 1. To gain new
supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh, spirits, or
the like; to recuperate; as, lean cattle recruit in
fresh pastures.
2. To gain new supplies of men for military or
other service; to raise or enlist new soldiers; to enlist
troops.
Re*cruit", n. 1. A supply of
anything wasted or exhausted; a re\'89nforcement.
The state is to have recruits to its strength, and
remedies to its distempers.
Burke.
2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the
army; a newly enlisted soldier.
Re*cruit"er, n. One who, or that which,
recruits.
Re*cruit"ment (-ment), n.
The act or process of recruiting; especially, the enlistment
of men for an army.
Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion
(r?*kr?s`tal?*z?"sh?n), n.
(Chem. & Min.) The process or
recrystallizing.
Re*crys"tal*lize (r?*kr?s"tal*l?z),
v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.) To
crystallize again.
Henry.
Rec"tal (r?k"tal), a.
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the
region of the rectum.
Rec"tan`gle (r?k"t??`g'l), n.
[F., fr. L. rectus right + angulus
angle. See Right, and Angle.]
(Geom.) A four-sided figure having only right
angles; a right-angled parallelogram.
rectangle is expressed
by the product of its two dimensions, the term
rectangle is sometimes used for product;
as, the rectangle of a and b,
that is, ab.
Rec"tan`gle, a. Rectangular.
[R.]
Rec"tan`gled (-g'ld), a.
Rectangular.
Hutton.
Rec*tan"gu*lar (r?k*t?n"g?*l?r), a.
[CF. F. rectangulaire.] Right-angled;
having one or more angles of ninety degrees. --
Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly
(r, adv. --
Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.
Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n.
The quality or condition of being rectangular, or
right-angled.
Rec"ti- (r?k"t?*). [L. rectus
straight.] A combining form signifying
straight; as, rectilineal, having
straight lines; rectinerved.
Rec"ti*fi`a*ble (r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l),
a. 1. Capable of being rectified;
as, a rectifiable mistake.
<-- p. 1202 -->
2. (Math.) Admitting, as a curve, of the
construction of a straight l
Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. rectification.]
1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the
rectification of an error; the rectification of
spirits.
After the rectification of his views, he was
incapable of compromise with profounder shapes of error.
De Quincey.
2. (Geom.) The determination of a
straight line whose length is equal a portion of a curve.
Rectification of a globe (Astron.),
its adjustment preparatory to the solution of a proposed
problem.
Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor (r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r),
n. (Chem.) That which rectifies or
refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more
volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the
process of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.
Rec"ti*fi`er (r?k"t?*f?`?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, rectifies.
2. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) An
instrument used for determining and rectifying the variations of
the compass on board ship. (b) (Chem.) A
rectificator.<-- (Elec.) A device to convert alternating
current to direct current. -->
Rec"ti*fy (-f?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rectified
(-f?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Rectifying
(-f?`?ng).] [F. rectifier,
LL. rectificare; L. rectus right +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Right, and
-fy.] 1. To make or set right; to
correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend;
as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to
rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to
rectify disorders.
I meant to rectify my conscience.
Shak.
This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would
have rectified.
Burke.
2. (Chem.) To refine or purify by
repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine parts of
a substance are separated from the grosser; as, to
rectify spirit of wine.
3. (Com.) To produce ( as factitious gin
or brandy) by redistilling low wines or ardent spirits (whisky,
rum, etc.), flavoring substances, etc., being added.
<-- (Elec.) To convert (alternating current) to direct current.
-->
To rectify a globe, to adjust it in order to
prepare for the solution of a proposed problem.
Syn. -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform;
redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See Amend.
{ Rec`ti*lin"e*al (-l?n"?*al),
Rec`ti*lin"e*ar (-l?n"?*?r), }
a. [Recti- + lineal,
linear.] Straight; consisting of a straight
line or lines; bounded by straight lines; as, a
rectineal angle; a rectilinear figure or
course. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly,
adv. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly,
adv.
Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-?r"?*t?), n.
The quality or state of being rectilinear.
Coleridge.
Rec`ti*lin"e*ous (-?s), a.
Rectilinear. [Obs.]
Ray.
Rec"ti*nerved` (r?k"t?*n?rrvd`), a.
[Recti- + nerve.]
(Bot.) Having the veins or nerves straight; --
said of leaves.
Rec"tion (r?k"sh?n), n. [L.
rectio, fr. regere to rule or
govern.] (Gram.) See Government,
n., 7.
Gibbs.
Rec`ti*ros"tral (r?k`t?*r?s"tral),
a. [Recti- +
rostral.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a
straight beak.
Rec`ti*se"ri*al (-s?"r?*al),
a. [Recti- +
serial.] (Bot.) Arranged in
exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; --
opposed to curviserial.
\'d8Rec*ti"tis (r?k*t?"t?s), n.
[NL. See Rectum, and -itis.]
(Med.) Proctitis.
Dunglison.
Rec"ti*tude (r?k"t?*t?d), n.
[L. rectitudo, fr. rectus right,
straight: cf. F. rectitude. See Right.]
1. Straightness. [R.]
Johnson.
2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact
conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed for moral
conduct, either by divine or human laws; uprightness of mind;
uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.
3. Right judgment. [R.]
Sir G. C. Lewis.
Syn. -- See Justice.
Rec"to- (r?k"t?*). A combining form
indicating connection with, or relation to,
the rectum; as, recto-vesical.
Rec"to, n. [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de
recto. See Right.] (Law)
A writ of right.
Rec"to, n. [Cf. F.
recto.] (Print.) The right-hand
page; -- opposed to verso.
Rec"tor (r?k"t?r), n. [L., fr.
regere, rectum, to lead straight, to rule:
cf. F. recteur. See Regiment,
Right.]
1. A ruler or governor.[R.]
God is the supreme rector of the world.
Sir M. Hale.
2. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) A
clergyman who has the charge and cure of a parish, and has the
tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the tithes are not
impropriate. See the Note under Vicar. Blackstone.
(b) (Prot. Epis. Ch.) A clergyman in
charge of a parish.
3. The head master of a public school.
[Scot.]
4. The chief elective officer of some universities,
as in France and Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college;
as, the Rector of Exeter College, or of Lincoln
College, at Oxford.
5. (R.C.CH.) The superior officer or
chief of a convent or religious house; and among the Jesuits the
superior of a house that is a seminary or college.
Rec"tor*al (-al), a.
[CF. F. rectoral.] Pertaining to a
rector or governor.
Rec"tor*ate (-?t), n. [LL.
rectoratus: cf. F. rectorat.]
The office, rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.
Rec"tor*ess, n. 1. A governess;
a rectrix.
Drayton.
2. The wife of a rector.
Thackeray.
Rec*to"ri*al (r?k*t?"r?*al),
a.Pertaining to a rector or a rectory;
rectoral.
Shipley.
Rec"tor*ship (r?k"t?r*sh?p), n.
1. Government; guidance. [Obs.]
\'bdThe rectorship of judgment.\'b8
Shak.
2. The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.
Rec"to*ry (-t?*r?), n.; pl.
Rectories (-r. [Cf. OF.
rectorie or rectorerie, LL.
rectoria.] 1. The province of a
rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual living, with all
its rights, tithes, and glebes.
2. A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.
Rec`to-u"ter*ine (-?"t?r*?n or *?n),
a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the uterus.
Rec`to*vag"i*nal (r?k`t?*v?j"?*nal),
a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the vagina.
Rec`to-ves"i*cal (-v?s"?*kal),
a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both
the rectum and the bladder.
Rec"tress (r?k"tr?s), n. A
rectoress.
B. Jonson.
\'d8Rec"trix (-tr?ks), n.; pl.
Rectrices (-tr. [L.,
fem. of rector.] 1. A governess; a
rectoress.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the quill feathers
of the tail of a bird.
Rec"tum (-t?m), n. [NL. (sc.
intestinum), fr. L. rectus straight. See
Right.] (Anat.) The terminal part
of the large intestine; -- so named because supposed by the old
anatomists to be straight. See Illust. under
Digestive.
\'d8Rec"tus (-t?s), n.; pl.
Recti (-t. [NL., fr. L.
regere to keep straight.] (Anat.)
A straight muscle; as, the recti of the
eye.
Rec`u*ba"tion (r?k`?*b?"sh?n), n.
[L. recubare to lie upon the back.]
Recumbence. [Obs.]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*cule" (r?*k?l"), v. i. To
recoil. [Obs.]
Spenser.
{ Re*cule" (r?*k?l"),
Re*cule"ment (-ment), }
n. [F. reculement.]
Recoil. [Obs.]
Re*cumb" (-k?m"), v. i. [L.
recumbere; pref. re- back +
cumbere (in comp.), akin to cubare to lie
down.] To lean; to recline; to repose.
[Obs.]
J. Allen (1761).
Re*cum"bence (r?*k?m"bens),
n. The act of leaning, resting, or reclining; the
state of being recumbent.
Re*cum"ben*cy (-ben*s?), n.
Recumbence.
Re*cum"bent (-bet), a.
[L. recumbens, -entis, p. pr. of
recumbere. See Recumb,
Incumbent.] Leaning; reclining; lying;
as, the recumbent posture of the Romans at their
meals. Hence, figuratively; Resting; inactive; idle.
-- Re*cum"bent*ly,
adv.
Re*cu"per*a*ble (r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l),
a. [Cf.F. r\'82cup. See
Recover.] Recoverable.
Sir T. Elyot.
Re*cu"per*ate (-?t), v. i.
[imp. &. p. p. Recuperated
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recuperating.]
[L.recuperatus,p.p. of recuperare. See
Recover to get again.] To recover health; to
regain strength; to convalesce.
Re*cu"per*ate, v. t. To recover; to
regain; as, to recuperate the health or
strength.
Re*cu`per*a"tion (-?`sh?n), n..
[L. recuperatio: cf. F.
r\'82cup.] Recovery, as of
anything lost, especially of the health or strength.
{ Re*cu"per*a*tive (-?*t?v),
Re*cu"per*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), }
a. [L. recuperativus,
recuperatorius.] Of or pertaining to
recuperation; tending to recovery.
Re*cu"per*a`tor (r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r),
n. [Cf. L. recuperator a
recoverer.] (Steel Manuf.) Same as
Regenerator.
Re*cur" (r?*k?r"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Recurred
(-k?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recurring.] [L. recurrere;
pref.re- re- + currere to run. See
Current.] 1. To come back; to return
again or repeatedly; to come again to mind.
When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea
will recur in the mind when the word is heard.
I. Watts.
2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to
some regular rule; as, the fever will recur
to-night.
3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for
help.
If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they
recur to the \'bdpunctum stans\'b8 of the schools,
they will thereby very little help us to a more positive idea of
infinite duration.
Locke.
Recurring decimal (Math.), a
circulating decimal. See under Decimal. --
Recurring series (Math.), an algebraic
series in which the coefficients of the several terms can be
expressed by means of certain preceding coefficients and
constants in one uniform manner.
Re*cure" (r?*k?r"), v. t. [Cf.
Recover.] 1. To arrive at; to reach;
to attain. [Obs.]
Lydgate.
2. To recover; to regain; to repossess.
[Obs.]
When their powers, impaired through labor long,
With due repast, they had recured well.
Spenser.
3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the
like; to repair.
In western waves his weary wagon did recure.
Spenser.
4. To be a cure for; to remedy.
[Obs.]
No medicine
Might avail his sickness to recure.
Lydgate.
Re*cure", n. Cure; remedy;
recovery. [Obs.]
But whom he hite, without recure he dies.
Fairfax.
Re*cure"less, a. Incapable of
cure. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
{ Re*cur"rence (r?*k?r"rens),
Re*cur"ren*cy (-ren*s?), }
n. [Cf. F. r\'82currence.]
The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return;
resort; recourse.
I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent
recurrence to the dangerous preparations.
I. Taylor.
Re*cur"rent (-rent), a.
[L. recurrens, -entis, p. pr. of
recurrere: cf.F. r\'82current. See
Recur.] 1. Returning from time to
time; recurring; as, recurrent pains.
2. (Anat.) Running back toward its
origin; as, a recurrent nerve or artery.
Recurrent fever. (Med.) See
Relapsing fever, under Relapsing. --
Recurrent pulse (Physiol.), the pulse
beat which appears (when the radial artery is compressed at the
wrist) on the distal side of the point of pressure through the
arteries of the palm of the hand. -- Recurrent
sensibility (Physiol.), the sensibility
manifested by the anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord
(their stimulation causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory
fibers from the corresponding sensory or posterior
roots.
Re*cur"sant (r?*k?r"sant),
a. [L. recursans, -antis,
p. pr. of recursare to run back, v. freq. of
recurrere. See Recure.]
(Her.) Displayed with the back toward the
spectator; -- said especially of an eagle.
Re*cur"sion (-sh?n), n. [L.
recursio. See Recur.] The act of
recurring; return. [Obs.]
Boyle.
<-- (Math.) The calculation of a mathematical expression (or a
quantity) by repeating an operation on another expression which
was derived by application of the same operation, on an
expression which itself was the result of similar repeated
applications of that same operation on prior results. The series
of operations is terminated by specifying an initial or terminal
condition.
(Computers) A programming technique in which a function calls
itself as a subfunction. Such calls may be repeated in series to
arbitrary depth, provided that a terminating condition is given
so that the final (deepest) call will return a value (rather than
continue to recurse), which then permits the next higher call to
return a value, and so forth, until the original call returns a
value to the calling program. -->
Re*cur"vate (r?*k?r"v?t), a.
[L. recurvatus, p. p. of recurvare.
See Re-, and Curvate.] (Bot.)
Recurved.
Re*cur"vate (-v?t), v. t. To
bend or curve back; to recurve.
Pennant.
Re`cur*va"tion (r?`k?r*v?"sh?n), n.
The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a
bending or flexure backward.
Re*curve" (r?*k?rv"), v. t. To
curve in an opposite or unusual direction; to bend back or
down.
Re*curved" (r?*k?rvd"), a.
Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; bent back;
as, a bird with a recurved bill; flowers with
recurved petals.
Re*cur`vi*ros"ter (r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r),
n. [L. recurvus bent back +
rostrum beack; cf. F.
r\'82curvirostre.] (Zool.) A
bird whose beak bends upward, as the avocet.
Re*cur`vi*ros"tral (-tral),
a. [See Recurviroster.]
(Zo\'94l.) Having the beak bent upwards.
Re*cur"vi*ty (r?*k?r"v?*t?), n.
Recurvation.
Re*cur"vous (-v?s), a. [L.
recurvus; pref. re- re + curvus
curved.] Recurved.
Derham.
Re*cu"san*cy (r?*k?"zan*s? , n. The state of being recusant;
nonconformity.
Coke.
Re*cu"sant (-zat; 277),
a.[L. recusans, -antis,
p.pr. of recure to refuse, to oject to; pref.
re- re + causa a cause, pretext: cf. F.
r\'82cusant. See Cause, and cf.
Ruse.] Obstinate in refusal; specifically, in
English history, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the
king in the churc, or to conform to the established rites of the
church; as, a recusant lord.
It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the
Countess of Derby, a recusant papist.
Sir W. Scott.
Re*cu"sant, n. 1. One who is
obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly against general
practice or opinion.
The last rebellious recusants among the European
family of nations.
De Quincey.
2. (Eng. Hist.) A person who refuses to
acknowledge the supremacy of the king in matters of religion;
as, a Roman Catholic recusant, who acknowledges the
supremacy of the pope.
Brande & C.
3. One who refuses communion with the Church of
England; a nonconformist.
All that are recusants of holy rites.
Holyday.
Re`u*sa"tion (r?k`?*z?"sh?n), n.
[L. recusatio: cf. F.
r\'82cusation.] 1. Refusal.
[Obs.]
2. (Old Law) The act of refusing a judge
or challenging that he shall not try the cause, on account of his
supposed partiality.
Blackstone.
Re*cu"sa*tive (r?*k?"z?*t?v), a.
Refusing; denying; negative. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Re*cuse" (r?*k?z"), v. t. [F.
r\'82cuser, or L. recusare. See
Recusant.] (Law) To refuse or
reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge shall not try the
cause. [Obs.]
Sir K. Digby.
Re*cus"sion (r?*k?sh"?n), n.
[L. recutire, recussum, to beat back;
pref. re- re- + quatere to shake.]
The act of beating or striking back.
Red (r?d), obs. . imp. &
p. p. of Read.
Spenser.
Red, v. t. To put on order; to make
tidy; also, to free from entanglement or embarrassement; --
generally with up; as, to red up a
house. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Red, a. [Compar.
Redder (-d?r); superl.
Reddest.] [OE. red,
reed, AS. re, re; akin
to OS. r, OFries, r, D.
rood, G. roht, rot, OHG.
r, Dan. & Sw. r, Icel.
rau, rj, Goth.
r, W. rhudd, Armor. ruz,
Ir. & Gael. ruadh, L. ruber,
rufus, Gr. , Skr.
rudhira, rohita; cf. L. rutilus.
Erysipelas, Rouge,
Rubric, Ruby, Ruddy, Russet,
Rust.] Of the color of blood, or of a tint
resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or
of the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet
part. \'bdFresh flowers, white and reede.\'b8
Chaucer.
Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any
rose.
Shak.
Red is a general term, including many
different shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange
red, and the like.
Red is often used in the formation of
self-explaining compounds; as, red-breasted,
red-cheeked, red-faced,
red-haired, red-headed,
red-skinned, red-tailed,
red-topped, red-whiskered,
red-coasted.
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta) common in both Europe and
America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange red band.
The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle
butterfly. -- Red ant.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small ant
(Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses.
(b) A larger reddish ant (Formica
sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is one of the
slave-making species. -- Red antimony
(Min.), kermesite. See Kermes mineral
(b), under Kermes. -- Red ash
(Bot.), an American tree (Fraxinus
pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less valuable
for timber. Cray. -- Red bass.
(Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d).
-- Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea
Caroliniensis) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in
the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona
prolifera), common on oyster shells and stones.
[Local, U.S.] -- Red birch
(Bot.), a species of birch (Betula
nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red
blindness. (Med.) See
Daltonism. -- Red book, a book
containing the names of all the persons in the service of the
state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the
Exchequer, an ancient record in which are registered
the names of all that held lands per baroniam in the
time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red
brass, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and
three of zinc. -- Red bug. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man,
and produces great irritation by its bites. (b)
A red hemipterous insect of the genus Pyrrhocoris,
especially the European species (P. apterus), which is
bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree trunks.
(c) See Cotton stainder, under
Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.)
An evergreen North American tree (Juniperus
Virginiana) having a fragrant red-colored heartwood.
(b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also
toon tree in India. <-- p. 1203 --> --
Red chalk. See under Chalk. --
Red copper (Min.), red oxide of copper;
cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.),
the precious coral (Corallium rubrum). See
Illusts. of Coral and
Gorgonlacea. -- Red cross. The cross
of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva
convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant.
(Bot.) See Currant. -- Red
deer. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common
stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the
American elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer.
See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck
(Fuligula nyroca); -- called also ferruginous
duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.)
See Grenadillo. -- Red empress
(Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise
shell. -- Red fir (Bot.), a
coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from
British Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable
timber. The name is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as
the Norway spruce and the American Abies magnifica and
A. nobilis. -- Red fire.
(Pyrotech.) See Blue fire, under
Fire. -- Red flag. See under
Flag. -- Red fox (Zo\'94l.),
the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is
usually reddish in color. -- Red grouse
(Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See
under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name
given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus
(Eucalyptus amygdalina, resinifera, etc.)
which yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus. --
Red hand (Her.), a left hand
appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark
of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
-- called also Badge of Ulster. -- Red
herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<--
Fig. something that merely distracts attention from the basic
issue; esp. something irrelevant to the issue at hand, or
something which is not true or does not exist. --> -- Red
horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large
American red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma
macrolepidotum and allied species. (b)
See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead.
(Chem) See under Lead, and
Minium. -- Red-lead ore.
(Min.) Same as Crocoite. -- Red
liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting
essentially of aluminium acetate, used as a mordant in the
fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so called because
used originally for red dyestuffs. Called also red
mordant. -- Red maggot
(Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat midge. --
Red manganese. (Min.) Same as
Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one of
the American Indians; -- so called from his color. --
Red maple (Bot.), a species of maple
(Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red
mite. (Zo\'94l.) See Red
spider, below. -- Red mulberry
(Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark purple
color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See
Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.),
a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color.
-- Red perch (Zo\'94l.), the
rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.)
See under Phosphorus. -- Red pine
(Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. --
Red precipitate. See under
Precipitate. -- Red Republican
(European Politics), originally, one who
maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because a
red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red
ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in
England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.)
See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. --
Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange
tree in California and Australia. -- Red silver
(Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or reddish
black color. It includes proustite, or light red
silver, and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver.
-- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a large fish
(Lutlanus aya ) abundant in the Gulf
of Mexico and about the Florida reefs. -- Red
snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic unicellular alga
(Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of
scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions. --
Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral
softening in which the affected parts are red, -- a condition due
either to infarction or inflammation. -- Red
spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning
mite (Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often
destroys, plants of various kinds, especially those cultivated in
houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of
the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult
insects are usually pale red. Called also red
mite. -- Red squirrel
(Zo\'94l.), the chickaree. -- Red
tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up
documents, etc.; hence, official formality and
delay.<--excessive bureaucratic paperwork --> -- Red
underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The
numerous species are mostly large and handsomely colored. The
under wings are commonly banded with bright red or orange.
-- Red water, a disease in cattle, so called from
an appearance like blood in the urine.
Red (r?d), n. 1. The
color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from
violet, or a tint resembling these. \'bdCelestial rosy
red, love's proper hue.\'b8
Milton.
2. A red pigment.
3. (European Politics) An abbreviation
for Red Republican. See under Red, a.
[Cant]
4. pl. (Med.) The
menses.
Dunglison.
<-- 5. Informal name for a Communist. -->
English red, a pigment prepared by the Dutch,
similar to Indian red. -- Hypericum red, a
red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum. --
Indian red. See under Indian, and
Almagra.
Re*dact" (r?*d?kt"), v. t. [L.
redactus, p. p. of redigere; pref.
red-, re-, again, back + agere
to put in motion, to drive.] To reduce to form, as
literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for
publication); to edit.
\'d8R\'82`dac`teur"
(r, n.
[F.] See Redactor.
Re*dac"tion (r?*d?k"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82daction.] The act of
redacting; work produced by redacting; a digest.
Re*dac"tor (-t?r), n. One who
redacts; one who prepares matter for publication; an
editor.
Carlyle.
Re*dan" (r?*d?n"), n. [F., for
OF. redent a double notching or jagging, as in the
teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
dens, dentis, a tooth. Cf.
Redented.] [Written sometimes
redent and redens.] 1.
(Fort.) A work having two parapets whose faces
unite so as to form a salient angle toward the enemy.
2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven
ground, to keep the parts level.
Red*ar"gue (r?d*?r"g?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Redargued
(-g?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Redarguing.] [L. redarguere;
pref. red-, re- re- + arguere
to accuse, charge with: cf. F. r\'82darguer.]
To disprove; to refute; toconfute; to reprove; to
convict. [Archaic]
How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue
me at doomsday, and the angels reproach my lukewarmness?
Jer. Taylor.
Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external
objects has, as far as I know, been redargued in three
different ways.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Red`ar*gu"tion (r?d`?r*g?"sh?n), n.
[L. redargutio.] The act of
redarguing; refutation. [Obs. or R.]
Bacon.
Red`ar*gu"to*ry (-t?*r?), a.
Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.
[R.]
Red"back` (r?d"b?k`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The dunlin. [U. S.]
Red"bel`ly (-b?l`l?), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The char.
Red"bird` (-b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The cardinal bird.
(b) The summer redbird (Piranga
rubra). (c) The scarlet tanager. See
Tanager.
Red"breast` (-br?st`), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European
robin. (b) The American robin. See
Robin. (c) The knot, or red-breasted
snipe; -- called also robin breast, and
robin snipe. See Knot.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The long-eared pondfish.
See Pondfish.
Red"bud` (-b?d`), n.
(Bot.) A small ornamental leguminous tree of the
American species of the genus Cercis. See Judas
tree, under Judas.
Red"cap`, n. 1. (Zo\'94l)
The European goldfinch.
2. A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed
to haunt old castles in Scotland. [Scot.]
Jamieson.
Red"coat` (-k, n. One
who wears a red coat; specifically, a red-coated British
soldier.
Red"de (-de), obs. imp. of
Read, or Rede.
Chaucer.
Red"den (r?d"d'n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reddened
(-d'nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reddening.] [From Red,
a.] To make red or somewhat red; to give a
red color to.
Red"den, v. i. To grow or become red; to
blush.
Appius reddens at each word you speak.
Pope.
He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek
reddened than his obstinacy was at once subbued.
Sir W. SCott.
\'d8Red*den"dum (r?d*d?n"d?m), n.
[Neut. of L. reddendus that must be given back or
yielded, gerundive of reddere. See
Reddition.] (Law) A clause in a
deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had been
granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a
lease.
Cruise.
Red"dish (r?d"d?sh), a.
Somewhat red; moderately red. --
Red"dish*ness, n.
Red*di"tion (r?d*d?sh"?n),
n.[L. redditio, fr.
reddere to give back, to return: cf. F.
reddition. See Render.]
1. Restoration: restitution: surrender.
Howell.
2. Explanation; representation.
[R.]
The reddition or application of the comparison.
Chapman.
Red"di**tive (r?d"d?*t?v), a.
[L. redditivus.] (Gram.)
Answering to an interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply;
as, redditive words.
Red"dle (r?d"d'l), n. [From
Red; cf. G. r. Cf.
Ruddle.] (Min.) Red chalk. See
under Chalk.
Red"dour (r?d"d?r), n. [F.
raideur, fr. raide stiff.]
Rigor; violence. [Obs.]
Gower.
Rede (r?d), v. t. [See
Read, v. t.] 1. To advise
or counsel. [Obs. or Scot.]
I rede that our host here shall begin.
Chaucer.
2. To interpret; to explain.
[Obs.]
My sweven [dream] rede aright.
Chaucer.
Rede, n. [See Read,
n.] 1. Advice; counsel;
suggestion. [Obs. or Scot.]
Burns.
There was none other remedy ne reed.
Chaucer.
2. A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise
saw. [Obs.] \'bdThis rede is
rife.\'b8
Spenser.
Re*deem" (r?*d?m"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Redeemed.
(-dp. pr. & vb. n.
Redeeming.] [F. r\'82dimer,
L. redimere; pref. red-, re- re-
+ emere, emptum, to buy, originally, to
take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.), Lith. imti.
Cf. Assume, Consume, Exempt,
Premium, Prompt, Ransom.]
1. To purchase back; to regain possession of by
payment of a stipulated price; to repurchase.
If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may
redeem it within a whole year after it is sold.
Lev. xxv. 29.
2. Hence, specifically: (a) (Law)
To recall, as an estate, or to regain, as mortgaged
property, by paying what may be due by force of the
mortgage. (b) (Com.) To regain by
performing the obligation or condition stated; to discharge the
obligation mentioned in, as a promissory note, bond, or other
evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank notes with
coin.
3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or
bondage, or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be
forfeited, by paying a price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to
recover; as, to redeem a captive, a pledge, and the
like.
Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles.
Ps. xxv. 22.
The Almighty from the grave
Hath me redeemed.
Sandys.
4. (Theol.) Hence, to rescue and deliver
from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's violated
law.
Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law,
being made a curse for us.
Gal. iii. 13.
5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill;
as, to redeem one's promises.
I will redeem all this on Percy's head.
Shak.
6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to
serve as an equivalent or offset for; to atone for; to
compensate; as, to redeem an error.
Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem
Man's mortal crime?
Milton.
It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows.
Shak.
To redeem the time, to make the best use of
it.
Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (-?*b?l"?*t?), n.
Redeemableness.
Re*deem"a*ble (-?*b;l), a.
1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to
repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; as,
a pledge securing the payment of money is
redeemable.
2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion;
conditioned upon a promise of redemtion; payable; due; as,
bonds, promissory notes, etc. , redeemabble in
gold, or in current money, or four months after date.
Re*deem"a*ble*ness (r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s),
n. The quality or state of being redeemable;
redeemability.
Re*deem"er (r?*d?m"?r), n.
1. One who redeems.
2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus
Christ.
Rede"less (r?d"l?s), a. Without
rede or counsel. [Obs.]
Re`de*lib"er*ate (r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t), v. t.
& i. To deliberate again; to reconsider.
Re`de*liv"er (r?`d?*l?v"?r), v. t.
1. To deliver or give back; to return.
Ay
2. To deliver or liberate a second time or
again.
3. To report; to deliver the answer of.
[R.] \'bdShall I redeliver you e'en
so?\'b8
Shak.
Re`de*liv"er*ance (-ans),
n. A second deliverance.
Re`de*liv"er*y (-?), n. 1.
Act of delivering back.
2. A second or new delivery or liberation.
Re`de*mand" (r?`d\'b5-m?nd"), v. t.
[Pref. re- back, again + demand: cf.
F. redemander.] To demand back; to demand
again.
Re`de*mand", n. A demanding back; a
second or renewed demand.
Re`de*mise" (-m?z"), v. t. To
demise back; to convey or transfer back, as an estate.
Re`de*mise", n. (Law) The
transfer of an estate back to the person who demised it;
reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an
estate. See under Demise.
Re*dem"on*strate (r?*d?m"?n*str?t , v. t. To demonstrate
again, or anew.
Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the
experience of the individual man before he is capable of
utilizing it as a constituent of character or a guide in
action.
Lowell.
Re*demp"ti*ble (r?*d?mp"t?*b'l), a.
Redeemable.
Re-demp"tion (-sh?n), n. [F.
r\'82demption, L. redemptio. See
Redeem, and cf. Ransom.] The act of
redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; repurchase; ransom;
release; rescue; deliverance; as, the redemption of
prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and
cargo. Specifically: (a) (Law)
The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or the taking
back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or
conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming
and re\'89ntering upon an estate mortgaged. See
Equity of redemption, under Equity.
(b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation
stated in a note, bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by
making payment to the holder. (c)
(Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the
sufferings and death of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of
sinners from the bondage of sin and the penalties of God's
violated law.
In whom we have redemption through his blood.
Eph. i. 7.
Re*demp"tion*a*ry (-?*r?), n.
One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.]
Hakluyt.
Re*demp"tion*er (-?r), n.
1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or
servitude.
2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from
Europe to America, sold his services for a stipulated time to pay
the expenses of his passage.
Re*demp"tion*ist, n. (R.C.Ch.)
A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- so called because the
order was especially devoted to the redemption of Christians held
in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also
Trinitarian.
Re*demp"tive (-t?v), a.Serving
or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, the redemptive
work of Christ.
Re*demp"tor*ist (-t?r*?st), n.
[F. r\'82demptoriste, fr. L. redemptor
redeemer, from redinere. See Redeem.]
(R.C.Ch.) One of the Congregation of the Most
Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus Maria
de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at
Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to
preaching to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and
are forbidden by their rule to engage in the instruction of
youth.
Re*demp"to*ry (-t?*r?), a. Paid
for ransom; serving to redeem. \'bdHector's
redemptory price.\'b8
Chapman.
Re*demp"ture (-t?r; 135), n.
Redemption. [Obs.]
Re*dent"ed (r?*d?nt"?d), a.
[From OF. redent. See Redan.]
Formed like the teeth of a saw; indented.
Re`de*pos"it (r?`d?*p?z"?t), v. t.
To deposit again.
Re`de*scend" (-s?nd"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + descend: cf. F.
redescendre.] To descend again.
Howell.
Red"eye` (r?d"?`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The rudd.
(b) Same as Redfish.
(d). (c) The goggle-eye, or
fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.]
<-- (d) [Colloq.] A scheduled public conveyance, such as a train
or airplane, which travels late at night or overnight. -->
Red"fin` (-f?n`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small North American dace
(Minnilus cornutus, or Notropis megalops).
The male, in the breeding season, has bright red fins. Called
also red dace, and shiner.
Applied also to Notropis ardens, of the Mississippi
valley.
Red"finch` (-f, n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European linnet.
Red"fish` (r, n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The blueback salmon of
the North Pacific; -- called also nerka. See
Blueback. (b).
(b)
The rosefish. (c) A large California
labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); -- called
also fathead. (d) The red
bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note under
Drumfish.
Red"-gum` (-g?m`), n. [OE.
reed gounde; AS. re\'a0d red +
gund matter, pus.] 1. (Med.)
An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and arms, in
early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus.
Good.
2. A name of rust on grain. See
Rust.
<-- p. 1204 -->
{ Red"-hand` (r?d"h?nd`),
Red"-hand`ed (-h?nd`?d), } a. Having hands red with blood; in the very act, as
if with red or bloody hands; -- said of a person taken in the act
of homicide; hence, fresh from the commission of crime; as,
he was taken red-hand or red-handed.
<-- usu. caught red-handed -->
Red"head` (-h?d`), n. 1.
A person having red hair.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American
duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a game
bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and
its head brighter red. Called also red-headed
duck. American poachard,
grayback, and fall duck.
See Illust. under Poachard.
(b) The red-headed woodpecker. See
Woodpecker.
3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed
(Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. It is used
in medicine.
Red`hi*bi"tion (r?d`h?*b?sh"?n), n.
[L. redhibitio a taking back.] (Civil
Law) The annulling of a sale, and the return by the
buyer of the article sold, on account of some defect.
Red*hib"i*to*ry (r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?),
a. [L. redhibitorius.]
(Civil Law) Of or pertaining to redhibition;
as, a redhibitory action or fault.
Red"hoop` (r?d"h??p`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The male of the European
bullfinch. [Prov. Eng.]
Red"horn` (-h?rn`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any species of a tribe of butterflies
(Fugacia) including the common yellow species and the
cabbage butterflies. The antenn\'91 are usually red.
Red"-hot` (-h?t`), a. Red with
heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot iron;
red-hot balls. Hence, figuratively, excited;
violent; as, a red-hot radical.
Shak.
\'d8Re"di*a (r?"d?*?), n.; pl.
L. Redi\'91 (-Redias
(-. [NL.; of uncertain origin.]
(Zo\'94l.) A kind of larva, or nurse, which is
prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual
generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another
generation of redi\'91, or else cercari\'91 within its own body.
Called also proscolex, and
nurse. See Illustration in
Appendix.
Re"di*ent (r?"d?-ent), a.
[L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to
return; pref. red- + ire to go.]
Returning. [R.]
Re`di*gest" (r?`d?*j?st"), v. t.
To digest, or reduce to form, a second time.
Kent.
Re`di*min"ish (-m?n"?sh), v. t.
To diminish again.
Red"in*got (r?d"?n*g?t), n.
[F., corrupted from E. reding coat.] A
long plain double-breasted outside coat for women.
Re*din"te*grate (r?*d?n"t?*gr?t), a.
[L. redintegratus, p.p. of
redintegrare to restore; pref. red-,
re-, re- + integrare to make whole, to
renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.]
Restored to wholeness or a perfect state; renewed.
Bacon.
Re*din"te*grate (-gr?t), v. t.
To make whole again; a renew; to restore to integrity or
soundness.
The English nation seems obliterated. What could
redintegrate us again?
Coleridge.
Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n.
[L. redintegratio.] 1.
Restoration to a whole or sound state; renewal;
renovation.
Dr. H. More.
2. (Chem.) Restoration of a mixed body
or matter to its former nature and state.
[Achaic.]
Coxe.
3. (Psychology) The law that objects
which have been previously combined as part of a single mental
state tend to recall or suggest one another; -- adopted by many
philosophers to explain the phenomena of the association of
ideas.
Re`di*rect" (r?`d?*r?kt"), a.
(Law) Applied to the examination of a witness, by
the party calling him, after the cross-examination.
Re`dis*burse" (r?`d?s*b?rs"), v. t.
To disburse anew; to give, or pay, back.
Spenser.
Re`dis*cov"er (-k?v"?r), v. t.
To discover again.
Re`dis*pose" (-p?z"), v. t. To
dispose anew or again; to readjust; to rearrange.
A. Baxter.
Re`dis*seize" (-s?z"), v. t.
(Law) To disseize anew, or a second time.
[Written also redisseise.]
Re`dis*sei"zin (-s?"z?n), n.
(Law) A disseizin by one who once before was
adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands,
etc.; also, a writ which lay in such a case.
Blackstone.
Re`dis*sei"zor (-z?r), n.
(Law) One who redisseizes.
Re`dis*solve" (r?`d?z*z?lv"), v. t.
To dissolve again.
Re`dis*till" (r?`d?s*t?l"), v. t.
To distill again.
Re`dis*train"er (-tr?n"?r), n.
One who distrains again.
Re`dis*trib"ute (-tr?b"?t), v. t.
To distribute again.
-- Re*dis`tri*bu"tion
(-tr, n.
Re*dis"trict (-tr?kt), v. t. To
divide into new districts.
Re*di"tion (r?*d?sh"?n), n. [L.
reditio, fr. redire. See
Redient.] Act of returning; return.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
Re`di*vide" (r?`d?*v?d"), v. t.
To divide anew.
{ Red"leg` (r?d"l?g`), Red`legs`
(-l?gz`), } n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The redshank. (b) The
turnstone.
Red"-let`ter (-l?t`t?r), a. Of
or pertaining to a red letter; marked by red letters.
Red-letter day, a day that is fortunate or
auspicious; -- so called in allusion to the custom of marking
holy days, or saints' days, in the old calendars with red
letters.
Red"ly, adv. In a red manner; with
redness.
Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of marine
food fishes of the genus Diabasis, or
H\'91mulon, of the Southern United States, having the
inside of the mouth bright red. Called also
flannelmouth, and
grunt.
Red"ness, n. [AS. r.
See Red.] The quality or state of being red;
red color.
{ Red"o*lence (r?d"?*lens),
Red"o*len*cy (-len*s?), }
n. The quality of being redolent; sweetness of
scent; pleasant odor; fragrance.
Red"o*lent (-lent), a.
[L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of
redolere to emit a scent, diffuse an odor; pref.
red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a
smell. See Odor.] Diffusing odor or
fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; odorous; smelling; --
usually followed by of. \'bdHoney
redolent of spring.\'bd Dryden. --
Red"o*lent*ly, adv.
Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth.
Gray.
Re*dou"ble (r?*d?b"'l), v. t.
[Pref. re- + double: cf. F. redoubler.
Cf. Reduplicate.] To double again or
repeatedly; to increase by continued or repeated additions; to
augment greatly; to multiply.
So they
Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe.
Shak.
<-- v. t. 2. (Contract bridge) To bid a redouble.
n. An optional bid made by the side currently
holding the highest bid for the contract, after the opposing side
has doubled. This bid increases the score for successfully
making the contract, and increases the penalties for failing.
The score or penalty depends on the number of tricks over or
under the contract, according to a defined schedule, and
depending on the vulnerability of the side attempting the
contract. -->
Re*dou"ble, v. i. To become greatly or
repeatedly increased; to be multiplied; to be greatly augmented;
as, the noise redoubles.
Re*doubt" (r?*dout"), n. [F.
redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL.
reductus, literally, a retreat, from L.
reductus drawn back, retired, p. p. of
reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F.
r\'82duit, also fr. LL. reductus. See
Reduce, and cf. Reduct, R,
Ridotto.] (Fort.) (a) A
small, and usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of
varying shape, commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and
without flanking defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of
hills and passes, and positions in hostile territory.
(b) In permanent works, an outwork placed within
another outwork. See F and i in
Illust. of Ravelin. [Written
also redout.]
Re*doubt", v. t. [F.
redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter;
fr. L. pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt,
in LL., to fear. See Doubt.] To stand in
dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.]
Re*doubt"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [F.
redoutable, formerly also spelt
redoubtable.] Formidable; dread; terrible
to foes; as, a redoubtable hero; hence,
valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written
also redoutable.]
Re*doubt"ed, a. Formidable; dread.
\'bdSome redoubled knight.\'b8
Spenser.
Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy.
Shak.
Re*doubt"ing, n. Reverence; honor.
[Obs.]
In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory.
Chaucer.
Re*dound" (r?*dound"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Redounded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Redounding.] [F.
redonder, L. redundare; pref.
red-, re-, re- + undare to rise
in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See
Undulate, and cf. Redundant.] 1.
To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven back;
to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to
contribute; to result.
The evil, soon
Driven back, redounded as a flood on those
From whom it sprung.
Milton.
The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds
to God, the author of it.
Rogers.
both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will
no small use redound from them to that
manufacture.
Addison.
2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be
redundant; to overflow.
For every dram of honey therein found,
A pound of gall doth over it redound.
Spenser.
Re*dound", n. 1. The coming
back, as of consequence or effect; result; return;
requital.
We give you welcome; not without redound
Of use and glory to yourselves ye come.
Tennyson.
2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.]
Codrington.
Red"ow*a (r?d"?*?), n. [F., fr.
Bohemian.] A Bohemian dance of two kinds, one in
triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, like a
polka. The former is most in use.
Red"pole` (r?d"p?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) Same as Redpoll.
Red"poll` (-p?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several
species of small northern finches of the genus
Acanthis (formerly \'92giothus), native of
Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The
male of the most common species (A. linarius) has
also the breast and rump rosy. Called also redpoll
linnet. See Illust. under
Linnet. (b) The common European
linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler
(Dendroica palmarum).
Re*draft" (r, v.
t. To draft or draw anew.
Re*draft", n. 1. A second draft
or copy.
2. (Com.) A new bill of exchange which
the holder of a protected bill draws on the drawer or indorsers,
in order to recover the amount of the protested bill with costs
and charges.
Re*draw" (r?*dr?"), v. t.
[imp. Redrew
(-dr?");p. p. Redrawn
(-dr\'b5n"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Redrawing.] To draw again; to make a
second draft or copy of; to redraft.
Re*draw", v. i. (Com.) To
draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of a protested bill,
on the drawer or indorsers.
Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + dress.] To dress
again.
Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [F.
redresser to straighten; pref. re- re- +
dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.]
1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend;
to revise. [R.]
The common profit could she redress.
Chaucer.
In yonder spring of roses intermixed
With myrtle, find what to redress till noon.
Milton.
Your wish that I should redress a certain paper
which you had prepared.
A. Hamilton.
2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an
injury; to make amends for; to remedy; to relieve from.
Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . .
I doubt not but with honor to redress.
Shak.
3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of
anything unjust or oppressive; to bestow relief upon.
\'bd'T is thine, O king! the afflicted to redress.\'b8
Dryden.
Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye?
Byron.
Re*dress", n. 1. The act of
redressing; a making right; reformation; correction;
amendment. [R.]
Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more
necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves.
Hooker.
2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or
opression; as, the redress of grievances;
hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification.
Shak.
A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for
redress when the cry is universal.
Davenant.
3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a
redresser.
Fair majesty, the refuge and redress
Of those whom fate pursues and wants oppress.
Dryden.
Re*dress"al (r?*dr?s"al),
n. Redress.
Re*dress"er (-?r), n. One who
redresses.
Re*dress"i*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Such as may be redressed.
Re*dress"ive (-?v), a. Tending
to redress.
Thomson.
Re*dress"less, a. Not having redress;
such as can not be redressed; irremediable.
Sherwood.
Re*dress"ment (-ment), n.
[Cf. F. redressement.] The act of
redressing; redress.
Jefferson.
Red"-rib`and (r?d"r?b`and),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The European red band
fish, or fireflame. See Rend fish.
Red"root` (r?d"r?t`), n.
(Bot.) A name of several plants having red roots,
as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the
bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an
endogenous plant found in sandy swamps from Rhode Island to
Florida.
Red`sear" (r?d`s?r"), v. i. To
be brittle when red-hot; to be red-short.
Moxon.
Red"shank` (r?d"sh?nk`), n.
1. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A common Old
World limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the
legs and feet pale red. The spotted redshank (T.
fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. Called also
redshanks, redleg, and
clee. (b) The
fieldfare.
2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous
appellation formerly given to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion
to their bare legs.
Spenser.
Red"-short` (-sh?rt`), a.
(Metal.) Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- said
of certain kinds of iron. --
Red"-short`ness, n.
Red"skin` (-sk?n`), n. A common
appellation for a North American Indian; -- so called from the
color of the skin.
Cooper.
<-- 2. (Football) A member of the Washington Redskins. -->
Red"start` (-st?rt`), n.
[Red + start tail.]
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, handsome
European singing bird (Ruticilla ph\'d2nicurus),
allied to the nightingale; -- called also
redtail, brantail,
fireflirt, firetail. The
black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied
to several other species of Ruticilla amnd allied
genera, native of India. (b) An American
fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male
is black, with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings,
and tail. The female is olive, with yellow patches.
Red"streak` (-str?k`), n.
1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked with
red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple.
Mortimer.
2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples.
Red"tail` (-t?l`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The red-tailed
hawk. (b) The European redstart.
Red"-tailed` (-t?ld`), a.
Having a red tail.
Red-tailed hawk (Zo\'94l.), a large
North American hawk (Buteo borealis). When adult its
tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck,
and red-tailed buzzard.
Red"-tape` (-t?p`), a.
Pertaining to, or characterized by, official formality. See
Red tape, under Red, a.
Red`-tap"ism (r?d`t?p"?z'm), n.
Strict adherence to official formalities.
J. C. Shairp.
Red`-tap"ist, n. One who is tenacious of
a strict adherence to official formalities.
Ld. Lytton.
Red"throat` (r?d"thr?t`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A small Australian singing bird
(Phyrrhol\'91mus brunneus). The upper parts are brown,
the center of the throat red.
Red"top` (-t?p`), n.
(Bot.) A kind of grass (Agrostis
vulgaris) highly valued in the United States for pasturage
and hay for cattle; -- called also English
grass, and in some localities herd's
grass. See Illustration in Appendix. The
tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides.
Re*dub" (r?*d?b"), v. t. [F.
radouber to refit or repair.] To refit; to
repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite.
[Obs.]
It shall be good that you redub that
negligence.
Wyatt.
God shall give power to redub it with some like requital
to the French.
Grafton.
Re*duce" (r, v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reduced
(-d,; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reducing (-d.]
[L. reducere, reductum; pref.
red-. re-, re- + ducere to
lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt,
n.] 1. To bring or lead back to
any former place or condition. [Obs.]
And to his brother's house reduced his wife.
Chapman.
The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great
Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates
reduce and direct us.
Evelyn.
2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to
rank, size, quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to
lower; to degrade; to impair; as, to reduce a
sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to
reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of
heat. \'bdAn ancient but reduced
family.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something
belonging to it, to reduce it.
Tillotson.
Having reduced
Their foe to misery beneath their fears.
Milton.
Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found
the clergyman reduced.
Hawthorne.
3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to
subdue; to capture; as, to reduce a province or a
fort.
<-- p. 1205 -->
4. To bring to a certain state or condition by
grinding, pounding, kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to
reduce a substance to powder, or to a pasty mass; to
reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp.
It were but right
And equal to reduce me to my dust.
Milton.
5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement,
classification, etc.; to bring under rules or within certain
limits of descriptions and terms adapted to use in computation;
as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a class or
classes; to reduce a series of observations in
astronomy; to reduce language to rules.
6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as
numbers, from one denomination into another without altering
their value, or from one denomination into others of the same
value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to
pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce
days and hours to minutes, or minutes to days and
hours. (b) To change the form of a
quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to
reduce fractions to their lowest terms, to a common
denominator, etc.
7. (Chem.) To bring to the metallic
state by separating from impurities; hence, in general, to remove
oxygen from; to deoxidize; to combine with, or to subject to the
action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron is reduced to
ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their
ores; -- opposed to oxidize.
8. (Med.) To restore to its proper place
or condition, as a displaced organ or part; as, to
reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a
hernia.
Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron
obtained through deoxidation of an oxide of iron by exposure to a
current of hydrogen or other reducing agent. When hydrogen is
used the product is called also iron by
hydrogen. -- To reduce an equation
(Alg.), to bring the unknown quantity by itself on
one side, and all the known quantities on the other side, without
destroying the equation. -- To reduce an
expression (Alg.), to obtain an equivalent
expression of simpler form. -- To reduce a square
(Mil.), to reform the line or column from the
square.
Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten;
curtail; impair; lower; subject; subdue; subjugate;
conquer.
Re*duce"ment (r?*d?s"ment),
n. Reduction.
Milton.
Re*du"cent (r?*d?"sent), a.
[L. reducens, p. pr. of
reducere.] Tending to reduce. --
n. A reducent agent.
Re*du"cer (-s?r), n. One who,
or that which, reduces.
Re*du"ci*ble (-s?*b'll), a.
Capable of being reduced.
Re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. Quality of being
reducible.
Re*du"cing (r?*d?"s?ng), a & n.
from Reduce.
Reducing furnace (Metal.), a
furnace for reducing ores. -- Reducing pipe
fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a
tee, etc., for connecting a large pipe with a smaller one.
-- Reducing valve, a device for automatically
maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, etc., in a
pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe in
which the pressure is higher than is desired in the
receiver.
Re*duct" (r?*d?kt"), v. t..
[L.reductus, p. p. of reducere. See
Reduce.] To reduce. [Obs.]
W. Warde.
Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty (r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?),
n. The quality of being reducible;
reducibleness.
Re*duc"tion (r?*d?k"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82duction, L. reductio. See
Reduce.] 1. The act of reducing, or
state of being reduced; conversion to a given state or condition;
diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a body to
powder; the reduction of things to order; the
reduction of the expenses of government; the
reduction of a rebellious province.
2. (Arith. & Alq.) The act or process of
reducing. See Reduce, v. t., 6. and To
reduce an equation, To reduce an expression,
under Reduce, v. t.
3. (Astron.) (a) The correction
of observations for known errors of instruments, etc.
(b) The preparation of the facts and measurements
of observations in order to deduce a general result.
4. The process of making a copy of something, as a
figure, design, or draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the
proper proportions.
Fairholt.
5. (Logic) The bringing of a syllogism
in one of the so-called imperfect modes into a mode in the first
figure.
6. (Chem. & Metal.) The act, process, or
result of reducing; as, the reduction of iron from
its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from
alcohol.
7. (Med.) The operation of restoring a
dislocated or fractured part to its former place.
Reduction ascending (Arith.), the
operation of changing numbers of a lower into others of a higher
denomination, as cents to dollars. -- Reduction
descending (Arith.), the operation of
changing numbers of a higher into others of a lower denomination,
as dollars to cents.
Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment;
subjugation; conquest; subjection.
Re*duc"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82ductif.] Tending to reduce; having the
power or effect of reducing. -- n. A
reductive agent.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*duc"tive*ly, adv. By reduction; by
consequence.
\'d8R\'82`duit" (r?`dw?"), n.
[F. See Redoubt, n. ]
(Fort.) A central or retired work within any
other work.
{ Re*dun"dance (r?*d?n"dans),
Re*dun"dan*cy (-dan*s?), }
n. [L. redundantia: cf. F.
redondance.]
1. The quality or state of being redundant;
superfluity; superabundance; excess.
2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything
superfluous or superabundant.
Labor . . . throws off redundacies.
Addison.
3. (Law) Surplusage inserted in a
pleading which may be rejected by the court without impairing the
validity of what remains.
Re*dun"dant (-dant), a.
[L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of
redundare: cf. F. redondant. See
Redound.] 1. Exceeding what is
natural or necessary; superabundant; exuberant; as, a
redundant quantity of bile or food.
Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they
do not increase fat so much as flesh.
Arbuthnot.
2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary
or useful; pleonastic.
Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs
to be retrenched.
I. Watts.
Syn. -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant;
overflowing; plentiful; copious.
Re*dun"dant*ly (r?*d?n"dant*l?),
adv. In a refundant manner.
Re*du"pli*cate (r?*d?"pl?*k?t), a.
[Pref. re- + duplicate: cf. L.
reduplicatus. Cf. Redouble.]
1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; repeated.
2. (Bot.) Valvate with the margins
curved outwardly; -- said of the
Re*du"pli*cate (-k?t), v. t.
[Cf. LL. reduplicare.]
1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat.
2. (Gram.) To repeat the first letter or
letters of (a word). See Reduplication,3.
Re*du`pli*ca"tion (-k?sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82duplication, L.
reduplicatio repetition.] 1. The
act of doubling, or the state of being doubled.
2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a
verse is the same as the last word of the preceding verse.
3. (Philol.) The doubling of a stem or
syllable (more or less modified), with the effect of changing the
time expressed, intensifying the meaning, or making the word more
imitative; also, the syllable thus added; as, L.
tetuli; poposci.
Re*du"pli*ca-tive (-k?*t?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82duplicatif.] Double;
formed by reduplication; reduplicate.
I. Watts.
Red"u*vid (r?d"?*v?d), n. [L.
reduvia a hangnail.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any hemipterous insect of the genus Redivius, or
family Reduvid\'91. They live by sucking the blood of
other insects, and some species also attack man.
Red"weed` (r, n.
(Bot.) The red poppy (Papaver
Rh\'d2as).
Dr. Prior.
Red"wing` (-w?ng`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) A European thrush (Turdus
iliacus). Its under wing coverts are orange red. Called
also redwinged thrush. (b) A North
American passerine bird (Agelarius ph) of
the family Icterid\'91. The male is black, with a
conspicuous patch of bright red, bordered with orange, on each
wing. Called also redwinged blackbird,
red-winged troupial, marsh
blackbird, and swamp
blackbird.
Red"withe` (r?d"w?th`), n.
(Bot.) A west Indian climbing shrub
(Combretum Jacquini) with slender reddish
branchlets.
Red"wood` (-w, n.
(Bot.) (a) A gigantic coniferous tree
(Sequoia sempervirens) of California, and its light
and durable reddish timber. See Sequoia.
(b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from
Pterocarpus santalinus, C\'91salpinia
Sappan, and several other trees.
Pterocarpus
dalbergioides; that of some parts of tropical America,
several species of Erythoxylum; that of Brazil, the
species of Humirium.
Ree (r, n. [Pg.
real, pl. reis. See Real the
money.] See Rei.
Ree, v. t. [Cf. Prov. G.
r, raden, raiten. Cf.
Riddle a sieve.] To riddle; to sift; to
separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
Mortimer.
Ree"bok` (r?"b?k`), n. [D.,
literally, roebuck.] (Zo\'94l.) The
peele. [Written also rehboc and
rheeboc.]
Re* (r?*?k"?), v. t. To
echo back; to reverberate again; as, the hills
re\'89cho the roar of cannon.
Re*\'89ch"o, v. i. To give echoes; to
return back, or be reverberated, as an echo; to resound; to be
resonant.
And a loud groan re\'89choes from the main.
Pope.
Re*\'89ch"o, n. The echo of an echo; a
repeated or second echo.
Reech"y (r?ch"?), a. [See
Reeky.] Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with
dirt. [Obs.]
Reed (r?d), a. Red.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reed, v. & n. Same as
Rede. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Reed, n. The fourth stomach of a
ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or Scot.]
Reed, n. [AS. hre; akin
to D. riet, G. riet, ried, OHG.
kriot, riot.] 1.
(Bot.) A name given to many tall and coarse
grasses or grasslike plants, and their slender, often jointed,
stems, such as the various kinds of bamboo, and especially the
common reed of Europe and North America (Phragmites
communis).
2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of
some plant; a rustic or pastoral pipe.
Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed
Of Hermes.
Milton.
3. An arrow, as made of a reed.
Prior.
4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof.
[Prov. Eng.]
5. (Mus.) (a) A small piece of
cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece of certain instruments,
and set in vibration by the breath. In the clarinet it is a
single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is double, forming a
compressed tube. (b) One of the thin pieces
of metal, the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon,
accordeon, harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets
or registers of pipes in an organ.
6. (Weaving) A frame having parallel
flat stripe of metal or reed, between which the warp threads
pass, set in the swinging lathe or batten of a loom for beating
up the weft; a sley. See Batten.
7. (Mining) A tube containing the train
of powder for igniting the charge in blasting.
8. (Arch.) Same as
Reeding.
Egyptian reed (Bot.), the
papyrus. -- Free reed (Mus.), a
reed whose edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the
harmonium, concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the
beating or striking reed of the organ and
clarinet. -- Meadow reed grass (Bot.),
the Glyceria aquatica, a tall grass found in wet
places. -- Reed babbler. See
Reedbird. -- Reed bunting
(Zo\'94l.) A European sparrow (Emberiza
sch) which frequents marshy places; -- called
also reed sparrow, ring
bunting. (b) Reedling. --
Reed canary grass (Bot.), a tall wild
grass (Phalaris arundinacea). -- Reed
grass. (Bot.) (a) The common
reed. See Reed, 1. (b) A plant of the
genus Sparganium; bur reed. See under
Bur. -- Reed organ (Mus.),
an organ in which the wind acts on a set of free reeds, as
the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc. -- Reed
pipe (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished
with a reed. -- Reed sparrow.
(Zo\'94l.) See Reed bunting,
above. -- Reed stop (Mus.), a set
of pipes in an organ furnished with reeds. -- Reed
warbler. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small
European warbler (Acrocephalus streperus); -- called
also reed wren. (b) Any one
of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the
genera Acrocephalus, Calamoherpe, and
Arundinax. They are excellent singers. --
Sea-sand reed (Bot.), a kind of coarse
grass (Ammophila arundinacea). See Beach
grass, under Beach. -- Wood reed
grass (Bot.), a tall, elegant grass
(Cinna arundinacea), common in moist woods.
Reed"bird` (r?d"b?rd`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) The bobolink.
(b) One of several small Asiatic singing birds of
the genera Sch and Eurycercus; --
called also reed babbler.
Reed"buck" (-b?k`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Rietboc.
Reed"ed, a. 1. Civered with
reeds; reedy.
Tusser.
2. Formed with channels and ridges like
reeds.
Reed"en (r?d"'n), a. Consisting
of a reed or reeds.
Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood.
Dryden.
Re*\'89d`i*fi*ca"tion (r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82\'82dification. See
Re\'89dify.] The act re\'89difying; the state
of being re\'89dified.
Re*\'89d"i*fy (r?*?d"?*ff?), v. t.
[Pref. re- + edify: cf. F.
r\'82\'82difier, L. reaedificare.]
To edify anew; to build again after destruction.
[R.]
Milton.
Reed"ing (r?d"?ng), n. [From
4th Reed.] 1. (Arch.) A
small convex molding; a reed (see Illust. (i)
of Molding); one of several set close together to
decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; -- the
reverse of fluting.
reedings are often placed
together, parallel to each other, either projecting from, or
inserted into, the adjining surface. The decoration so produced
is then called, in general, reeding.
2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly
called milling.
Reed"less, a. Destitute of reeds;
as, reedless banks.
Reed"ling (-l?ng), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The European bearded titmouse
(Panurus biarmicus); -- called also reed
bunting, bearded pinnock, and
lesser butcher bird.
Reed"-mace` (-m?s`), n.
(Bot.) The cat-tail.
Reed"work` (-w?rk`), n.
(Mus.) A collective name for the reed stops of an
organ.
Reed"y (-?), a. 1.
Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. \'bdA
reedy pool.\'b8
Thomson .
2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is,
Reef (r?f), n. [Akin to D.
rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan.
rev; cf. Icel. rifa rift, rent, fissure,
rifa to rive, bear. Cf. Rift,
Rive.] 1. A chain or range of rocks
lying at or near the surface of the water. See Coral
reefs, under Coral.
2. (Mining.) A large vein of auriferous
quartz; -- so called in Australia. Hence, any body of rock
yielding valuable ore.
Reef builder (Zo\'94l.), any stony
coral which contributes material to the formation of coral
reefs. -- Reef heron (Zo\'94l.),
any heron of the genus Demigretta; as, the
blue reef heron (D.jugularis) of
Australia.
Reef, n. [Akin to D. reef, G.
reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel. rif
reef, rifa to basten together. Cf. Reeve,
v. t., River.] (Naut.)
That part of a sail which is taken in or let out by means of
the reef points, in order to adapt the size of the sail to the
force of the wind.
first reef; from this to the next
is the second reef; and so on. In fore-and-aft sails,
which reef on the foot, the first reef is the lowest part.
Totten.
Close reef, the last reef that can be put
in. -- Reef band. See Reef-band in
the Vocabulary. -- Reef knot, the knot which
is used in tying reef pointss. See Illust. under
Knot. -- Reef line, a small rope
formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round
the yard and through the holes of the reef. Totten.
-- Reef pioints, pieces of small rope passing
through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used reefing the
sail. -- Reef tackle, a tackle by which the
reef cringles, or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for
reefing. Totten. -- To take a reef in,
to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling up a
reef, and lashing it to the spar.
Reef, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reefed (r\'c7ft); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reefing.] (Naut.)
To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a
certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or
spar.
Totten.
To reef the paddles, to move the floats of a
paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so
deeply.
<-- p. 1206 -->
Reef"-band` (r?f"b?nd`), n.
(Naut.) A piece of canvas sewed across a sail to
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing are
made.
Totten.
Reef"er (-?r), n. 1.
(Naut.) One who reefs; -- a name often given to
midshipmen.
Marryat.
2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick
cloth.
<-- 3. A marijuana cigarette [Slang]. -->
Reef"ing, n. (Naut.) The
process of taking in a reef.
Reefing bowsprit, a bowsprit so rigged that it
can easily be run in or shortened by sliding inboard, as in
cutters.
Reef"y (-?), a. Full of reefs
or rocks.
Reek (r, n. A
rick. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
Reek, n. [AS. r; akin to
OFries. r, LG. & D. rook, G.
rauch, OHG. rouh, Dan. rr, Icel. reykr, and to AS.
re to reek, smoke, Icel. rj, G.
riechen to smell.] Vapor; steam; smoke;
fume.
As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln.
Shak.
Reek, v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Reeked (r?kt); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reeking.] [As.
r. See Reek vapor..] To emit
vapor, usually that which is warm and moist; to be full of fumes;
to steam; to smoke; to exhale.
Few chimneys reeking you shall espy.
Spenser.
I found me laid
In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun
Soon dried, and on the reeking moisture fed.
Milton.
The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco.
Macualay.
Reek"y (-?), a. [From 2d
Reek; cf. Reechy.] 1.
Soiled with smoke or steam; smoky; foul.
Shak.
2. Emitting reek. \'bdReeky
fen.\'b8
Sir W. Scott.
Reel (r?l), n. [Gael.
righil.] A lively dance of the Highlanders
of Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called
Scotch reel.
Virginia reel, the common name throughout the
United States for the old English \'bdcountry dance,\'b8 or
contradance (contredanse). Bartlett.
Reel, n. [AS. kre: cf.
Icel. kr a weaver's reed or sley.]
1. A frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool,
turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like,
are wound; as, a log reel, used by seamen; an
angler's reel; a garden reel.
2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured
into lays and hanks, -- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four
inches in circuit; for worsted, thirty inches.
McElrath.
3. (Agric.) A device consisting of
radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting
machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by
the knives.
Reel oven, a baker's oven in which bread pans
hang suspended from the arms of a kind of reel revolving on a
horizontal axis.
Knight.
Reel, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reeled (r?ld); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reeling. ] 1. To
roll. [Obs.]
And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel.
Spenser.
2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread.
Reel, v. i. [Cf. Sw. ragla.
See 2d Reel.] 1. To incline, in
walking, from one side to the other; to stagger.
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken
man.
Ps. cvii. 27.
He, with heavy fumes oppressed,
Reeled from the palace, and retired to rest.
Pope.
The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves.
Macualay.
2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy.
In these lengthened vigils his brain often
reeled.
Hawthorne.
Reel, n. The act or motion of reeling or
staggering; as, a drunken reel.
Shak.
Re`\'89*lect" (r?`?*l?kt"), v. t.
To elect again; as, to re\'89lect the former
governor.
Re`\'89*lec"tion (-l?k"sh?n), n.
Election a second time, or anew; as, the
re\'89lection of a former chief.
Reel"er (r?l"?r), n. 1.
One who reels.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The grasshopper warbler;
-- so called from its note. [Prov. Eng.]
Re*\'89l"i*gi*ble (r?*?l"?*b'l), a.
Eligble again; capable of re\'89lection; as,
re\'89ligible to the same office. --
Re*\'89l`i*gi*bil"i*ty
(r,
n.
Reem (r?m), n. [Heb.]
(Zo\'94l.) The Hebrew name of a horned wild
animal, probably the Urus.
unicorn; in the Revised Version,wild ox.
Job xxxix. 9.
Reem, v. t. [Cf. Ream to make a
hole in.] (Naut.) To open (the seams of a
vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them.
Reeming iron (Naut.), an iron
chisel for reeming the seams of planks in calking
ships.
Re`\'89m*bark" (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. &
i. To put, or go, on board a vessel again; to embark
again.
Re*\'89m`bar*ka"tion (r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n),
n. A putting, or going, on board a vessel
again.
Re`\'89m*bod"y (r?`?m*b?d"?), v. t.
To embody again.
Re`\'89m*brace" (-br?s"), v. i.
To embrace again.
Re`\'89*merge" (r?`?*m?rj"), v. i.
To emerge again.
Re`\'89*mer"gence (-m?r"jens),
n. Act of re
Re`\'89n*act" (r?`?n*?kt") v. t.
To enact again.
Re`\'89n*ac"tion (-?k"sh?n), n.
The act of re
Re`\'89n*ac"ment (-?kt"ment),
n. The enacting or passing of a law a second
time; the renewal of a law.
Re`\'89n*cour"age (-k?r"?j;), v. t.
To encourage again.
Re`\'89n*dow" (-dou"), v. t. To
endow again.
Re`\'89n*force" (-f?rs") v. t.
[Pref. re- + enforce: cf. F.
renforcer.] To strengthen with new force,
assistance, material, or support; as, to
re\'89nforce an argument; to re\'89nforce a
garment; especially, to strengthen with additional troops,
as an army or a fort, or with additional ships, as a fleet.
[Written also reinforce.]
Re`\'89n*force", n. [See
Re\'89nforce, v., and cf. Ranforce,
Reinforce.] Something which re\'89nforces or
strengthens. Specifically: (a) That part of a cannon
near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the piece, so
as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See
Illust. of Cannon. (b) An additional
thickness of canvas, cloth, or the like, around an eyelet,
buttonhole, etc.
Re`\'89n*force"ment (r?`?n*f?rs"ment),
n. 1. The act of re\'89nforcing, or the
state of being re\'89nforced.
2. That which re\'89nforces; additional force;
especially, additional troops or force to augment the strength of
any army, or ships to strengthen a navy or fleet.
Re`\'89n*gage" (-g?j), v. t. & i.
To engage a second time or again.
Re`\'89n*gage"ment (-ment),
n. A renewed or repeated engagement.
Re`\'89n*grave" (-gr?v"), v. t.
To engrave anew.
Re`\'89n*joy" (-joi"), v. i. To
enjoi anew.
Pope.
Re`\'89n*joy"ment (-ment),
n. Renewed enjoiment.
Re`\'89n*kin"dle (-k?n"d'l), v. t.
To enkindle again.
Re`\'89n*list" (-l?st"), v. t. & i.
To enlist again.
Re`\'89n*list"ment (-ment),
n. A renewed enlistment.
Re`\'89n*slave" (-sl?v") v. t.
To enslave again.
Re*\'89n"ter (r?*?n"t?r), v. t.
1. To enter again.
2. (Engraving) To cut deeper, as
engraved lines on a plate of metal, when the engraving has not
been deep enough, or the plate has become worn in printing.
Re*\'89n"ter, v. i. To enter anew or
again.
Re\'89ntering angle, an angle of a polygon
pointing inward, as a, in the cut. --
Re\'89ntering polygon, a polygon having one or
more re\'89ntering angles.
Re*\'89n"ter*ing, n. (Calico
Printing.) The process of applying additional colors,
by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly
colored.
Re`\'89n*throne" (-thr?n"), v. t.
To enthrone again; to replace on a throne.
Re`\'89n*throne"ment (-ment),
n. A second enthroning.
Re*\'89n"trance (r?*?n"trans),
n. The act entereing again; re
Hooker.
Re*\'89n"trant (-trant), a.
Re\'89ntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, a
re angle.
Re*\'89n"try (-tr?), n. 1.
A second or new entry; as, a re\'89ntry into
public life.
2. (Law) A resuming or retaking
possession of what one has lately foregone; -- applied especially
to land; the entry by a lessor upon the premises leased, on
failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the covenants in the
lease.
Burrill.
Card of re\'89try, (Whist), a card
that by winning a trick will bring one the lead at an advanced
period of the hand.
Re`\'89*rect" (r?`?*r?kt"), v. t.
To erect again.
Reer"mouse` (r?r"mous`), n.
(Zo\'94l.) See Rearmouse.
Re`\'89s*tab"lish (r?`?s*t?b"l?sh), v.
t. To establish anew; to fix or confirm again; to
restore; as, to re\'89stablish a covenant; to
re\'89stablish health.
Re`\'89s*tab"lish*er (-?r), n.
One who establishes again.
Re`\'89s*tab"lish*ment (-mnt), n.
The act re\'89stablishing; the state of being
re\'89stablished.
Addison.
Re`\'89s*tate" (-t?t), v. t. To
re\'89stablish. [Obs.]
Walis.
Reeve (r?v), n.
(Zo\'94l.) The female of the ruff.
Reeve, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rove (r?v); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reeving.] [Cf. D. reven. See
Reef, n. & v. t.]
(Naut.) To pass, as the end of a pope, through
any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the
like.
Reeve, n. [OE. reve, AS.
ger. Cf. Sheriff.] an
officer, steward, bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in
compounds; as, shirereeve, now written
sheriff; portreeve, etc.
Chaucer. Piers Plowman.
Re`\'89x*am"i*na*ble (r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l),
a. Admitting of being re\'89xamined or
reconsidered.
Story.
Re`\'89x*am`i*na"tion (-?*n?"sh?n),
n. A repeated examination. See under
Examination.
Re`\'89x*am"ine (--?n), v. t.
To examine anew.
Hooker.
Re`\'89x*change" (r?`?ks*ch?nj"), v.
t.To exchange anew; to reverse (a previous
exchange).
Re`\'89x*change" n. 1. A
renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange.
2. (Com.) The expense chargeable on a
bill of exchange or draft which has been dishonored in a foreign
country, and returned to the country in which it was made or
indorsed, and then taken up.
Bouvier.
The rate of re\'89xchange is regulated with respect
to the drawer, at the course of exchange between the place where
the bill of exchange was payable, and the place where it was
drawn. Re\'89xchange can not be cumulated.
Walsh.
Re`\'89x*hib"it (r?`?gz*?b"?t
v. t. To exhibit again.
Re`\'89x*pel" (r?`?ks*p?l"), v. t.
To expel again.
Re`\'89x*pe"ri*ence (-p?`r?-ens),
n. A renewed or repeated experience.
Re`\'89x*port" (-p?rt"), v. t.
To export again, as what has been imported.
Re*\'89x"port (r?*?ks"p?rt), n/
Any commodity re\'89xported; -- chiefly in the ptural.
Re*\'89x`por*ta"tion (-p?r*t?"sh?n),
n. The act of re\'89xporting, or of exporting an
import.
A. Smith.
`\'89x*pul"sion (r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n),
n. Renewed or repeated expulsion.
Fuller.
Reezed (r?zd), a. Grown rank;
rancid; rusty. [Obs.] \'bdReezed
bacon.\'b8
Marston.
Re*fac"tion (r?*f?k"sh?n), n.
[See Refection.] Recompense; atonemet;
retribution. [Obs.]
Howell.
Re*far" (r?*f?r"), v. t. [Cf.
F. refaire to do over again.] To go over
again; to repeat. [Obs.]
To him therefore this wonder done refar.
Fairfax.
Re*fash"ion (r?*f?sh"?n), v. t.
To fashion anew; to form or mold into shape a second
time.
MacKnight.
Re*fash"ion*ment (-ment),
n. The act of refashioning, or the state of being
refashioned. [R.]
Leigh Hunt.
Re*fas"ten (r?*f?s"'n), v. t.
To fasten again.
Re*fect" (r?*f?kt), v. t. [L.
refectus, p. p. of reficere; pref.
re- re- + facere to make.] To
restore after hunger or fatique; to refresh.
[Archaic]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*fec"tion (r?*f?k"sh?n), n.
[L. refectio: cf. F. r\'82fection. See
Refect, Fact.] Refreshment after
hunger or fatique; a repast; a lunch.
[His] feeble spirit inly felt refection.
Spenser.
Those Attic nights, and those refections of the
gods.
Curran.
Re*fec"tive (r?*f?k"t?v), a.
Refreshing; restoring.
Re*fec"tive, n. That which
refreshes.
Re*fec"to*ry (-t?*r?), n.; pl.;
Refectories (-r.
[LL. refectorium: cf. F.
r\'82fectoire. See Refection.] A
room for refreshment; originally, a dining hall in monasteries or
convents.
r,
especially when signifying the eating room in monasteries.
Re*fel" (r?*f?l"), v. t. [L.
refellere; pref. re- re- +
fallere to deceive.] To refute; to
disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a
sophister. [Obs.]
How he refelled me, and how I replied.
Shak.
Re*fer" (r?*f?r"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Referred
(-f?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Referring.] [F.
r\'82f\'82rer, L. referre; pref.
re- re- + ferre to bear. See Bear
to carry.] 1. To carry or send back.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct
elsewhere, as for treatment, aid, infirmation, decision, etc.; to
make over, or pass over, to another; as, to refer a
student to an author; to refer a beggar to an officer;
to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers
a matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or
refers a question of law to a superior
tribunal.
3. To place in or under by a mental or rational
process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive,
reason, or ground of explanation; as, he referred
the phenomena to electrical disturbances.
To refer one's self, to have recourse; to
betake one's self; to make application; to appeal.
[Obs.]
I'll refer me to all things sense.
Shak.
Re*fer", v. i. 1. To have
recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake one's self; as, to
refer to a dictionary.
In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of
trust.
Bacon.
2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to
point; as, the figure refers to a
footnote.
Of those places that refer to the shutting and
opening the abyss, I take notice of that in Job.
Bp. Burnet.
3. To carry the mind or throught; to direct
attention; as, the preacher referrd to the late
election.
4. To direct inquiry for information or a quarantes
of any kind, as in respect to one's integrity, capacity,
pecuniary ability, and the like; as, I referred to
his employer for the truth of his story.
Syn. -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal.
Refer, Allude, Advert. We
refer to a thing by specifically and distinctly
introducing it into our discourse. We allude to it by
introducing it indirectly or indefinitely, as by something
collaterally allied to it. We advert to it by turning
off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus,
Macaulay refers to the early condition of England at
the opening of his history; he alludes to these
statements from time to time; and adverts, in the
progress of his work, to various circumstances of pecullar
interest, on which for a time he dwells. \'bdBut to do good is .
. . that that Solomon chiefly refers to in the
text.\'b8 Sharp. \'bdThis, I doubt not, was that
artificial structure here alluded to.\'b8 T.
Burnet.
Now to the universal whole advert:
The earth regard as of that whole a part.
Blackmore.
Ref"er*a*ble (r?f"?r*?*b'l), a.
Capable of being referred, or considered in relation to
something else; assignable; ascribable. [Written
also referrible.]
It is a question among philosophers, whether all the
attractions which obtain between bodies are referable
to one general cause.
W. Nicholson.
Ref`er*ee" (-, n. One to
whom a thing is referred; a person to whom a matter in dispute
has been referred, in order that he may settle it.
Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See Judge.
Ref"er*ence (r?f"?r-ens),
n. [See Refer.] 1.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred;
as, reference to a chart for quidance.
2. That which refers to something; a specific
direction of the attention; as, a reference in a
text-book.
3. Relation; regard; respect.
Something that hath a reference to my state.
Shak.
4. One who, or that which, is referred to.
Specifically; (a) One of whom inquires can be made
as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
(b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is
referred.
5. (Law) (a) The act of
submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more
persons for decision. (b) (Equity)
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause,
to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain
facts and report to the court.
6. Appeal. [R.] \'bdMake your
full reference.\'b8
Shak.
Reference Bible, a Bible in which brief
explanations, and references to parallel passages, are printed in
the margin of the text.
Ref`er*en"da*ry (r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?),
n. [LL. referendarius, fr. L.
referendus to be referred, gerundive of
referre: cf. F. r\'82f\'82rendaire. See
Refer.] 1. One to whose decision a
cause is referred; a referee. [Obs.]
Bacon.
2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to
petitions. \'bdReferendaries, or masters of
request.\'b8
Harmar.
3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the
duty of procuring and dispatching diplomas and decrees.
\'d8Ref`er*en"dum (r?f`?r*?n"d?m),
n. [Gerundive fr. L. referre. See
Refer.] 1. A diplomatic agent's note
asking for instructions from his government concerning a
particular matter or point.
2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a
meassure passed upon by a legislature.
Ref`er*en"tial (-shal), a.
Containing a reference; pointing to something out of itself;
as, notes for referential use. --
Ref`er*en"tial*ly,
adv.
Re*fer"ment (r?*f?r"ment),
n. The act of referring; reference.
Laud.
<-- p. 1207 -->
Re`*fer*ment" (r, v. t.
& i. To ferment, or cause to ferment, again.
Blackmore.
Re*fer"rer (r?*f?r"r?r), n. One
who refers.
Re*fer"ri*ble (-r?*b'l), a.
Referable.
Hallam.
Re*fig"ure (r?*f?g"?r), v. t.
To figure again.
Shak.
Re*fill" (r?*f?l"), v. t. & i.
To fill, or become full, again.
Re*find" (r?*f?nd), v. t. To
find again; to get or experience again.
Sandys.
Re*fine" (r?*f?n"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refined
(-find"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refining.] [Pref. re- + fine
to make fine: cf. F. raffiner.] 1.
To reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from
impurities; to free from dross or alloy; to separate from
extraneous matter; to purify; to defecate; as, to
refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to
refine wine or sugar.
I will bring the third part through the fire, and will
refine them as silver is refined.
Zech. xiii. 9.
2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar,
inelegant, low, and the like; to make elegant or exellent; to
polish; as, to refine the manners, the language, the
style, the taste, the intellect, or the moral
feelings.
Love refines
The thoughts, and heart enlarges.
Milton.
Syn. -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble.
Re*fine", v. i. 1. To become
pure; to be cleared of feculent matter.
So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains,
Works itself clear, and, as it runs, refines.
Addison.
2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or
excellence.
Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his
stories.
Dryden.
But let a lord once own the happy lines,
How the wit brightens! How the style refines!
Pope.
3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or
language. \'bdHe makes another paragraph about our
refining in controversy.\'b8
Atterbury.
Re*fined" (-f?nd"), a. Freed
from impurities or alloy; purifed; polished; cultured; delicate;
as; refined gold; refined language;
refined sentiments.
Refined wits who honored poesy with their pens.
Peacham.
-- Re*fin"ed*ly
(r, adv. --
Re*fin"ed*ness, n.
Re*fine"ment (r?*f?n"ment),
n. [Cf. F. raffinement.]
1. The act of refining, or the state of being
refined; as, the refinement or metals;
refinement of ideas.
The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and
refinement, the more diffusive are they.
Norris.
From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the
corruptions in our language have not equaled its
refinements.
Swift.
2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished
to excess; an affected subtilty; as, refinements of
logic. \'bdThe refinements of irregular
cunning.\'b8
Rogers.
Syn. -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility;
elegance; cultivation; civilization.
Re*fin"er (-f?n"?r), n. One
who, or that which, refines.
Re*fin"er*y (-?), n.; pl.
Refineries (-. [Cf. F.
raffinerie.] 1. The building and
apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and sugar.
2. A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the
action of a blast on the molten metal.
Re*fit" (r?*f?t"), v. t. 1.
To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; to restore after
damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to
refit ships of war.
Macaulay.
2. To fit out or supply a second time.
Re*fit", v. i. To obtain repairs or
supplies; as, the fleet returned to
refit.
Re*fit"ment (-ment), n.
The act of refitting, or the state of being refitted.
Re*fix" (r?*f?ks"), v. t. To
fix again or anew; to establish anew.
Fuller.
Re*flame" (r?*fl?m"), v. i. To
kindle again into flame.
Re*flect" (r?*fl?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reflected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reflecting.] [L.
reflectere, reflexum; pref. re-
re- + flectere to bend or turn. See Flexible,
and cf. Reflex, v.] 1. To
bend back; to give a backwaas, a mirror reflects rays of light; polished metals
reflect heat.
Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our
quotations.
Fuller.
Bodies close together reflect their own color.
Dryden.
2. To give back an image or likeness of; to
mirror.
Nature is the glass reflecting God,
As by the sea reflected is the sun.
Young.
Re*flect" v. i. 1. To throw
back light, heat, or the like; to return rays or beams.
2. To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface;
to revert; to return.
Whose virtues will, I hope,
Reflect on Rome, as Titan's rays on earth.
Shak.
3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon
anything; to contemplate. Specifically: To attend earnestly to
what passes within the mind; to attend to the facts or phenomena
of consciousness; to use attention or earnest thought; to
meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral truth or
rules.
We can not be said to reflect upon any external
object, except so far as that object has been previously
perceived, and its image become part and parcel of our
intellectual furniture.
Sir W. Hamilton.
All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at
all times, while they are awake, but there few who
reflect upon them, or make them objects of
thought.
Reid.
As I much reflected, much I mourned.
Prior.
4. To cast reproach; to cause censure or
dishonor.
Errors of wives reflect on husbands still.
Dryden.
Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory
of his late majesty.
Swift.
Syn. -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate;
ponder; muse; ruminate.
Re*flect"ed, a. 1. Thrown back
after striking a surface; as, reflected light, heat,
sound, etc.
2. Hence: Not one's own; received from another;
as, his glory was reflected glory.
3. Bent backward or outward; reflexed.
Re*flect"ent (r?*fl?kt"ent),
a. [L. reflectens, p. pr. of
reflectere. See Reflect.] 1.
Bending or flying back; reflected. \'bdThe ray
descendent, and the ray reflectent flying with so
great a speed.\'b8
Sir K. Digby.
2. Reflecting; as, a reflectent
body.
Sir K. Digby.
Re*flect"i*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reflected, or thrown back;
reflexible.
Re*flect"ing, a. 1. Throwing
back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or other surface.
2. Given to reflection or serious consideration;
reflective; contemplative; as, a reflecting
mind.
Reflecting circle, an astronomical instrument
for measuring angless, like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by
the reflection of light from two plane mirrors which it carries,
and differing from the sextant chiefly in having an entire
circle. -- Reflecting galvanometer, a
galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by
means of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light
or the image of a scale; -- called also mirror
galvanometer. -- Reflecting goniometer.
See under Goniometer. -- Reflecting
telescope. See under Telescope.
Re*flect"ing*ly, adv. With reflection;
also, with censure; reproachfully.
Swift.
Re*flec"tion (r?*fl?k"sh?n), n.
[L. reflexio: cf. F. r\'82flexion. See
Riflect.] >[Written also
reflexion.]
1. The act of reflecting, or turning or sending
back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically:
(a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like,
from a surface. See Angle of reflection,
below.
The eye sees not itself,
But by reflection, by some other things.
Shak.
(b) The reverting of the mind to that which has
already occupied it; continued consideration; meditation;
contemplation; hence, also, that operation or power of the mind
by which it is conscious of its own acts or states; the capacity
for judging rationally, especially in view of a moral rule or
standard.
By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean,
that notice which the mind takes of its own operations, and the
manner of them, by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these
operations in the understanding.
Locke.
This delight grows and improves under thought and
reflection.
South.
2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. That which is produced by reflection.
Specifically: (a) An image given back from a
reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart.
As the sun water we can bear,
Yet not the sun, but his reflection, there.
Dryden.
(b) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle;
as, the reflection of a membrane. (c)
Result of meditation; thought or opinion after attentive
consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts suggested by
truth.
Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate
did at the same time afflict and encourage him.
Atterbury.
4. Censure; reproach cast.
He died; and oh! may no reflection shed
Its poisonous venom on the royal dead.
Prior.
5. (Physiol.) The transference of an
excitement from one nerve fiber to another by means of the nerve
cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex action, under
Reflex.
Angle of reflection, the angle which anything,
as a ray of light, on leaving a reflecting surface, makes with
the perpendicular to the surface. -- Angle of total
reflection. (Opt.) Same as Critical
angle, under Critical.
Syn. -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation;
consideration; musing; thinking.
Re*flect"ive (r?*fl?kt"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82flectif. Cf.
Reflexive.] 1. Throwing back images;
as, a reflective mirror.
In the reflective stream the sighing bride, viewing
her charms.
Prior.
2. Capable of exercising thought or judgment;
as, reflective reason.
Prior.
His perceptive and reflective faculties . . . thus
acquired a precocious and extraordinary development.
Motley.
3. Addicted to introspective or meditative habits;
as, a reflective person.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; reciprocal.
-- Re*flect"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*flect"ive*ness, n.
\'bdReflectiveness of manner.\'b8
J. C. Shairp.
Re*flect"or (-, n. [Cf.
F. r\'82flecteur.] 1. One who, or
that which, reflects.
Boyle.
2. (Physics) (a) Something
having a polished surface for reflecting light or heat, as a
mirror, a speculum, etc. (b) A reflecting
telescope. (c) A device for reflecting
sound.
Re"flex (r?"fl?ks), a. [L.
reflexus, p. p. of reflectere: cf. F.
r\'82flexe. See Reflect.] 1.
Directed back; attended by reflection; retroactive;
introspective.
The reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the
intellectual eye inward upon its own actions.
Sir M. Hale.
2. Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in
return.
3. (Physiol.) Of, pertaining to, or
produced by, stimulus or excitation without the necessary
intervention of consciousness.
Reflex action (Physiol.), any
action performed involuntarily in consequence of an impulse or
impression transmitted along afferent nerves to a nerve center,
from which it is reflected to an efferent nerve, and so calls
into action certain muscles, organs, or cells. --
Reflex nerve (Physiol.), an
excito-motory nerve. See Exito-motory.
Re"flex (r?"fl?ks; formerly
r?*fl?ks"), n. [L. reflexus a
bending back. See Reflect.] 1.
Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated surface
to one in shade.
Yon gray is not the morning's eye,
'Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia's brow.
Shak.
On the depths of death there swims
The reflex of a human face.
Tennyson.
2. (Physiol.) An involuntary movement
produced by reflex action.
Patellar reflex. See Knee jerk,
under Knee.
Re*flex" (r?*fl?ks"), v. t. [L.
reflexus, p. p. of reflectere. See
Reflect.] 1. To reflect.
[Obs.]
Shak.
2. To bend back; to turn back.
J. Gregory.
Re*flexed" (r?*fl?kst"), a.
Bent backward or outward.
Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty (r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?),
n. [Cf. F. r\'82flexibilit\'82.]
The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the
reflexibility of the rays of light.
Sir I. Newton.
Re*flex"i*ble (r?*fl?ks"?*b'l), a.
[CF. F. r\'82flexible.] Capable of
being reflected, or thrown back.
The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible
and reflexible.
Cheyne.
Re*flex"ion (-fl?k"sh?n), n.
See Reflection.
Chaucer.
Re*flex"i*ty (r?*fl?ks"?*t?), n.
The state or condition of being reflected.
[R.]
Re*flex"ive (-?v), a. 1.
[Cf. F. r\'82flexif.] Bending or
turned backward; reflective; having respect to something
past.
Assurance reflexive can not be a divine faith.
Hammond.
2. Implying censure. [Obs.]
\'bdWhat man does not resent an ugly reflexive
word?\'b8
South.
3. (Gram.) Having for its direct object
a pronoun which refers to the agent or subject as its antecedent;
-- said of certain verbs; as, the witness perjured
himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns
of this class; reciprocal; reflective.
-- Re*flex"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*flex"ive*ness, n.
Re*flex"iv, adv. In a reflex manner;
reflectively.
Re"float (r?"fl?t), n. Reflux;
ebb. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Re`flo*res"cence (r?`fl?*r?s"sens),
n. (Bot.) A blossoming anew of a plant
after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season.
Re*flour"ish (r?*fl?r"?sh), v. t. &
i. To flourish again.
Re*flew" (r?*fl?"), v. i. To
flow back; to ebb.
Re*flow"er (r, v. i. &
t. To flower, or cause to flower, again.
Sylvester.
Re*fluc`tu*a"tion (r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135),
n. A flowing back; refluence.
{ Ref"lu*ence (r?f"l?-ens),
Ref"lu*en*cy (-en*s?), }
n. The quality of being refluent; a flowing
back.
Ref"lu*ent (-ent), a.
[L. refluens, p. pr. of refluere to
flow back; pref. re- re- + fluere to flow.
See Flurent.] Flowing back; returning;
ebbing.
Cowper.
And refluent through the pass of fear
The battle's tide was poured.
Sir W. Scott.
Ref"lu*eus (-?s), a. [L.
refluus.] Refluent.
[Obs.]
Re"flux` (r?"fl?ks`), a.
Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux
action.
Re"flux`, n. [F. reflux. See
Refluent, Flux.] A flowing back, as
the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and
reflux of the tides.
All from me
Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound.
Milton.
Re*foc"il*late (r?*f?s"?l*l?t), v.
t. [L. refocillatus, p. p. of
refocillare; pref. re- re- +
focillare to revive by warmth.] To refresh;
to revive. [Obs.]
Aubrey.
Re*foc`il*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
Restoration of strength by refreshment.
[Obs.]
Middleton.
Re*fold" (r?*f?ld"), v. t. To
fold again.
Re`fo*ment" (r?`f?*m?nt"), v.
t. To foment anew.
Re*for`est*i*za`tion (r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n),
n. The act or process of reforestizing.
Re*for"est*ize (r?*f?r"?st*?z), v.
t. To convert again into a forest; to plant again with
trees.
Re*forge" (r?*f?rj"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + forge: cf. F.
reforger.] To forge again or anew; hence,
to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over.
Udall.
Re*for"ger (r?*f?r"j?r), n. One
who reforges.
Re*form" (r?*f?rm"), v. t. [F.
r\'82former, L. reformare; pref.
re- re- + formare to form, from
forma form. See Form.] To put into
a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good
state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better;
to amend; to correct; as, to reform a profligate
man; to reform corrupt manners or morals.
The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but
that of a good one will not reform it.
Swift.
Syn. -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair;
better; improve; restore; reclaim.
Re*form", v. i. To return to a good
state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits; as,
a man of settled habits of vice will seldom
reform.
Re*form", n. [F.
r\'82forme.] Amendment of what is
defective, vicious, corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as,
reform of elections; reform of
government.
Civil service reform. See under
Civil. -- Reform acts (Eng.
Politics), acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867,
1884, 1885, extending and equalizing popular representation in
Parliament. -- Reform school, a school
established by a state or city government, for the confinement,
instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young
persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. [U.
S.]
Syn. -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction.
See Reformation.
Re-form" (r?*f?rm"), v. t. & i.
[imp. & p. p. Re-formed
(-f?rmd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Re-forming.] To give a new form to; to
form anew; to take form again, or to take a new form; as, to
re-form the line after a charge.
Re*form"a*ble (r?*f?rm"?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reformed.
Foxe.
Ref`or*made" (r?f`?r*m?d"), n.
A reformado. [Obs.]
Ref`or*ma"do (-m?"d?), n. [Sp.,
fr. reformar, L. reformare. SEe
Reform, v. t.] 1. A monk
of a reformed order. [Obs.]
Weever.
2. An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his
command, but retains his rank, and sometimes his pay.
[Obs.]
Re*form"al*ize (r?*f?rm"al*?z),
v. i. To affect reformation; to pretend to
correctness. [R.]
Ref`or*ma"tion (r?f`?r*m?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82formation, L.
reformatio.] 1. The act of
reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse to
better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything
vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners;
reformation of the age; reformation of
abuses.
Satire lashes vice into reformation.
Dryden.
<-- p. 1208 -->
2. Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the
important religious movement commenced by Luther early in the
sixteenth century, which resulted in the formation of the various
Protestant churches.
Syn. -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification.
-- Reformation, Reform.
Reformation is a more thorough and comprehensive
change than reform. It is applied to subjects that are
more important, and results in changes which are more lasting. A
reformation involves, and is followed by, many
particular reforms. \'bdThe pagan converts mention
this great reformation of those who had been the
greatest sinners, with that sudden and surprising change which
the Christian religion made in the lives of the most
profligate.\'b8 Addison. \'bdA variety of schemes,
founded in visionary and impracticable ideas of
reform, were suddenly produced.\'b8
Pitt.
Re`-for*ma"tion (r?`f?r*m?"sh?n), n.
The act of forming anew; a second forming in order; as,
the reformation of a column of troops into a hollow
square.
Re*form"a*tive (r?*f?rm"?*t?v), a.
Forming again; having the quality of renewing form;
reformatory.
Good.
Re*form"a*to*ry (-t?*r?), a.
Tending to produce reformation; reformative.
Re*form"a*to*ry, n.; pl.
-ries (-r. An institution for
promoting the reformation of offenders.
Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to
reformatories instead of to prisons.
Eng. Cyc.
Re*formed" (r?*f?rmd"), a.
1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or
excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant
churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more
restricted sense, of those who separated from Luther on the
doctrine of consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation,
as they claimed, to a higher point. The Protestant churches
founded by them in Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of
Germany, were called the Reformed churches.
The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed
faith.
Macaulay.
2. Amended in character and life; as, a
reformed gambler or drunkard.
3. (Mil.) Retained in service on half or
full pay after the disbandment of the company or troop; -- said
of an officer. [Eng.]
Re*form"er (r?*f?rm"?r), n.
1. One who effects a reformation or amendment; one
who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of
manners, or of abuses.
2. (Eccl.Hist.) One of those who
commenced the reformation of religion in the sixteenth century,
as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin.
Re*form"ist, n. [Cf. F.
r\'82formiste.] A reformer.
Re*form"ly, adv. In the manner of a
reform; for the purpose of reform. [Obs.]
Milton.
Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n),
n. A fortifying anew, or a second time.
Mitford.
Re*for"ti*fy (r?*f?r"t?*f?), v. t.
To fortify anew.
Re*fos"sion (r?*f?sh"?n), n.
[L. refodere, refossum, to dig up
again. See Fosse.] The act of digging up
again. [Obs.]
Bp. Hall.
Re*found" (r?*found"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + found to cast; cf. F.
refondare. Cf. Refund.] 1.
To found or cast anew. \'bdAncient bells
refounded.\'b8
T. Warton.
2. To found or establish again; to
re
Re*found", imp. & p. p. of
Refind, v. t.
Re*found"er (-?r), n. One who
refounds.
Re*fract" (r?*fr$kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refracted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Refracting.] [L.
refractus, p. p. of refringere; pref.
re- re- + frangere to break: cf. F.
r\'82fracter. SEe FRacture, and cf.
Refrain, n.] 1. To bend
sharply and abruptly back; to break off.
2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light
orr heat, when passing from one transparent medium to another of
different density; to cause to deviate from a direct course by an
action distinct from reflection; as, a dense medium
refrcts the rays of light as they pass into it from a
rare medium.
Re*fract"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Capable of being refracted.
Re*fract"ed, a. 1. (Bot. &
Zo\'94l.) Bent backward angularly, as if half-broken;
as, a refracted stem or leaf.
2. Turned from a direct course by refraction;
as, refracted rays of light.
Re*fract"ing, a. Serving or tending to
refract; as, a refracting medium.
Refracting angle of a prism (Opt.),
the angle of a triangular prism included between the two
sides through which the refracted beam passes in the
decomposition of light. -- Refracting telescope.
(Opt.) See under Telescope.
Re*frac"tion (r?*fr?k"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82fraction.] 1. The
act of refracting, or the state of being refracted.
2. The change in the direction of ray of light,
heat, or the like, when it enters obliquely a medium of a
different density from that through which it has previously
moved.
Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser,
is made towards the perpendicular.
Sir I. Newton.
3. (Astron.) (a) The change in
the direction of a ray of light, and, consequently, in the
apparent position of a heavenly body from which it emanates,
arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- hence
distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical
refraction. (b) The correction which is to be
deducted from the apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account
of atmospheric refraction, in order to obtain the true
altitude.
Angle of refraction (Opt.), the
angle which a refracted ray makes with the perpendicular to the
surface separating the two media traversed by the ray. --
Conical refraction (Opt.), the
refraction of a ray of light into an infinite number of rays,
forming a hollow cone. This occurs when a ray of light is passed
through crystals of some substances, under certain circumstances.
Conical refraction is of two kinds; external conical
refraction, in which the ray issues from the crystal in the
form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of emergence;
and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is
changed into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from
which it issues in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular
phenomenon was first discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by
mathematical reasoning alone, unaided by experiment. --
Differential refraction (Astron.), the
change of the apparent place of one object relative to a second
object near it, due to refraction; also, the correction required
to be made to the observed relative places of the two
bodies. -- Double refraction (Opt.),
the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two
distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by
all crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial
crystal is said to be optically positive (like quartz),
or optically negative (like calcite), or to have
positive, or negative, double
refraction, according as the optic axis is the axis of least
or greatest elasticity for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly
designated when the same relation holds for the acute
bisectrix. -- Index of refraction. See under
Index. -- Refraction circle
(Opt.), an instrument provided with a graduated
circle for the measurement of refraction. --
Refraction of latitude, longitude,
declination, right ascension,
etc., the change in the apparent latitude, longitude, etc.,
of a heavenly body, due to the effect of atmospheric
refraction. -- Terrestrial refraction, the
change in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the
earth's surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the
passage of light from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of
varying density.
Re*fract"ive (r?*fr?kt"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82fractif. See
Refract.] Serving or having power to refract,
or turn from a direct course; pertaining to refraction; as,
refractive surfaces; refractive
powers.
Refractive index. (Opt.) See
Index of refraction, under Index. --
Absolute refractive index (Opt.), the
index of refraction of a substances when the ray passes into it
from a vacuum. -- Relative refractive index (of
two media) (Opt.), the ratio of the sine of the
angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a
ray passing out of one of the media into the other.
Re*fract"ive*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being refractive.
Re`frac*tom"e*ter (r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r),
n. [Refraction +
-meter.] (Opt.) A contrivance
for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light.
Re*fract"or (r, n.
Anything that refracts; specifically:
(Opt.) A refracting telescope, in which the image
to be viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing
through a convex lens.
Re*frac"to*ri*ly (r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?),
adv. In a refractory manner; perversely;
obstinately.
Re*frac"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or
condition of being refractory.
Re*frac"to*ry (-r?), a. [L.
refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F.
refractaire. See Refract.] 1.
Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn;
unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a
refractory beast.
Raging appetites that are
Most disobedient and refractory.
Shak.
2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of
fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and
the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer;
as, a refractory ore.
Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate;
unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.
Re*frac"to*ry, n. 1. A
refractory person.
Bp. Hall.
2. Refractoriness. [Obs.]
Jer. TAylor.
3. OPottery) A piece of ware covered
with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a
glaze to the other articles.
Knight.
Re*frac"ture (r?*fr?k"t?r;135), n.
(Surg.) A second breaking (as of a badly set
bone) by the surgeon.
Re*frac"ture, v. t. (Surg.)
To break again, as a bone.
Ref"ra*ga*ble (r?f"r?*g?*b'l), a.
[LL. refragabilis, fr. L. refragari
to oppose.] Capable of being refuted; refutable.
[R.] -- Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness,
n. [R.] -- Ref`*ra*ga*bil"i*ty
(-b, n.
[R.]
Ref"ra*gate (-g?t), v. i. [L.
refragatus, p. p. of refragor.]
To oppose. [R.]
Glanvill.
Re*frain" (r?*fr?n"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refrained
(-fr?nd"); p. pr. & vb/ n.
Refraining.] [OE. refreinen,
OF. refrener, F. refr, fr. L.
refrenare; influenced by OF. refraindre to
restrain, moderate, fr. LL. refrangere, for L.
refringere to break up, break (see Refract).
L. refrenare is fr. pref. re- back +
frenum bridle; cf. Skr. dh to
hold.] 1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep
within prescribed bounds; to curb; to govern.
His reson refraineth not his foul delight or
talent.
Chaucer.
Refrain thy foot from their path.
Prov. i. 15.
2. To abstain from [Obs.]
Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other
counsel than to refrain cold drink.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*frain", v. i. To keep one's self from
action or interference; to hold aloof; to forbear; to
abstain.
Refrain from these men, and let them alone.
Acts v. 38.
They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time
after.
Sir T. Browne.
Syn. -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold.
Re*frain", n. [F. refrain,
fr. OF. refraindre; cf. Pr. refranhs a
refrain, refranher to repeat. See
Refract,Refrain, v.] The
burden of a song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of
each of the separate stanzas or divisions of a poetic
composition.
We hear the wild refrain.
Whittier.
Re*frain"er (r?*fr?n"?r), n.
One who refrains.
Re*frain"ment (-ment), n.
Act of refraining. [R.]
Re*frame" (r?*fr?m), v. t. To
frame again or anew.
Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?),
n. [Cf. F.
r\'82frangibilit\'82.] The quality of being
refrangible.
Re*fran"gi*ble (-fr?n"j?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82frangible. See
Refract.] Capable of being refracted, or
turned out of a direct course, in passing from one medium to
another, as rays of light. --
Re*fran"gi*ble*ness,
n.
Ref`re*na"tion (r?f`r?*n?"sh?n), n.
[L. refrenatio. See Refrain, v.
t.] The act of refraining.
[Obs.]
Re*fresh" (r?*fr?sh"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refreshed
(-fr?sht"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refreshing.] [OE. refreshen,
refreschen, OF. refreschir (cf. OF.
rafraischir, rafreschir, F.
rafra); pref. re- re- +
fres fresh. F. frais. See Fresh,
a.] 1. To make fresh again; to
restore strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve
from fatigue or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to
reanimate; as, sleep refreshes the body and the
mind.
Chaucer.
Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours.
1 Cor. xvi. 18.
And labor shall refresh itself with hope.
Shak.
2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore.
The rest refresh the scaly snakes that fol
Dryden.
To refresh the memory, to quicken or
strengthen it, as by a reference, review, memorandum, or
suggestion.
Syn. -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate;
renovate; renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer.
Re*fresh", n. The act of
refreshing. [Obs.]
Daniel.
Re*fresh"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who, or that which, refreshes.
2. (Law) An extra fee paid to counsel in
a case that has been adjourned from one term to another, or that
is unusually protracted.
Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a
counsel can charge.
London Truth.
Re*fresh"ful (-f?l), a. Full of
power to refresh; refreshing. --
Re*fresh"ful*ly, adv.
Re*fresh"ing, a. Reviving;
reanimating. -- Re*fresh"ing*ly,
adv. -- Re*fresh"ing*ness,
n.
Re*fresh"ment (-ment), n.
[CF. OF. refreschissement, F.
rafra.] 1. The act
of refreshing, or the state of being refreshed; restoration of
strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; relief after suffering;
new life or animation after depression.
2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or
reanimation; especially, an article of food or drink.
Re*fret" (r?*fr?t"), n. [OF.
refret, L. refractus, p. p. See
Refrain, n., Refract.]
Refrain. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Re*freyd" (r?*fr?d"), v. t.
[OF. refreidier.] To chill; to
cool. [Obs.]
Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks.
Chaucer.
Ref`ri*ca"tion (r?f`r?*k?"sh?n), n.
[L. refricare to rub again.] A rubbing
up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.]
A continual refrication of the memory.
Bp. Hall.
Re*frig"er*ant (r?*fr?j"?r-ant),
a. [L. refrigerans, p. pr. of
refrigerare: cf. F. r\'82frig\'82rant. See
Refrigerate.] Cooling; allaying heat or
fever.
Bacon.
Re*frig"er*ant, n. That which makes to
be cool or cold; specifically, a medicine or an application for
allaying fever, or the symptoms of fever; -- used also
figuratively. Holland. \'bdA
refrigerant to passion.\'b8
Blair.
Re*frig"er*ate (-?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refrigerated
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refrigerating.] [L.
refrigeratus, p. p. cf. refrigerare; pref.
re- re- + grigerare to make cool, fr.
fragus, frigoris, coolness. See
Frigid.] To cause to become cool; to make or
keep cold or cool.
Re*frig`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82frig\'82ration, L.
refrigeratio.] The act or process of
refrigerating or cooling, or the state of being cooled.
Re*frig"er*a*tive (r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v),
a. [Cf. F. r\'82frig\'82ratif.]
Cooling; allaying heat. -- n. A
refrigerant.
Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative
treatment.
I. Taylor.
Re*frig"er*a`tor (-?`t?r), n.
That which refrigerates or makes cold; that which keeps
cool. Specifically: (a) A box or room for
keeping food or other articles cool, usually by means of
ice.<-- now by a mechanical cooling mechanism. -->
(b) An apparatus for rapidly cooling heated liquids
or vapors, connected with a still, etc.
Refrigerator car (Railroad), a
freight car constructed as a refrigerator, for the transportation
of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a temperature kept cool by
ice.<-- or by mechanical refrigeration -->
Re*frig"er*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a.
[L. refrigeratorius.] Mitigating heat;
cooling.
Re*frig"er*a*to*ry, n.; pl.
-ries (-fr. [CF. F.
r\'82frig\'82ratoire.] That which
refrigerates or cools. Specifically: (a) In
distillation, a vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the
worm, the vapor in which is thereby condensed. (b)
The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, in an ice
machine.
\'d8Ref`ri*ge"ri*um (r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m),
n. [L.] Cooling refreshment;
refrigeration. [Obs.]
South.
Re*frin"gen*cy (r?*fr?n"jen*s?),
n. The power possessed by a substance to refract
a ray; as, different substances have different
refringencies.
Nichol.
Re*frin"gent (-jent), a.
[L. refringens, p. pr. of refringere.
See Refract.] Pertaining to, or possessing,
refringency; refractive; refracting; as, a
refringent prism of spar.
Nichol.
Reft (r?ft), imp. & p. p. of
Reave. Bereft.
Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn.
Heber.
Reft, n. A chink; a rift. See
Rift.
Rom. of R.
Ref"uge (r?f"?j), n. [F.
r\'82fuge, L. refugium, fr.
refugere to flee back; pref. re- + figere.
SEe Fugitive.]
1. Shelter or protection from danger or
distress.
Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these
Find place or refuge.
Milton.
We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for
refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us.
Heb. vi. 18.
2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or
from distress or calamity; a stronghold which protects by its
strength, or a sanctuary which secures safety by its sacredness;
a place inaccessible to an enemy.
The high hills are a refuger the wild goats.
Ps. civ. 18.
The Lord also will be a refuge for the
oppressed.
Ps. ix. 9.
<-- p. 1209 -->
3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a
device or contrivance.
Their latest refuge
Was to send him.
Shak.
Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by
terracing
Sir H. Wotton.
Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.),
certain cities appointed as places of safe refuge for persons
who had committed homicide without design. Of these there were
three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx. --
House of refuge, a charitable institution for
giving shelter and protection to the homeless, destitute, or
tempted.
Syn. -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert.
Ref"uge (r?f"?j), v. t. To
shelter; to protect. [Obs.]
Ref`u*gee" (r?f`?*j?"), n. [F.
r\'82fugi\'82, fr. se r\'82fugier to take
refuge. See Refuge, n.] 1.
One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety.
2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or
political commotion, flees to a foreign power or country for
safety; as, the French refugees who left France
after the revocation of the edict of Nantes.
{ Re*ful"gence (r?*f?l"jens),
Re*ful"gen*cy (-jen*s?), }
n. [L. refulgentia. See
Refulgent.] The quality of being refulgent;
brilliancy; splender; radiance.
Re*ful"gent (r?*f?l"jent),
a. [L. refulgens, p. pr. of
refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref.
re- re- + fulgere to shine. See
Fulgent.] Casting a bright light; radiant;
brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as,
refulgent beams. --
Re*ful"gent*ly, adv.
So conspicuous and refulgent a truth.
Boyle.
Re*fund" (r?*f?nd"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + fund.] To fund again or
anew; to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to
refund a railroad loan.
Re*fund" (r?*f?nd"), v. t. [L.
refundere; pref. re- re- +
fundere to pour: cf. F. refondre,
refonder. See Fuse to melt, and cf.
Refound to cast again, 1st Refuse.]
1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.]
Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they
would refund that color upon the object.
Ray.
2. To give back; to repay; to restore.
A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced
to refund what he had wrongfully taken.
L'Estrange.
3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse.
[Obs.]
Re*fund"er (-?r), n. One who
refunds.
Re*fund"ment (-ment),
n.The act of refunding; also, that which is
refunded. [R.]
Lamb.
Re*fur"bish (r?*f?r"b?sh), v. t.
To furbish anew.
Re*fur"nish (-n?sh), v. t. To
furnish again.
Ref*fur"nish*ment (-ment),
n. The act of refurnishing, or state of being
refurnished.
The refurnishment was in a style richer than
before.
L. Wallace.
Re*fus"a*ble (r?*f?z"?*b'l), a.
[Cf. F. refusable. See Refuse.]
Capable of being refused; admitting of refusal.
Re*fus"al (-al), n.
1. The act of refusing; denial of anything
demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance.
Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels,
On my refusal, to distress me more?
Milton.
2. The right of taking in preference to others; the
choice of taking or refusing; option; as, to give one the
refusal of a farm; to have the refusal of an
employment.
Re*fuse" (r?*f?z"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refused
(-f?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Refusing.] [F. refuser,
either from (assumed) LL. refusare to refuse, v. freq.
of L. refundere to pour back, give back, restore (see
Refund to repay), or. fr. L. recusare to
decline, refuse cf. Accuse, Ruse), influenced
by L. refutare to drive back, repel, refute. Cf.
Refute.] 1. To deny, as a request,
demand, invitation, or command; to decline to do or grant.
That never yet refused your hest.
Chaucer.
2. (Mil.) To throw back, or cause to
keep back (as the center, a wing, or a flank), out of the regular
aligment when troops aras, to
refuse the right wing while the left wing
attacks.
3. To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the
request or petition of; as, to refuse a
suitor.
The cunning workman never doth refuse
The meanest tool that he may chance to use.
Herbert.
4. To disown. [Obs.]
\'bdRefuse thy name.\'b8
Shak.
Re*fuse", v. i. To deny compliance; not
to comply.
Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse.
Garth.
If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the
sword.
Isa. i. 20.
Re*fuse", n. Refusal.
[Obs.]
Fairfax.
Ref`use (r?f"?s;277), n. [F.
refus refusal, also, that which is refused. See
Refuse to deny.] That which is refused or
rejected as useless; waste or worthless matter.
Syn. -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross.
Ref"use, a. Refused; rejected; hence;
left as unworthy of acceptance; of no value; worthless.
Everything that was vile and refuse, that they
destroyed utterly.
1. Sam. xv. 9.
Re*fus"er (r?*f?z"?r), n. One
who refuses or rejects.
Re*fu"sion (r?*f?"zh?n), n.
[Pref. re-+ fusion.]
1. New or repeated melting, as of metals.
2. Restoration. \'bdThis doctrine of the
refusion of the soul.\'b8
Bp. Warbuton.
Ref"ul (r?f"?t), n. [OF.
refuite.] Refuge. \'bdThou haven of
refut.\'b8 [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty (r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?),
n. The quality of being refutable.
Re*fut"a*ble (r?*f?t"?*b'l;277), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82futable.] Admitting of
being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or
erroneous.
Re*fut"al (r?*f?t"al), n.
Act of refuting; refutation.
Ref`u*ta"tion (r?f`?*t?"sh?n), n.
[L. refutatio: cf. F.
r\'82futation.] The act or process of
refuting or disproving, or the state of being refuted; proof of
falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, opinion,
testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing
proof.
Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a
refutation.
Macaulay.
Re*fut"a*to*ry (r?*f?t"?*t?*r?), a.
[L. refutatorius: cf. F.
r\'82futatoire.] Tending tu refute;
refuting.
Re*fute" (r?*F3t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Refuted; p. pr.
& vb. n. Refuting.] [F.
r\'82futer, L. refuteare to repel, refute.
Cf. Confute, Refuse to deny.] To
disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or countervailing
proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; as, to
refute arguments; to refute testimony; to
refute opinions or theories; to refute a
disputant.
There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is
impossible to refute such multitudes.
Addison.
Syn. -- To confute; disprove. See Confute.
Re*fut"er (-f?t"?r), n. One
who, or that which, refutes.
Re*gain" (r?*g?n"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + gain: cf. F.
regagner.] To gain anew; to get again; to
recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to reach again.
Syn. -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve.
Re"gal (r?"gal), a.
[L. regalis, fr. rex,
regis, a king. See Royal, and cf.
Rajah, Realm, Regalia.] Of
or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; as, regal
authority, pomp, or sway. \'bdThe regal
title.\'b8
Shak.
He made a scorn of his regal oath.
Milton.
Syn. -- Kingly; royal. See Kingly.
Re"gal, n. [F. r\'82gale, It.
regale. CF. Rigoll.] (Mus.)
A small portable organ, played with one hand, the bellows
being worked with the other, -- used in the sixteenth and
seventeenth centuries.
\'d8Re*ga"le (r?*g?"l?), n.
[LL. regale, pl. regalia, fr. L.
regalis: cf. F. r\'82gale. See
Regal.] A prerogative of royalty.
[R.]
Johnson.
Re*gale" (r?*g?l), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regaled
(-g?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regaling.] [F. r\'82galer,
Sp. regalar to regale, to caress, to melt, perhaps fr.
L. regalare to thaw (cff. Gelatin), or cf.
Sp. gala graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of
a thing (cf. Gala), or most likely from OF.
galer to rejoice, gale pleasure.]
To enertaas, to
regale the taste, the eye, or the ear.
Re*gale", v. i. To feast; t
Re*gale", n. [F. r\'82gal.
See Regale, v. t.] A sumptuous
repast; a banquet.
Johnson. Cowper.
Two baked custards were produced as additions to the
regale.
E. E. Hale.
Re*gale"ment (-ment), n.
The act of regaling; anything which regales; refreshment;
entertainment.
Re*gal"er (-g?l"?r), n. One who
regales.
Re*ga"li*a (r?*g?"l?*?), n. pl.
[LL., from L. regalisregal. See
Regal.] 1. That which belongs to
royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and prerogatives
of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c)
Ensings, symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty.
2. Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or
order, as of Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc.
3. Sumptuous food; delicacies.
[Obs.]
Cotton.
Regalia of a church, the privileges granted to
it by kings; sometimes, its patrimony.
Brande & C.
Re*ga"li*a, n. A kind of cigar of large
size and superior quality; also, the size in which such cigars
are classed.
Re*ga"li*an (-an), a.
Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal insignia or
prerogatives.
Hallam.
Re"gal*ism (r?"gal*?z'm),
n. The doctrine of royal prerogative or
supremacy. [R.]
Cardinal Manning.
Re*gal"i*ty (r?*g?l"?*t?), n.
[LL. regalitas, from L. regalis regal,
royal. See Regal, and cf. Royality.]
1. Royalty; ssovereignty; sovereign
jurisdiction.
[Passion] robs reason of her due regalitie.
Spenser.
He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all
points of regality.
Bacon.
2. An ensign or badge of royalty.
[Obs.]
Re"gal*ly (r?"gal*l?), adv.
In a regal or royal manner.
Re*gard" (r?*g?rd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regarded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Regarding.] [F.
regarder; pref. re- re + garder
to guard, heed, keep. See Guard, and cf.
Reward.] 1. To keep in view; to
behold; to look at; to view; to gaze upon.
Your niece regards me with an eye of favor.
Shak.
2. Hence, to look or front toward; to face.
[Obs.]
It is peninsula which regardeth the mainland.
Sandys.
That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the assregarding the river.
Evelyn.
3. To look closely at; to observe attentively; to
pay attention to; to notice or remark particularly.
If much you note him,
You offened him; . . . feed, and regard him not.
Shak.
4. To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold
as an popinion; to consider; as, to regard
abstinence from wine as a duty; to regard another as a
friend or enemy.
5. To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling
toward; as, to regard one with favor or
dislike.
His associates seem to have regarded him with
kindness.
Macaulay.
6. To pay respect to; to treat as something of
peculiar value, sanctity, or the like; to care for; to
esteem.
He that regardeth thae day, regardeth it
into the LOrd.
Rom. xiv. 6.
Here's Beaufort, that regards nor God nor king.
Shak.
7. To take into consideration; to take account of,
as a fact or condition. \'bdNether regarding
that she is my child, nor fearing me as if II were her
father.\'b8
Shak.
8. To have relation to, as bearing upon; to
respect; to relate to; to touch; as, an argument does not
regard the question; -- often used impersonally;
as, I agree with you as regards this or
that.
Syn. -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect;
esteem; estimate; value. See Attend.
Re*gard" (r?*g?rd"), v. i. To
look attentively; to consider; to notice.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re*gard", n. [F. regard See
Regard, v. t.] 1. A look;
aspect directed to another; view; gaze.
But her, with stern regard, he thus repelled.
Milton.
2. Attention of the mind with a feeling of
interest; observation; heed; notice.
Full many a lady
I have eyed with best regard.
Shak.
3. That view of the mind which springs from
perception of value, estimable qualities, or anything that
excites admiration; respect; esteem; reverence; affection;
as, to have a high regard for a person; --
often in the plural.
He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable
regards.
A. Smith.
Save the long-sought regards of woman, nothing is
sweeter than those marks of childish preference.
Hawthorne.
4. State of being regarded, whether favorably or
otherwise; estimation; repute; note; account.
A man of meanest regard amongst them, neither
having wealth or power.
Spenser.
5. Consideration; thought; reflection; heed.
Sad pause and deep regard become the sage.
Shak.
6. Matter for conssideration; account;
condition. [Obs.] \'bdReason full of good
regard.\'b8
Shak.
7. Respect; relation; reference.
Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with
regard to themselves; in justice and goodness with
regard to their neighbors; and piefy toward God.
I. Watts.
in regard of was formerly used
as equivalent in meaning to on account of, but in
modern usage is often improperly substituted for in respect
to, or in regard to.
G. P. Marsh.
Change was thought necessary in regard of the
injury the church did receive by a number of things then in
use.
Hooker.
In regard of its security, it had a great advantage
over the bandboxes.
Dickens.
8. Object of sight; scene; view; aspect.
[R.]
Throw out our eyes for brave Othello,
Even till we make the main and the a\'89rial blue
An indistinct regard.
Shak.
9. (O.Eng.Law) Supervision;
inspection.
At regard of, in consideration of; in
comparison with. [Obs.] \'bdBodily penance is but
short and little at regard of the pains of hell.\'b8
Chaucer. -- Court of regard, a
forest court formerly held in England every third year for the
lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent them from running
after deer; -- called also survey of dogs.
Blackstone.
Syn. -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed;
care; concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence.
Re*gard"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded;
observable. [R.]
Sir T. Browne.
Re*gard"ant (-ant), a.
[F. regardant, fr. regarder. See
Regard, v. t.] [Written also
regardant.] 1. Looking behind;
looking backward watchfully.
[He] turns thither his regardant eye.
Southey.
2. (Her.) Looking behind or backward;
as, a lion regardant.
3. (O.Eng.Law) Annexed to the land or
manor; as, a villain regardant.
Re*gard"er (r?*g?rd"?r), n.
1. One who regards.
2. (Eng. Forest law) An officer
appointed to supervise the forest.
Cowell.
Re*gard"ful (-f?l), a. Heedful;
attentive; observant. --
Re*gard"ful*ly, adv.
Let a man be very tender and regardful of every
pious motion made by the Spirit of God to his heart.
South.
Syn. -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant.
Re*gard"ing, prep. Concerning;
respecting.
Re*gard"less, a. 1. Having no
regard; heedless; careless; as, regardless of life,
consequences, dignity.
Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat.
Milton.
2. Not regarded; slighted. [R.]
Spectator.
Syn. -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent;
unconcerned; inattentive; unobservant; neglectful.
-- Re*gard"less*ly, adv. --
Re*gard"less*ness, n.
Re*gath"er (r?*g?th"?r), v. t.
To gather again.
Re*gat"ta (r?*g?t"t?), n.; pl.
Regattas (-t. [It.
regatta, regata.] Originally, a
gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing race, or a
series of such races.
Re"gel (r?"g?l), n.
(Astron.) See Rigel.
Re"ge*late (r?"j?*l?t , v.
i. (Physics) To freeze together again; to
undergo regelation, as ice.
Re`ge*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
[Pref. re- + L. gelatio a
freezing.] (Physics) The act or process of
freezing anew, or together,as two pieces of ice.
regelation.
Faraday.
Re"gence (r?"jens), n.
Rule. [Obs.]
Hudibras.
Re"gen*cy (r?*jen*s?), n.;
pl. Regencies (-s. [CF.
F. r\'82gence, LL. regentia. See
Regent, a.] 1. The office
of ruler; rule; authority; government.
2. Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or
dominion of a regent or vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents;
deputed or vicarious government.
Sir W. Temple.
3. A body of men intrusted with vicarious
government; as, a regency constituted during a
king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or other
disability.
A council or regency consisting of twelve
persons.
Lowth.
Re*gen"er*a*cy (r?*j?n"?r*?*s?), n.
[See Regenerate.] The state of being
regenerated.
Hammond.
Re*gen"er*ate (-?t), a. [L.
regeneratus, p. p. of regenerare to
regenerate; pref. re- re- + generare to
beget. See Generate.] 1.
Reproduced.
The earthly author of my blood,
Whose youthful spirit, in me regenerate,
Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up.
Shak.
2. (Theol.) Born anew; become Christian;
renovated in heart; changed from a natural to a spiritual
state.
<-- p. 1210 -->
Re*gen"er*ate (r?*j?n"?r*?t), v. t.
1. To generate or produce anew; to reproduce; to
give new life, strength, or vigor to.
Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads.
Regenerates the plauts, and new adorns the meads.
Blackmore.
2. (Theol.) To cause to be spiritually
born anew; to cause to become a Christian; to convert from sin to
holiness; to implant holy affections in the heart of.
3. Hence, to make a radical change for the better
in the character or condition of; as, to regenerate
society.
Re*gen"er*ate*ness (-?t*n?s), n.
The quality or state of being rgenerate.
Re*gen`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[L. regeneratio: cf. F.
r\'82g\'82neration.] 1. The act of
regenerating, or the state of being regenerated.
2. (Theol.) The entering into a new
spiritual life; the act of becoming, or of being made, Christian;
that change by which holy affectations and purposes are
substituted for the opposite motives in the heart.
He saved us by the washing of regeneration, and
renewing of the Holy Chost.
Tit. iii. 5.
3. (Biol.) The reproduction of a part
which has been removed or destroyed; re-formation; -- a process
especially characteristic of a many of the lower animals; as,
the regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, and claws by
spiders and crabs.
4. (Physiol.) (a) The
reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., which have been
used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of life; as,
the continual regeneration of the epithelial cells of
the body, or the regeneration of the contractile
substance of muscle. (b) The union of
parts which have been severed, so that they become anatomically
perfect; as, the regeneration of a nerve.
Re*gen"er*a*tive (r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v),
a. Of or pertaining to regeneration; tending to
regenerate; as, regenerative influences.
H. Bushnell.
Regenerative furnace (Metal.), a
furnace having a regenerator in which gas used for fuel, and air
for supporting combustion, are heated; a Siemens
furnace.
Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly, adv. So as to
regenerate.
Re*gen"er*a`tor (-?`t?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, regenerates.
2. (Mech.) A device used in connection
with hot-air engines, gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the
incoming air or gas is heated by being brought into contact with
masses of iron, brick, etc., which have been previously heated by
the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or gas.
Re*gen"er*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a.
Having power to renew; tending to reproduce;
regenerating.
G. S. Faber.
Re*gen"e*sis (-?*s?s), n. New
birth; renewal.
A continued regenesis of dissenting sects.
H. Spenser.
Re"gent (r?"jent), a.
[L. regens, -entis, p. pr. of
regere to rule: cf. F. r\'82gent. See
Regiment.] 1. Ruling; governing;
regnant. \'bdSome other active regent principle
. . . which we call the soul.\'b8
Sir M. Hale.
2. Exercising vicarious authority.
Milton.
Queen regent. See under Queen,
n.
Re"gent, n. [F. r\'82gent.
See Regent, a.] 1. One
who rules or reigns; a governor; a ruler.
Milton.
2. Especially, one invested with vicarious
authority; one who governs a kingdom in the minority, absence, or
disability of the sovereign.
3. One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer;
a superintendent; a curator; as, the regents of the
Smithsonian Institution.
4. (Eng.Univ.) A resident master of arts
of less than five years' standing, or a doctor of less than twwo.
They were formerly privileged to lecture in the schools.
Regent bird (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful
Australian bower bird (Sericulus melinus). The male
has the head, neck, and large patches on the wings, bright golden
yellow, and the rest of the plumage deep velvety black; -- so
called in honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.),
who was Prince Regent in the reign of George III. --
The Regents of the University of the State of New
York, the members of a corporate body called the
University of New York. They have a certain supervisory power
over the incorporated institution for Academic and higher
education in the State.
Re"gent*ess, n. A female regent.
[R.]
Cotgrave.
Re"gent*ship, n. The office of a regent;
regency.
Re*ger"mi*nate (r?*j?r"m?*n?t), v.
i. [Pref. re- + germinate: cf. L.
regerminare.] To germinate again.
Perennial plants regerminate several years
successively.
J. Lee.
Re*ger`mi*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
[L. regerminatio.] A germinating again
or anew.
Re*gest" (r?*j?st"), n. [L.
regesta, pl.: cf. OF. regestes, pl. See
Register.] A register.
[Obs.]
Milton.
Re*get" (r?*g?t"), v. t. To get
again.
Re"gi*an (r?"j?-an), n.
[L. regius regal.] An upholder of
kingly authority; a royalist. [Obs.]
Fuller.
Reg"i*ble (r?j"?*b'l), a. [L.
regibilis, from regere to rule.]
Governable; tractable. [Obs.]
Reg"i*ci`dal (r?j"?*s?`dal),
a. Pertaining to regicide, or to one committing
it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide.
Bp. Warburton.
Reg"i*cide (r?j"?*s?d), n. [F.
r\'82gicide; L. rex, regis, a
king + caedere to kill. Cf. Homicide.]
1. One who kills or who murders a king;
specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who
condemned Charles I. to death.
2. The killing or the murder of a king.
Re*gild" (r?*g?ld"), v. t. To
gild anew.
\'d8R\'82`gime" (r?`zh?m"), n.
[F. See Regimen.] 1. Mode or
system of rule or management; character of government, or of the
prevailing social system.
I dream . . . of the new r\'82gime which is to
come.
H. Kingsley.
2. (Hydraul.) The condition of a river
with respect to the rate of its flow, as measured by the volume
of water passing different cross sections in a given time,
uniform r\'82gime being the condition when the flow is
equal and uniform at all the cross sections.
The ancient r\'82gime, Ancien
r\'82gime [F.], the former political
and social system, as distinguished from the modern;
especially, the political and social system existing in France
before the Revolution of 1789.
Reg"i*men (r?j"?*m?n), n. [L.
regimen, -inis, fr. regere to
guide, to rule. See Right, and cf. Regal,
R\'82gime, Regiment.] 1.
Orderly government; system of order; adminisration.
Hallam.
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to
produce beneficial effects by gradual operation; esp.
(Med.), a systematic course of diet, etc., pursed
with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for the
purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of
flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with
hygiene.
3. (Gram.) (a) A syntactical
relation between words, as when one depends on another and is
regulated by it in respect to case or mood; government.
(b) The word or words governed.
Reg"i*ment (-ment), n.
[F. r\'82giment a regiment of men, OF. also
government, L. regimentum government, fr.
regere to guide, rule. See Regimen.]
1. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority;
regimen. [Obs.] Spenser.
\'bdRegiment of health.\'b8 Bacon.
But what are kings, when regiment is gone,
But perfect shadows in a sunshine day?
Marlowe.
The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of
regiment.
Hocker.
2. A region or district governed.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
3. (Mil.) A body of men, either horse,
foot, or artillery, commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a
number of companies, usually ten.
Regiment of the line (Mil.), a
regiment organized for general service; -- in distinction from
those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are usually special.
[Eng.]
Reg"i*ment (-m?nt), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regimented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Regimenting.] To
form into a regiment or into regiments.
Washington.
Reg`i*men"tal (-m?n"tal),
a. Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment;
as, regimental officers, clothing.
Regimental school, in the British army, a
school for the instruction of the private soldiers of a regiment,
and their children, in the rudimentary branches of
education.
Reg`i*men"tal*ly, adv. In or by a
regiment or regiments; as, troops classified
regimentally.
Reg`i*men"tals (-talz), n.
pl. (Mil.) The uniform worn by the officers
and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in
the singular in the same sense.
Colman.
Re*gim"i*nal (r?*j?m"?*nal),
a. Of or relating to regimen; as,
regiminal rules.
Re"gion (r?"j?n), n. [F.
r\'82gion, from L. regio a direction, a
boundary line, region, fr. regere to guide, direct.
See Regimen.] 1. One of the grand
districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the
earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in
general, a portion of space or territory of indefinite extent;
country; province; district; tract.
If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world,
Or unknown region.
Milton.
2. Tract, part, or space, lying about and including
anything; neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. \'bdThough the
fork invade the region of my heart.\'b8
Shak.
Philip, tetrarch of .. the region of
Trachonitis.
Luke iii. 1.
3. The upper air; the sky; the heavens.
[Obs.]
Anon the dreadful thunder
Doth rend the region.
Shak.
4. The inhabitants of a district.
Matt. iii. 5.
5. Place; rank; station. [Obs. or
R.]
He is of too high a region.
Shak.
Re"gion*al (-al), a.
Of or pertaining to a particular region; sectional.
Re"gi*ous (-j?*?s), a. [L.
regius royal, fr. rex, regis,
king.] Regal; royal. [Obs.]
Harrington.
Reg"is*ter (r?j"?s*t?r), n.
[OE. registre, F. registre, LL.
registrum,regestum, L. regesta,
pl., fr. regerere, regestum, to carry back,
to register; pref. re- re- + gerere to
carry. See Jest, and cf. Regest.]
1. A written account or entry; an official or
formal enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a
list or roll; a schedule.
As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into
the register of your own.
Shak.
2. (Com.) (a) A record
containing a list and description of the merchant vessels
belonging to a port or customs district. (b)
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port
or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description
of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is
kept on board the vessel, to be used as an evidence of
nationality or as a muniment of title.
3. [Cf. LL. registrarius. Cf.
Regisrar.] One who registers or records; a
registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with
the duty of recording certain transactions or events; as, a
register of deeds.
4. That which registers or records.
Specifically: (a) (Mech.) A contrivance
for automatically noting the performance of a machine or the
rapidity of a process. (b) (Teleg.)
The part of a telegraphic apparatus which records
automatically the message received. (c) A
machine for registering automatically the number of persons
passing through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale.
5. A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace,
stove, etc., for regulating the admission of air to the fuel;
also, an arrangement containing dampers or shutters, as in the
floor or wall of a room or passage, or in a chimney, for
admitting or excluding heated air, or for regulating
ventilation.
6. (Print.) (a) The inner part
of the mold in which types are cast. (b) The
correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or
reverse sides of the sheet. (c) The
correspondence or adjustment of the several impressions in a
design which is printed in parts, as in chromolithographic
printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. See
Register, v. i. 2.
7. (Mus.) (a) The compass of a
voice or instrument; a specified portion of the compass of a
voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given compass; as, the
upper, middle, or lower register; the soprano
register; the tenor register.
thick
register properly extends below from the F on the lower
space of the treble staff. The thin register extends
an octave above this. The small register is above the
thin. The voice in the thick register is called the chest
voice; in the thin, the head voice.
Falsetto is a kind off voice, of a thin, shrull
quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin register
for tones below the proper limit on the scale.
E. Behnke.
(b) A stop or set of pipes in an organ.
Parish register, A book in which are recorded
the births, baptisms, marriages, deaths, and burials in a
parish.
Syn. -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle;
annals. See List.
Reg"is*ter (r?j"?s*t?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Registere
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Registering.] [Cf. F.
regisrer, exregistrer, LL.
registrare. See Register,
n.] 1. T
2. To enroll; to enter in a list.
Such follow him as shall be registered.
Milton.
Registered letter, a letter, the address of
which is, on payment of a special fee, registered in the post
office and the transmission and delivery of which are attended to
with particular care.
Reg"is*ter, v. i. 1. To enroll
one's name in a register.
2. (Print.) To correspond in ralative
position; as, two pages, columns, etc. ,
register when the corresponding parts fall in the same
line, or when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or
(as in chromatic printing) where the various colors of the design
are printed consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is
necessary.
Reg"is*ter*ing, a. Recording; -- applied
to instruments; having an apparatus which registers; as, a
registering thermometer. See
Recording.
Reg"is*ter*ship, n. The office of a
register.
Reg"is*trant (-trant), n.
[L. registrans, p. pr.] One who
registers; esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official
registration, obtains a certain right or title of possession, as
to a trade-mark.
Reg"is*trar (-tr?r), n. [LL.
registrarius, or F. r\'82gistraire. See
Register.] One who registers; a recorder; a
keeper of records; as, a registrar of births,
deaths, and marriages. See Register, n.,
3.
Reg"is*trar*ship, n. The office of a
registrar.
Reg"is*tra*ry (- tr?*r?), n. A
registrar. [Obs.]
Reg"is*trate (-tr?t), v. t. To
register. [R.]
Reg`is*tra"tion (-tr?"sh?n), n.
[LL. registratio, or F.
r\'82gistration. See Register,
v.] 1. The act of registering;
registry; enrollment.
2. (Mus.) The art of selecting and
combining the stops or registers of an organ.
Reg"is*try (r?j"?s*tr?), n.
1. The act of recording or writing in a register;
enrollment; registration.
2. The place where a register is kept.
3. A record; an account; a register.
Sir W. Temple.
\'d8Re"gi*us (r?l"?*?s), a. [L.
regius, from rex, regis, a
king.] Of or pertaining to a king; royal.
Regius professor, an incumbent of a
professorship founded by royal bounty, as in an English
university.
Re*give" (r?*g?v"), v. t. To
give again; to give back.
Re"gle (r?g"'l) v. t. [See
Reglement.] To rule; to govern.
[Obs.] \'bdTo regle their lives.\'b8
Fuller.
Re"gle*ment (r?g"'l*ment),
n. [F. r\'82glement, fr.
r\'82gler, L. regulare. See
Regulate.] Regulation.
[Obs.]
The reformation and reglement of usuary.
Bacon.
Reg`le*men"ta*ry (-l?*m?n"t?*r?), a.
[F. r\'82glementaire, fr.
r\'82glement.] Regulative.
[R.]
Reg"let (r?g"l?t), n. [F.
r\'82glet, dim. of r\'8agle a rule, L.
regula. See Rule.] 1.
(Arch.) A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to
separate the parts or members of compartments or panels from one
another, or doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots,
frets, or other ornaments. See Illust. (12) of
Column.
2. (Print.)A strip of wood or metal of
the height of a quadrat, used for regulating the space between
pages in a chase, and also for spacing out title-pages and other
open matter. It is graded to different sizes, and designated by
the name of the type that it matches; as, nonpareil
reglet, pica reglet, and the like.
\'d8Reg"ma (r?g"m?), n. [NL.,
fr. Gr. (Bot.) A kind
of dry fruit, consisting of three or more cells, each which at
length breaks open at the inner angle.
Reg"ma*carp (-k?rp), n
[Regma + Gr.
(Bot.) Any dry dehiscent fruit.
Reg"nal (r?g"nal), a.
[L. regnum reign.] Of or pertaining to
the reign of a monarch; as, regnal years.
Reg"nan*cy (-nan*s?), n.
The condition or quality of being regnant; sovereignty;
rule.
Coleridge.
Reg"nant (-nant), a.
[L. regnans, -antis, p. pr. of
regnare to reign: cf. F r\'82gnant. See
Reign.] 1. Exercising regal
authority; reigning; as, a queen regnant.
2. Having the chief power; ruling; predominant;
prevalent. \'bdA traitor to the vices
regnant.\'b8
Swift.
Reg"na*tive (-n?*t?v), a.
Ruling; governing. [Obs.]
Regne (r?n), n. & v. See
Reign. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*gorge" (r?*g?rj"), v. t. [F.
regorder; re- + gorger to gorge. Cf.
Regurgitate.] 1. To vomit up; to
eject from the stomach; to throw back.
Hayward.
2. To swallow again; to swallow back.
Tides at highest mark regorge the flood.
DRyden.
<-- p. 1211 -->
Re*grade" (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L.
re- re- + gradi to go. Cf. Regrede. ]
To retire; to go back. [Obs.]
W. Hales.
Re*graft" (r?*gr?ft"), v. t. To
graft again.
Re*grant" (r?*gr?nt"), v. t. To
grant back; to grant again or anew.
Ayliffe.
Re*grant", n. 1. The act of
granting back to a former proprietor.
2. A renewed of a grant; as, the
regrant of a monopoly.
Re*grate" (r?*gr?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regrated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Regrating.] [F.
regratter, literally, to scrape again. See
Re-, and Grate, v. t.]
1. (Masonry) To remove the outer surface
of, as of an old hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh
appearance.
2. To offend; to shock. [Obs.]
Derham.
Re*grate", v. t. [F.
regratter to regrate provisions; of uncertain
origin.] (Eng.Law) To buy in large
quantities, as corn, provisions, etc., at a market or fair, with
the intention of selling the same again, in or near the same
place, at a higher price, -- a practice which was formerly
treated as a public offense.
Re*grat"er (-?r), n. [F.
regrattier.] One who regrates.
Re*grat"er*y, n. The act or practice of
regrating.
Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry (r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?),
n. A returning or giving of thanks.
[Obs.]
Skelton.
Re*grat"or (r?*gr?t"?r), n. One
guilty of regrating.
Re*grede" (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L.
regredi to go back. Cf. Regrade,
Regress.] To go back; to retrograde, as the
apsis of a planet's orbit. [R.]
Todhunter.
Re*gre"di*ence (r?*gr?"d?-ens),
n. A going back; a retrogression; a return.
[R.]
Herrick.
Re*greet" (r?*gr?t"), v. t. To
greet again; to resalute; to return a salutation to; to
greet.
Shak.
Re*greet", n. A return or exchange of
salutation.
Re"gress (r?"gr?s), n. [L.
regressus, fr. regredi,
regressus. See Regrede.] 1.
The act of passing back; passage back; return;
retrogression. \'bdThe progress or regress of
man\'b8.
F. Harrison.
2. The power or liberty of passing back.
Shak.
Re*gress" (r?*gr?s"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Regressed
(-gr?st"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regressing.] To go back; to return to a
former place or state.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*gres"sion (r?*gr?sh"?n), n.
[L. regressio: cf. F.
r\'82gression.] The act of passing back or
returning; retrogression; retrogradation.
Sir T. Browne.
Edge of regression (of a surface)
(Geom.), the line along which a surface turns back
upon itself; -- called also a cuspidal
edge. -- Regression point
(Geom.), a cusp.
Re*gress"ive (r?*gr?s"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82gressif.]
1. Passing back; returning.
2. Characterized by retrogression;
retrogressive.
Regressive metamorphism. (a)
(Biol.) See Retrogression.
(b) (Physiol.) See
Katabolism.
Re*gress"ive*ly, adv. In a regressive
manner.
Re*gret" (r?*gr?t"), n [F., fr.
regretter. See Regret, ]
1. Pain of mind on account of something done or
experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different;
a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing; grief;
sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the loss of some
joy, advantage, or satisfaction. \'bdA passionate
regret at sin.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
What man does not remember with regret the first
time he read Robinson Crusoe?
Macaulay.
Never any prince expressed a more lively regret for
the loss of a servant.
Clarendon.
From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond
regrets and tender recollections.
W. Irving.
2. Dislike; aversion. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Syn. -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance;
penitence; self-condemnation. -- Regret,
Remorse, Compunction, Contrition,
Repentance. Regret does not carry with it the
energy of remorse, the sting of
compunction, the sacredness of contrition,
or the practical character of repentance. We even
apply the term regret to circumstance over which we
have had no control, as the absence of friends or their loss.
When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts
than to wrong or sinful ones.
C. J. Smith.
Re*gret", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Regretted (-t?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Regretting.] [F.
regretter, OF. regreter; L. pref.
re- re- + a word of Teutonic origin; cf. Goth.
gr to weep, Icel. gr. See
Greet to lament.] To experience regret on
account of; to lose or miss with a sense of regret; to feel
sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the happening or the
loss of something); as, to regret an error; to
regret lost opportunities or friends.
Calmly he looked on either life, and here
Saw nothing to regret, or there to fear.
Pope.
In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to
regret their slavery, and to murmur against their
leader.
Macaulay.
Recruits who regretted the plow from which they had
been violently taken.
Macaulay.
Re*gret"ful (-f?l), a. Full of
regret; indulging in regrets; repining. --
Re*gret"ful*ly, adv.
Re*grow" (r?*gr?"), v. i. & t.
To grow again.
The snail had power to regrow them all [horns,
tongue, etc.]
A. B. Buckley.
Re*growth" (r?*gr?th"), n. The
act of regrowing; a second or new growth.
Darwin.
The regrowth of limbs which had been cut off.
A. B. Buckley.
Re*guard"ant (r?*g?rd"ant),
a. (Her.) Same as
Regardant.
Re*guer"don (r?*g?r"d?n), v. t.
[Pref. re- re- + guerdon: cf. OF.
reguerdonner.] To reward.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Reg"u*la*ble (r?g"?*l?*b'l), a.
Capable of being regulated. [R.]
Reg"u*lar (-l?r), a. [L.
regularis, fr. regula a rule, fr.
regere to guide, to rule: cf. F.
r\'82gulier. See Rule.]
1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established
rule, law, principle, or type, or to established customary forms;
normal; symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry;
a regular piece of music; a regular verb;
regular practice of law or medicine; a regular
building.
2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in
course, practice, or occurence; not subject to unexplained or
irrational variation; returning at stated intervals; steadily
pursued; orderlly; methodical; as, the regular
succession of day and night; regular habits.
3. Constituted, selected, or conducted in
conformity with established usages, rules, or discipline; duly
authorized; permanently organized; as, a regular
meeting; a regular physican; a regular
nomination; regular troops.
4. Belonging to a monastic order or community;
as, regular clergy, in distinction dfrom the
secular clergy.
5. Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a
regular humbug. [Colloq.]
6. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having all the
parts of the same kind alike in size and shape; as, a
regular flower; a regular sea
urchin.
7. (Crystallog.) Same as
Isometric.
Regular polygon (Geom.), a plane
polygon which is both equilateral and equiangular. --
Regular polyhedron (Geom.), a
polyhedron whose faces are equal regular polygons. There are five
regular polyhedrons, -- the tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube,
the octahedron, the dodecahedron, and the icosahedron. --
Regular sales (Stock Exchange), sales
of stock deliverable on the day after the transaction. --
Regular troops, troops of a standing or permanent
army; -- opposed to militia.<-- or opposed to
reserves -->
Syn. -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See
Normal.
Reg"u*lar (r?g"?*l?r), n. [LL.
regularis: cf. F. r\'82gulier. See
Regular, a.] 1. (R. C.
Ch.) A member of any religious order or community who
has taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who
has been solemnly recognized by the church.
Bp. Fitzpatrick.
2. (Mil.) A soldier belonging to a
permanent or standing army; -- chiefly used in the plural.
\'d8Reg`u*la"ri*a (r?g`?*l?"r?*?),
n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
division of Echini which includes the circular, or regular, sea
urchins.
Reg`u*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82gularit\'82.] The
condition or quality of being regular; as,
regularity of outline; the regularity of
motion.
Reg"u*lar*ize (r?g"?*l?r*?z), v. t.
To cause to become regular; to regulate.
[R.]
Reg"u*lar*ly, adv. In a regular manner;
in uniform order; methodically; in due order or time.
Reg"u*lar*ness, n. Regularity.
Boyle.
Reg"u*lato (-l?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Regulated
(-l?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Regulating.] [L. regulatus,
p. p. of regulare, fr. regula. See
Regular.] 1. To adjust by rule,
method, or established mode; to direct by rule or restriction; to
subject to governing principles or laws.
The laws which regulate the successions of the
seasons.
Macaulay.
The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes,
and regulated their own police.
Bancroft.
2. To put in good order; as, to
regulate the disordered state of a nation or its
finances.
3. To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a
desired rate, degree, or condition; as, to regulate
the temperature of a room, the pressure of steam, the speed of a
machine, etc.
To regulate a watch clock, to adjust its rate of running so
that it will keep approximately standard time.
Syn. -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct;
order; rule; govern.
Reg`u*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n.
1. The act of regulating, or the state of being
regulated.
The temper and regulation of our own minds.
Macaulay.
2. A rule or order prescribed for management or
government; prescription; a regulating principle; a governing
direction; precept; law; as, the regulations of a
society or a school.
Regulation sword, cap,
uniform, etc. (Mil.), a sword,
cap, uniform, etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by the
official regulations.
Syn. -- Law; rule; method; principle; order;
precept. See Law.
Reg"u*la*tive (r?g"?*l?*t?v), a.
1. Tending to regulate; regulating.
Whewell.
2. (Metaph.) Necessarily assumed by the
mind as fundamental to all other knowledge; furnishing
fundamental principles; as, the regulative
principles, or principles a priori; the
regulative faculty.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Reg"u*la`tor (-l?`t?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, regulates.
2. (Mach.) A contrivance for regulating
and controlling motion, as: (a) The lever or index in a
watch, which controls the effective length of the hairspring, and
thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) The
governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling
the admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive.
3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard
of correct time. See Astronomical clock
(a), under Clock.
4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in
default of the lawful authority, undertakes to preserve order and
prevent crimes; also, sometimes, one of a band organized for the
comission of violent crimes. [U.S.]
A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the
Regulators.
Bancroft.
Reg"u*line (r?g"?*l?n), a. [Cf.
F. r\'82gulin. See Regulus.]
(Chem. & Metal.) Of or pertaining to
regulus.
Reg"u*lize (-l?z), v. t. (Old
Chem.) To reduce to regulus; to separate, as a metal
from extraneous matter; as, to regulize
antimony. [Archaic]
Reg"u*lus (-l?s), n.; pl. E.
Reguluses (-Reguli
(-l. [L., a petty king, prince, dim. of
rex, regis, a king: cf. F.
r\'82gule. See Regal.] 1.
A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence.
2. (Chem. & Metal.) The button, globule,
or mass of metal, in a more or less impure state, which forms in
the bottom of the crucible in smelting and reduction of
ores.
little king; and from the facility with which antimony
alloyed with gold, these empirical philosophers had great hopes
that this metal, antimony, would lead them to the
discovery of the philosopher's stone.
Ure.
3. (Astron.) A star of the first
magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- called also the
Lion's Heart.
Re*gur"gi*tate (r?*g?r"j?*t?t), v.
t. [LL. regurgitare,
regurgitatum; L. pref. re- re- +
gurges, -itis, a gulf. Cf.
Regorge.] To throw or pour back, as from a
deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in great
quantity.
Re*gur"gi*tate, v. i. To be thrown or
poured back; to rush or surge back.
The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the
esophagus and mouth.
Quain.
Re*gur`gi*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82gurgitation.] 1.
The act of flowing or pouring back by the orifice of
entrance; specifically (Med.), the reversal
of the natural direction in which the current or contents flow
through a tube or cavity of the body.
Quain.
2. The act of swallowing again; reabsorption.
Re`ha*bil"i*tate (r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t), v.
t. [imp. & p. p.
Rehabilitated (-t?`t?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Rehabilitating.] [Pref.
re- re- + habilitate: cf. LL.
rehabilitare, F. r\'82habiliter.]
To invest or clothe again with some right, authority, or
dignity; to restore to a former capacity; to reinstate; to
qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, to a former right,
rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; -- a term of civil and
canon law.
Restoring and rehabilitating the party.
Burke.
Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. LL. rehabilitatio, F.
R\'82habilitation.] The act of
rehabilitating, or the state of being rehabilitated.
Bouvier. Walsh.
Re*hash" (r?*h?sh"), v. t. To
hash over again; to prepare or use again; as, to
rehash old arguments.
Re*hash", n.Something hashed over, or
made up from old materials.
Re*hear" (r?*h?r"), v. t. To
hear again; to try a second time; as, to rehear a
cause in Chancery.
Re*hears"al (r?*h?rs"a), n.
The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; repetition;
specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of
practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or
exercise.
Chaucer.
In rehearsal of our Lord's Prayer.
Hooker.
Here's marvelous convenient place for our
rehearsal.
Shak.
Dress rehearsal (Theater), a
private preparatory performance of a drama, opera, etc., in
costume.
Re*hearse" (r?*h?rs"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rehearsed
(-h?rst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rehearsing.] [OE. rehercen,
rehersen, OF. reherser,
rehercier, to harrow over again; pref. re-
re- + hercier to harrow, fr. herce a
harrow, F. herse. See Hearse.]
1. To repeat, as what has been already said; to
tell over again; to recite.
Chaucer.
When the words were heard which David spake, they
rehearsed them before Saul.
1 Sam. xvii. 31.
2. To narrate; to relate; to tell.
Rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord.
Judg. . v. 11.
3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment
and improvement, before a public representation; as, to
rehearse a tragedy.
4. To cause to rehearse; to instruct by
rehearsal. [R.]
He has been rehearsed by Madame Defarge as to his
having seen her.
Dickens.
Syn. -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe;
tell; relate; narrate.
Re*hearse", v. i. To recite or repeat
something for practice. \'bdThere will we
rehearse.\'b8
Shak.
Re*hears"er (-?r), n. One who
rehearses.
Re*heat" (r?*h?t"), v. t.
1. To heat again.
2. To revive; to cheer; to cherish.
[Obs.]
Rom. of R.
Re`hi*bi"tion (r?`h?*b?sh"?n), n.
[Pref. re- + L. habere to have.]
(Law) The returning of a thing purchased to the
seller, on the ground of defect or frand.
Re*hib"i*to*ry (r?*h?b"?*t?*r?), a.
(Law) Of or relating to rehibition; as, a
rehibitory action.
Re*hire" (r?*h?r"), v. t. To
hire again.
Re`hy*poth"e*cate (r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t), v.
t. (Law) To hypothecate again. --
Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion,
n.
Rei (r?), n.;pl.
Reis (ror r.
[Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real
a coin.] A portuguese money of account, in value about
one tenth of a cent. [Spelt also
ree.]
\'d8Reichs"rath` (r?ks"r?t), n.
[G] The parliament of Austria (exclusive of
Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of
an Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of
Representatives.
\'d8Reichs"stand` (r?ks"st?t`), n.
[G.] A free city of the former German
empire.
\'d8Reichs"tag` (r?ks"t?g`), n.
[G.] The Diet, or House of Representatives, of
the German empire, which is composed of members elected for a
term of three years by the direct vote of the people. See
Bundesrath.
Reif (r?f), n. [AS.
re.] Robbery; spoil.
[Obs.]
Rei"gle (r?"g'l), n. [F.
r\'8agle a rule, fr. L. regula. See
Rule.] A hollow cut or channel for quiding
anything; as, the reigle of a side post for a flood
gate.
Carew.
Rei"gle, v. t. To regulate; to
govern. [Obs.]
Rei"gle*ment (-ment), n.
[See Reglement.] Rule; regulation.
[Obs.]
Bacon. Jer. Taylor.
Reign (r?n), n. [OE.
regne, OF. reigne, regne, F.
r\'8agne, fr. L. regnum, fr.
rex, regis, a king, fr. regere
to guide, rule. See Regal, Regimen.]
1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty;
rule; dominion.
He who like a father held his reign.
Pope.
Saturn's sons received the threefold reign
Of heaven, of ocean,, and deep hell beneath.
Prior.
2. The territory or sphere which is reigned over;
kingdom; empire; realm; dominion. [Obs.]
Spenser.
[God] him bereft the regne that he had.
Chaucer.
3. The time during which a king, queen, or emperor
possesses the supreme authority; as, it happened in the
reign of Elizabeth.
<-- p. 1212 -->
Reign (r?n), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Reigned
(r?nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reigning.] [OE. regnen,
reinen, OF. regner, F.
r\'82gner, fr. L. regnare, fr. regnum. See
Reign, n.] 1. To possess
or exercise sovereign power or authority; to exercise government,
as a king or emperor;; to hold supreme power; to rule.
Chaucer.
We will not have this man to reign over us.
Luke xix. 14.
Shall Banquo's issue ever
Reign in this kingdom?
Shak.
2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail.
\'bdPestilent diseases which commonly reign in
summer.\'b8
Bacon.
3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to
rule.
Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal
body.
Rom. vi. 12.
Syn. -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail.
Reign"er (r?n"?r), n. One who
reigns. [R.]
Re`il*lume" (r?`?l*l?m"), v. t.
To light again; to cause to shine anew; to relume; to
reillumine. \'bdThou must reillume its
spark.\'b8
J. R. Drake.
Re`il*lu"mi*nate (-l?"m?*n?t), v. t.
To enlighten again; to reillumine.
Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
The act or process of enlightening again.
Re`il*lu"mine (-l?"m?n), v. t.
To illumine again or anew; to reillume.
Reim (r?m), n. [D.
riem, akin to G riemen; CF. Gr.
A strip of oxhide,
deprived of hair, and rendered pliable, -- used for twisting into
ropes, etc. [South Africa]
Simmonds.
Re`im*bark" (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. &
i. See Re.
Re`im*bod"y (-b?d"?), v. t. & i.
[See Re.] To imbody again.
Boyle.
Re`im*burs"a*ble (r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l),
a. [CF. F. remboursable.]
Capable of being repaid; repayable.
A loan has been made of two millions of dollars,
reimbursable in ten years.
A. Hamilton.
Re`im*burse" (-b?rs"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reimbursed
(-b?rst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reimbursing.] [Pref. re- +
imburse: cf. F. rembourser.] 1.
To replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what
has been taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to
restore; as, to reimburse the expenses of a
war.
2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent
to (a person); to pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive;
as, to reimburse one's self by successful
speculation.
Paley.
Re`im*burse"ment (-b?rs"ment),
n. [Cf. F. rembursement.]
The act reimbursing.
A. Hamilton.
Re`im*burs"er (-b?rs"?r), n.
One who reimburses.
Re`im*plant" (-pl?nt"), v. t.
To implant again.
Re`im*port" (-p?rt"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + import: cf. F.
remporter.] To import again; to import what
has been exported; to bring back.
Young.
Re*im`por*ta"tion (r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n),
n. The act of reimporting; also, that which is
reimported.
Re*im`por*tune" (-p?r*t?n"), v. t.
To importune again.
Re`im*pose" (r?`?m*p?z), v. t.
To impose anew.
Re`im*preg"nate (-pr?g"n?t), v. t.
To impregnate again or anew.
Sir T. Browne.
Re`im*press" (-pr?s"), v. t. To
impress anew.
Re`im*pres"sion (-pr?sh"?n), n.
A second or repeated impression; a reprint.
Re`im*print" (-pr?nt"), v. t.
To imprint again.
Re`im*pris"on (-pr?z'n), v. t.
To imprison again.
Re`im*pris"on*ment (-ment),
n. The act of reimprisoning, or the state of
being reimprisoned.
Rein (r?n), n. [F.
r, fr. (assumed) LL. retina, fr. L.
retinere to hold back. See Retain.]
1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb or
snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the
horse.
This knight laid hold upon his reyne.
Chaucer.
2. Hence, an instrument or means of curbing,
restraining, or governing; government; restraint. \'bdLet
their eyes rove without rein.\'b8
Milton.
To give rein, To give the rein
to, to give license to; to leave withouut
restrain. -- To take the reins, to take the
guidance or government; to assume control.
Rein, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reined (r?nd); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reining.] 1. To
govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse
one way or another.
He mounts and reins his horse.
Chapman.
2. To restrain; to control; to check.
Being once chafed, he can not
Be reined again to temperance.
Shak.
To rein in rein up,
to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by drawing the
reins.
Rein, v. i. To be guided by reins.
[R.]
Shak.
Re`in*au"gu*rate, v. t. To inaugurate
anew.
Re"in*cit" (-s?t"), v. t. To
incite again.
Re`in*cor"po*rate, v. t. To incorporate
again.
Re`in*crease" (-kr?s"), v. t.
To increase again.
Re`in*cur" (-k?r"), v. t. To
incur again.
Rein"deer` (r?n"d?r), n. [Icel.
hreinn reindeer + E. deer. Icel.
hreinn is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish
reino pasturage.] [Formerly written also
raindeer, and ranedeer.]
(Zool.) Any ruminant of the genus
Rangifer, of the Deer family, found in the colder
parts of both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having
long irregularly branched antlers, with the brow tines
palmate.
R. tarandus)
is domesticated in Lapland. The woodland reindeer or caribou
(R. caribou) is found in Canada and Maine (see
Caribou.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou (R.
Gr\'d2landicus), of smaller size, is found on the shores of
the Arctic Ocean, in both hemispheries.
Reindeer moss (Bot.), a gray
branching lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) which forms
extensive patches on the ground in arctic and even in north
temperature regions. It is the principal food of the Lapland
reindeer in winter. -- Reindeer period
(Geol.), a name sometimes given to a part of the
Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central
Europe.
Re`in*duce" (r?`?n*d?s"), v. t.
To induce again.
Rei*nette" (r?*n?t"), n. [F.
See 1st Rennet.] (Bot.) A name
given to many different kinds of apples, mostly of French
origin.
Re`in*fect" (r?`?n*f?kt), v. t.
[Pref. re- + infect: cf. F.
r\'82infecter.] To infect again.
Re`in*fec"tious (-f?k"sh?s),
a.Capable of reinfecting.
Re`in*force" (-f?rs"), v. t.
See Re\'89nforce, v. t.
Re`in*force", n. See
Re\'89nforce, n.
Re`in*force"ment (-ment),
n. See Re\'89nforcement.
Re`in*fund" (-f?nd"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + L. infundere to pour
in.] To flow in anew. [Obs.]
Swift.
Re`in*gra"ti*ate (-gr?"sh?*?t), v.
t. To ingratiate again or anew.
Sir. T. Herbert.
Re`in*hab"it (-h?b"?t), v. t.
To inhabit again.
Mede.
Rein"less (r?n"l?s), a. Not
having, or not governed by, reins; hence, not checked or
restrained.
Reins (r?nz), n. pl. [F.
rein, pl. reins, fr. L. ren, pl.
renes.] 1. The kidneys; also, the
region of the kidneys; the loins.
2. The inward impulses; the affections and
passions; -- so called because formerly supposed to have their
seat in the part of the body where the kidneys are.
My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right
things.
Prov. xxiii. 16.
I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.
Rev. ii. 23.
Reins of a vault (Arch.), the parts
between the crown andd the spring or abutment, including, and
having especial reference to, the loading or filling behind the
shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly what the
haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by thrusting
outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently filled
up.
Re`in*sert" (r?`?n*s?rt"), v. t.
To insert again.
Re`in*ser"tion (-s?r"sh?n), n.
The act of reinserting.
Re`in*spect" (-sp?kt"), v. t.
To inspect again.
Re`in*spec"tion (-sp?k"sh?n), n.
The act of reinspecting.
Re`in*spire" (-sp?r"), v. t. To
inspire anew.
Milton.
Re`in*spir"it (-sp`r"?t), v. t.
To give fresh spirit to.
Re`in*stall" (-st?l"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + install: cf. F.
r\'82installer.] To install again.
Milton.
Re`in*stall"ment (ment), n.
A renewed installment.
Re`in*state" (-st?t"), v. t. To
place again in possession, or in a former state; to restore to a
state from which one had been removed; to instate again; as,
to reinstate a king in the possession of the
kingdom.
For the just we have said already thet some of them were
reinstated in their pristine happiness and
felicity.
Glanvill.
Re`in*state"ment (-ment),
n. The act of reinstating; the state of being
reinstated; re
Re`in*sta"tion (-st?"sh?n), n.
Reinstatement. [R.]
Re`in*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t.
To instruct anew.
Re`in*sur"ance (-sh?r"ans),
n. 1. Insurance a second time or again;
renewed insurance.
2. A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly
or in part against the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody
else. See Reassurance.
Re`in*sure" (-sh?r"), v. t.
1. To insure again after a former insuranse has
ceased; to renew insurance on.
2. To insure, as life or property, in favor of one
who has taken an inssurance risk upon it.
The innsurer may cause the property insured to be
reinsured by other persons.
Walsh.
Re`in*sur"er (-sh?r"?r), n. One
who gives reinsurance.
Re*in"te*grate (r?*?n"t?*gr?t), v.
t. [Pref. re- + integrate. Cf.
Redintegrate.] To renew with regard to any
state or quality; to restore; to bring again together into a
whole, as the parts off anything; to reas, to
reintegrate a nation.
Bacon.
Re*in`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n.
A renewing, or making whole again. See
Redintegration.
Re`in*ter" (r?`?n*t?r"), v. t.
To inter again.
Re`in*ter"ro*gate (-t?r"r?*g?t), v.
t. To interrogate again; to question repeatedly.
Cotgrave.
Re`in*throne" (-thr?n"), v. t.
See Re\'89nthrone.
Re`in*thron"ize (-?z), v. t. To
enthrone again.[Obs.]
Re*in`tro*duce" (r?*?n`tr?*d?s"), v.
t. To introduce again. --
Re*in`tro*duc"tion (-d,
n.
Re`in*vest" (r?`?n*v?st"), v. t.
To invest again or anew.
Re`in*ves"ti*gate (-v?s"t?*g?t), v.
t. To investigate again. --
Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion (-g,
n.
Re`in*vest"ment (-v?st"ment),
n. The act of investing anew; a second or
repeated investment.
Re`in*vig"or*ate (-v?g"?r*?t), v. t.
To invigorate anew.
Re`in*volve" (-v?lv"), v. t. To
involve anew.
\'d8Re`is (r?"?s , n.
[Pg., pl. of real, an ancient Portuguese
coin.] The word is used as a Portuguese designation of
money of account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to
eleven cents.
Reis (r?s), n. [Ar.
ra head, chief, prince.] A common title
in the East for a person in authority, especially the captain of
a ship. [Written also rais and
ras.]
\'d8Reis` Ef*fen"di (r?s` ?f*f?n"d?). [See
2d Reis, and Effendi.] A title
formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state. He
was chancellor of the empire, etc.
Reiss"ner's mem"brane (r?s"n?rz m?m"br?n).
[Named from E. Reissner, A German
anatomist.] (Anat.) The thin membrane which
separates the canal of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in
the internal ear.
Re*is"su*a*ble (r?*?sh"?*?*b'l), a.
Capable of being reissued.
Re*is"sue (r?*?sh"?), v. t. & i.
To issue a second time.
Re*is"sue, n. A second or repeated
issue.
Reit (r?t), n. Sedge;
seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
\'d8Rei"ter (r?"t?r), n. [G.,
rider.] A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and
fifteenth centuries.
Re*it"er*aut (r?-?t"?r-ant),
a. [See Reiterate.]
Reiterating. [R.]
Mrs. Browning.
Re*it"er*ate (-, v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reiterated
(-; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reiterating.] [Pref. re- +
iterate: cf. F. r\'82it\'82rer, LL.
reiterare to question again.] To repeat
again and again; to say or do repeatedly; sometimes, to
repeat.
That with reiterated crimes he might
Heap on himself damnation.
Milton.
You never spoke what did become you less
Than this; which to reiterate were sin.
Shak.
Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse.
Re*it"er*ate (-?t), a.
Reiterated; repeated. [R.]
Re*it"er*a`ted*ly (-?`t?d-l?), adv.
Repeatedly.
Re*it`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82it\'82ration.] The act of
reiterating; that which is reiterated.
Re*it"er*a*tive (r?-?t"?r-?-t?v), n.
1. (Gram.) A word expressing repeated or
reiterated action.
2. A word formed from another, or used to form
another, by repetition; as, dillydally.
Reiv"er (r?v"?r), n. See
Reaver.
Ruskin.
Re*ject" (r?-j?kt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rejected; p.
pr. & vb. n. Rejecting.] [L.
rejectus, p. p. of reicere,
rejicere; pref. re- re- + jacere
to throw: cf. F. rejeter, formerly also spelt
rejecter. See Jet a shooting forth.]
1. To cast from one; to throw away; to
discard.
Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the Utopians have
rejected to their butchers.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Reject me not from among thy children.
Wisdom ix. 4.
2. To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to
decline haughtily or harshly; to repudiate.
That golden scepter which thou didst reject.
Milton.
Because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also
reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me.
Hog. iv. 6.
3. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a
prayer or request.
Syn. -- To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse;
decline.
Re*ject"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being, or that ought to be, rejected.
\'d8Re*jec`ta*men"ta (r?-j?k`t?-m?n"ta),
n.pl. [NL., fr. L. rejectare, v.
intens. fr. rejicere. See Reject.]
Things thrown out or away; especially, things excreted by a
living organism.
J. Fleming.
Re`jec*ta"ne*ous (r?`j?k-t?"n?-?s),
a. [L. rejectaneus.] Not
chosen orr received; rejected. [Obs.]
\'bdProfane, rejectaneous, and reprobate people.\'b8
Barrow.
Re*ject"er (r?-j?kt"?r), n. One
who rejects.
Re*jec"tion (r?-j?k"sh?n), n.
[L. rejectio: cf. F.
r\'82jection.] Act of rejecting, or state
of being rejected.
Re`jec*ti"tious (r?`j?k-t?sh"?s), a.
Implying or requiring rejection; rejectable.
Cudworth.
Re*ject"ive (r?-j?kt"?v), a.
Rejecting, or tending to reject.
Re*ject"ment (-ment), n.
Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown away.
Eaton.
Re*joice" (r?-jois"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Rejoced
(-joist"); p. pr. & vb. n. Rejoicing
(-joi"s?ng).] [OE.rejoissen,
OF. resjouir, resjoir, F.
r\'82jouir; pref. re- re- + OF,
esjouir, esjoir, F. ,
to rejoice; pref. es- (L. ex-) + OF.
jouir, joir, F. jouir, from L.
gaudere to rejoice. See Joy.] To
feel joy; to experience gladness in a high degree; to have
pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. \'bdO,
rejoice beyond a common joy.\'b8
Shak.
I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy.
Ps. xxxi. 7.
Syn. To delight; joy; exult; triumph.
Re*joice", v. t. 1. To
enjoy. [Obs.]
Bp. Peacock.
2. To give joi to; to make joyful; to
gladden.
I me rejoysed of my liberty.
Chaucer.
While she, great saint, rejoices heaven.
Prior.
Were he [Cain] alive, it would rejoice his soul to
see what mischief it had made.
Arbuthnot.
Syn. -- To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight.
Re*joice", n. The act of
rejoicing.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*joice"ment (-ment), n.
Rejoicing. [Obs.]
Re*joi"cer (r?-joi"s?r), n. One
who rejoices.
Re*joi"cing (-s?ng), n. 1.
Joy; gladness; delight.
We should particularly express our rejoicing by
love and charity to our neighbors.
R. Nelson.
2. The expression of joy or gladness.
The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the
tabernacles of the righteous.
Ps. cxviii. 15.
3. That which causes to rejoice; occasion of
joy.
Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they
are the rejoicing of my heart.
Ps. cxix. 111.
Re*joi"cing*ly, adv. With joi or
exultation.
Re*join" (r?-join"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rejoined
(-joind"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rejoining.] [F. rejoindre;
pref. re- re- + joindre to join. See
Join, and cf. Rejoinder.] 1.
To join again; to unite after separation.
2. To come, or go, again into the presence of; to
join the company of again.
Meet and rejoin me, in the pensive grot.
Pope.
3. To state in reply; -- followed by an object
clause.
Re*join", v. i. 1. To answer to
a reply.
2. (Law) To answer, as the defendant to
the plaintiff's replication.
Re*join"der (-d?r), n. [From F.
rejoindre, inf., to join again. See
Rejoin.] 1. An answer to a reply;
or, in general, an answer or reply.
2. (Law) The defendant's answer to the
plaintiff's replication.
Syn. -- Reply; ansswer; replication. See
Reply.
Re*join"der, v. i. To make a
rejoinder. [Archaic]
Re*join"dure (-d?r), n. Act of
joining again. [Obs.] \'bdBeguiles our lips of all
rejoindure\'b8 (i.e., kisses).
Shak.
Re*joint" (r, v. t.
1. To reunite the joints of; to joint anew.
Barrow.
2. Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the
joints of, as stones in buildings when the mortar has been
dislodged by age and the action of the weather.
Gwilt.
<-- p. 1213 -->
Re*jolt" (r?-j?lt"), n. A
reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil.
[R.]
These inward rejolts and recoilings of the
mind.
South.
Re*jolt", v. t. To jolt or shake
again.
Locke.
Re*journ" (r?-j?rn"), v. t.
[Cf. F. r\'82ajourner. See
Adjourn.] To adjourn; to put off.
[Obs.]
Shak.
Re*journ"ment (-ment), n.
Adjournment. [Obs.]
Re*judge" (r?-j?j"), v. t. To
judge again; to re
Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace.
Pope.
Re*ju"ve*nate (r?-j?"v?-n?t), v. t.
[Pref. re- re- + L. juventis young,
youthful.] To render young again.
Re*ju`ve*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n.
Rejuvenescence.
Re*ju`ve*nes"cence (-n?s"sens),
n. 1. A renewing of youth; the state of
being or growing young again.
2. (Bot.) A method of cell formation in
which the entire protoplasm of an old cell escapes by rupture of
the cell wall, and then develops a new cell wall. It is seen
sometimes in the formation of zo
Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy (-sen-s?),
n. Rejuvenescence.
Re*ju`ve*nes"cent (-sent),
a. Becoming, or causing to become, rejuvenated;
rejuvenating.
Re*ju`ve*nize (r?-j?"v?-n?z), v. t.
To rejuvenate.
Re*kin"dle (r?-k?n"d'l), v. t. & i.
To kindle again.
Rek"ne (r?k"ne), v. t.
To reckon. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*lade" (r?-l?d"), v. t. To
lade or load again.
Re*lad" (r?-l?d), imp. & p. p.
of Relay.
\'d8Re*lais" (re-l?"), n.
[F. See Relay, n.]
(Fort.) A narrow space between the foot of the
rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving to receive the earth
that may crumble off or be washed down, and prevent its falling
into the ditch.
Wilhelm.
Re*land" (r?-l?nd"), v. t. To
land again; to put on land, as that which had been shipped or
embarked.
Re*land", v. i. To go on shore after
having embarked; to land again.
Re*lapse" (r?-l?ps"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Relapsed
(-l?pst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relapsing.] [L.relapsus, p.
p. of relabi to slip back, to relapse; pref.
re- re- + labi to fall, slip, slide. See
Lapse.] 1. To slip or slide back, in
a literal sense; to turn back. [Obs.]
Dryden.
2. To slide or turn back into a former state or
practice; to fall back from some condition attained; -- generally
in a bad sense, as from a state of convalescence or amended
condition; as, to relaps into a stupor, into vice,
or into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good sense; as, to
relapse into slumber after being disturbed.
That task performed, [preachers] relapse into
themselves.
Cowper.
3. (Theol.) To fall from Christian faith
into paganism, heresy, or unbelief; to backslide.
They enter into the justified state, and so continue all
along, unless they relapse.
Waterland.
Re*lapse", n. [For sense 2 cf. F.
relaps. See Relapse, v.]
1. A sliding or falling back, especially into a
former bad state, either of body or morals; backsliding; the
state of having fallen back.
Alas! from what high hope to what relapse
Unlooked for are we fallen!
Milton.
2. One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into
error; a backlider; specifically, one who, after recanting error,
returns to it again. [Obs.]
Re*laps"er (-l?ps"?r), n. One
who relapses.
Bp. Hall.
Re*laps"ing, a. Marked by a relapse;
falling back; tending to return to a former worse state.
Relapsing fever (Med.), an acute,
epidemic, contagious fever, which prevails also endemically in
Ireland, Russia, and some other regions. It is marked by one or
two remissions of the fever, by articular and muscular pains, and
by the presence, during the paroxism of spiral bacterium
(Spiroch\'91te) in the blood. It is not usually fatal.
Called also famine fever, and
recurring fever.
Re*late" (r?-l?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Related; p. pr.
& vb. n. Relating.] [F.
relater to recount, LL. relatare, fr. L.
relatus, used as p. p. of referre. See
Elate, and cf. Refer.] 1.
To bring back; to restore. [Obs.]
Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again
Both light of heaven and strength of men relate.
Spenser.
2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source.
[Obs. or R.]
3. To recount; to narrate; to tell over.
This heavy act with heavy heart relate.
Shak.
4. To ally by connection or kindred.
To relate one's self, to vent thoughts in
words. [R.]
Syn. -- To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report;
detail; describe.
Re*late", v. i. 1. To stand in
some relation; to have bearing or concern; to pertain; to refer;
-- with to.
All negative or privative words relate positive
ideas.
Locke.
2. To make reference; to take account.
[R.& Obs.]
Reckoning by the years of their own consecration without
relating to any imperial account.
Fuller.
Re*lat"ed (-l?t"?d), p. p. & a.
1. Allied by kindred; connected by blood or
alliance, particularly by consanguinity; as, persons
related in the first or second degree.
2. Standing in relation or connection; as, the
electric and magnetic forcec are closely
related.
3. Narrated; told.
4. (Mus.) Same as Relative,
4.
Re*lat"ed*ness, n. The state or
condition of being related; relationship; affinity.
[R.]
Emerson.
Re*lat"er (-?r), n. One who
relates or narrates.
Re*la"tion (r?-l?"sh?n), n. [F.
relation, L. relatio. See
Relate.] 1. The act of relating or
telling; also, that which is related; recital; account;
narration; narrative; as, the relation of historical
events.
relation doth well figure
them.
Bacon.
2. The state of being related or of referring; what
is apprehended as appertaining to a being or quality, by
considering it in its bearing upon something else; relative
quality or condition; the being such and such with regard or
respect to some other thing; connection; as, the
relation of experience to knowledge; the
relation of master to servant.
Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between
two or more things, or any comparison which is made by the mind,
is a relation.
I. Taylor.
3. Reference; respect; regard.
I have been importuned to make some observations on this art
in relation to its agreement with poetry.
Dryden.
4. Connection by consanguinity or affinity;
kinship; relationship; as, the relation of parents
and children.
Relations dear, and all the charities
Of father, son, and brother, first were known.
Milton.
5. A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity;
a relative; a kinsman or kinswoman.
For me . . . my relation does not care a rush.
Ld. Lytton.
6. (Law) (a) The carrying back,
and giving effect or operation to, an act or proceeding frrom
some previous date or time, by a sort of fiction, as if it had
happened or begun at that time. In such case the act is said to
take effect by relation. (b) The
act of a relator at whose instance a suit is begun.
Wharton. Burrill.
Syn. -- Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative;
tale; detail; description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity;
affinity; kinsman; kinswoman.
Re*la"tion*al (r?-l?"sh?n-al),
a. 1. Having relation or kindred;
related.
We might be tempted to take these two nations for
relational stems.
Tooke.
2. Indicating or specifying some relation.
Relational words, as prepositions, auxiliaries,
etc.
R. Morris.
Re*la"tion*ist, n. A relative; a
relation. [Obs.]
Re*la"tion*ship, n. The state of being
related by kindred, affinity, or other alliance.
Mason.
Rel"a*tive (r?l"?-t?v), a. [F.
relatif, L. relativus. See
Relate.] 1. Having relation or
reference; referring; respecting; standing in connection;
pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the
subject.
I'll have grounds
More relative than this.
Shak.
2. Arising from relation; resulting from connection
with, or reference to, something else; not absolute.
Every thing sustains both an absolute and a
relative capacity: an absolute, as it is such a thing,
endued with such a nature; and a relative, as it is a
part of the universe, and so stands in such a relations to the
whole.
South.
3. (Gram.) Indicating or expressing
relation; refering to an antecedent; as, a relative
pronoun.
4. (Mus.) Characterizing or pertaining
to chords and keys, which, by reason of the identify of some of
their tones, admit of a natural transition from one to the
other.
Moore (Encyc. of Music).
Relative clause (Gram.), a clause
introduced by a relative pronoun. -- Relative
term, a term which implies relation to, as guardian to
ward, matter to servant, husband to wife. Cf.
Correlative.
Rel"a*tive, n. One who, or that which,
relates to, or is considered in its relation to, something else;
a relative object or term; one of two object or term; one of two
objects directly connected by any relation. Specifically:
(a) A person connected by blood or affinity;
strictly, one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or
kinswoman. \'bdConfining our care . . . to ourselves and
relatives.\'b8 Bp. Fell. (b)
(Gram.) A relative prnoun; a word which relates
to, or represents, another word or phrase, called its
antecedent; as, the relatives \'bd who\'b8,
\'bdwhich\'b8, \'bdthat\'b8.
Rel"a*tive*ly, adv. In a relative
manner; in relation or respect to something else; not
absolutely.
Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in
itself, before you consider it relatively.
I. Watts.
Rel"a*tive*ness, n The state of being
relative, or having relation; relativity.
Rel`a*tiv"i*ty (-t?v"?-t?), n.
The state of being relative; as, the relativity
of a subject.
Coleridge.
Re*lat"or (r?-l?t"?r), n. [ L.:
cf. F. relateur. See Relate.]
1. One who relates; a relater. \'bdThe
several relators of this history.\'b8
Fuller.
2. (Law) A private person at whose
relation, or in whose behalf, the attorney-general allows an
information in the nature of a quo warranto to be
filed.
Re*lat"rix (-r?ks), n.
[L.] (Law) A female relator.
Re*lax" (r?-l?ks"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relaxed
(-l?kst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relaxing.] [L. relaxare;
pref. re- re- + laxare to loose, to
slacken, from laxus loose. See Lax, and cf.
Relay, n., Release.]
1. To make lax or loose; to make less close, firm,
rigid, tense, or the like; to slacken; to loosen; to open;
as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax the
muscles or sinews.
Horror . . . all his joints relaxed.
Milton.
Nor served it to relax their serried files.
Milton.
2. To make less severe or rogorous; to abate the
stringency of; to remit in respect to strenuousness, esrnestness,
or effort; as, to relax discipline; to
relax one's attention or endeavors.
The stature of mortmain was at several times
relaxed by the legilature.
Swift.
3. Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to
ease; to recreate; to divert; as, amusement relaxes
the mind.
4. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to
open; as, an aperient relaxes the bowels.
Syn. -- To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate;
ease; unbend; divert.
Re*lax", v. i. 1. To become
lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp
relax.
His knees relax with toil.
Pope.
2. To abate in severity; to become less
rigorous.
In others she relaxed again,
And governed with a looser rein.
Prior.
3. To remit attention or effort; to become less
diligent; to unbend; as, to relax in
study.
Re*lax", n. Relaxation.
[Obs.]
Feltham.
Re**lax", a. Relaxed; lax; hence,
remiss; careless.
Re*lax"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relaxed.
Re*lax"ant (r?-l?ks"ant),
n. [L. relaxans, p. pr. of
relaxare.] (Med.) A medicine
that relaxes; a laxative.
Re`lax*a"tion (r?`l?ks-?"sh?n;277),
n. [L. relaxatio; cf. F.
relaxation.] 1. The act or process
of relaxing, or the state of being relaxed; as,
relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a
law.
2. Remission from attention and effort; indulgence
in recreation, diversion, or amusement. \'bdHours of
careless relaxation.\'b8
Macaulay.
Re*lax"a*tive (r?-l?ks"?-t?v), a.
Having the quality of relaxing; laxative. --
n. A relaxant.
B. Jonson.
Re*lay" (r?-l?"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relaid
(-l?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relaying.] [Pref re- + lay,
v.] To lay again; to lay a second time; as, to
relay a pavement.
Re*lay" (r?-l?"), n. [F.
relais (cf. OF. relais relaxation,
discontinuance, It. rilascio release, relief,
rilasso relay), fr. OF. relaissier to
abandon, release, fr. L. relaxare. See
Relax.] 1. A supply of anything
arranged beforehand for affording relief from time to time, or at
successive stages; provision for successive relief. Specifically:
(a) A supply of horses placced at stations to be in
readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed
without delay. (b) A supply of hunting dogs or horses
kept in readiness at certain places to relive the tired dogs or
horses, and to continnue the pursuit of the game if it comes that
way. (c) A number of men who relieve others in carrying
on some work.
2. (Elec.) In various forms of
telegrapfhic apparatus, a megnet which receives the circuit
current, and is caused by it to bring into into action the power
of a local battery for performing the work of making the record;
also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit is
made to open or close another circuit in which a current is
passing.
Relay battery (Elec.), the local
battery which is brought into use by the action of the relay
magnet, or relay.
Rel"bun (r?l"b?n), n. The roots
of the Chilian plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, -- used
for dyeing crimson.
Re*leas"a*ble (r?-l?s"?-b'l), a.
That may be released.
Re*lease" (r?-l?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re + lease to let.] To lease
again; to grant a new lease of; to let back.
Re*lease" (r?-l?s"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Released
(r?*l?st"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Releasing.] [OE. relessen,
OF. relassier, to release, to let free. See
Relay, n., Relax, and cf.
Release to lease again.] 1. To let
loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or
servitude; to give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let
go.
Now at that feast he released unto them one
prisoner, whomsoever they desired.
Mark xv. 6.
2. To relieve from something that confines,
burdens, or oppresses, as from pain, trouble, obligation,
penalty.
3. (Law) To let go, as a legal claim; to
discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by
conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession,
as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant
in possession; to quit.
4. To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation
of; as, to release an ordinance.
[Obs.]
Hooker.
A sacred vow that none should aye
Spenser.
Syn. -- To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage;
extracate; let go; quit; acquit.
Re*lease", n. 1. The act of
letting loose or freeing, or the state of being let loose or
freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any kind, as
from confinement or bondage. \'bdWho boast'st
release from hell.\'b8
Milton.
2. Relief from care, pain, or any burden.
3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as
from debt, penalty, or claim of any kind; acquittance.
4. (Law) A giving up or relinquishment
of some right or claim; a conveyance of a man's right in lands or
tenements to another who has some estate in possession; a
quitclaim.
Blackstone.
5. (Steam Engine) The act of opening the
exhaust port to allow the steam to escape.
Lease and release. (Law) See under
Lease. -- Out of release, without
cessation. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Syn. -- Liberation; freedom; discharge. See
Death.
Re*leas`ee" (-?"), n. One to
whom a release is given.
Re*lease"ment (r?-l?s"ment),
n. The act of releasing, as from confinement or
obligation.
Milton.
Re*leas"er (-?r), n. One who
releases, or sets free.
Re*leas"or (-?r), n. One by
whom a release is given.
Rel"e*gate (r?l"?-g?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relegated
(-g?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relegating.] [L. relegatus,
p. p. of relegare; pref. re- re- +
legare to send with a commission or charge. See
Legate.] To remove, usually to an inferior
position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, to send into
exile; to banish.
It [the Latin language] was relegated into the
study of the scholar.
Milman.
Rel`e*ga"tion (-g?"sh?n), n.
[L. relegatio: cf. F.
rel.] The act of relegating, or
the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; exile.
Re*lent" (r?-l?nt"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Relented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Relenting.] [F.
ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re- +
ad to + lentus pliant, flexible, slow. See
Lithe.] 1. To become less rigid or
hard; to yield; to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce.
[Obs.]
He stirred the coals till relente gan
The wax again the fire.
Chaucer.
[Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin to
relent.
Boyle.
When opening buds salute the welcome day,
And earth, relenting, feels the genial ray.
Pope.
2. To become less severe or intense; to become less
hard, harsh, cruel, or the like; to soften in temper; to become
more mild and tender; to feel compassion.
Can you . . . behold
My sighs and tears, and will not once relent?
Shak.
Re*lent", v. t. 1. To slacken;
to abate. [Obs.]
And oftentimes he would relent his pace.
Spenser.
2. To soften; to dissolve.
[Obs.]
3. To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or
severe. [Obs.]
<-- p. 1214 -->
Re*lent" (r?-l?nt"), n. Stay;
stop; delay. [Obs.]
Nor rested till she came without relent
Unto the land of Amazona.
Spenser.
Re*lent"less, a. Unmoved by appeals for
sympathy or forgiveness; insensible to the distresses of others;
destitute of tenderness; unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying;
as, a prey to relentless despotism.
For this the avenging power employs his darts,..
Thus will persist, relentless in his ire.
Dryden.
-- Re*lent"less*ly, adv. --
Re*lent"less*ness, n.
Re*lent"ment (-ment), n.
The act or process of retenting; the state of having
relented.
Sir T. Browne.
Re*lesse" (r?-l?s"), v. t. To
release. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re`les*see" (r?`l?s-s?"), n.
See Releasee.
Re`les*sor" (-s?r"), n. See
Releasor.
Re-let" (r?-l?t"), v. t. To let
anew, as a hous.
{ Rel"e*vance (r?l"?*vans),
Rel"e*van*cy (-van*s?), }
n. 1. The quality or state of being
relevant; pertinency; applicability.
Its answer little meaning, little relevancy
bore.
Poe.
2. (Scots Law) Sufficiency to infer the
conclusion.
Rel"e*vant (-vant), a.
[F. relevant, p. pr. of relever to
raise again, to relieve. See Relieve.] 1.
Relieving; lending aid or support. [R.]
Pownall.
2. Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case
in hand; pertinent; applicable.
Close and relevant arguments have very little hold
on the passions.
Sydney Smith.
3. (SScots Law) Sufficient to support
the cause.
Rel"e*vant*ly, adv. In a relevant
manner.
Rel`e*va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n.
[L. relevatio, fr. relevare. See
Relieve.] A raising or lifting up.
[Obs.]
Re*li`a*bil"i*ty (r?-l?`?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The state or quality of being reliable;
reliableness.
Re*li"a*ble (r?-l?"?-b'l), a.
Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependance or
reliance; trustworthy. \'bdA reliable witness to
the truth of the miracles.\'b8
A. Norton.
The best means, and most reliable pledge, of a
higher object.
Coleridge.
According to General Livingston's humorous account, his own
village of Elizabethtown was not much more reliable,
being peopled in those agitated times by \'bdunknown,
unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking Tories, and very knavish
Whigs.\'b8
W. Irving.
to be
relied upon, and a useful synonym for
trustworthy, which is by preference applied to
persons, as reliable is to things, such as an account,
statement, or the like. The objection that adjectives derived
from neuter verbs do not admit of a passive sense is met by the
citation of laughable, worthy of being laughed
at, from the neuter verb to laugh;
available, fit or able to be availed of,
from the neuter verb to avail; dispensable,
capable of being dispensed with, from the neuter verb
to dispense. Other examples might be added.
-- Re*li"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*li"a*bly, adv.
Re*li"ance (-ans), n.
[From Rely.] 1. The act of
relying, or the condition or quality of being reliant;
dependence; confidence; trust; repose of mind upon what is deemed
sufficient support or authority.
In reliance on promises which proved to be of very
little value.
Macaulay.
2. Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of
trust; as, the boat was a poor reliance.
Richardson.
Re*li"ant (-ant), a.
Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident;
trusting.
Rel"ic (r?l"?k), n. [F.
relique, from L. reliquiae, pl., akin to
relinquere to leave behind. See
Relinquish.] [Formerly written also
relique.] 1. That which remains;
that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion; a
remnant.
Chaucer. Wyclif.
The relics of lost innocence.
Kebe.
The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy
relics.
Shak.
2. The body from which the soul has departed; a
corpse; especially, the body, or some part of the body, of a
deceased saint or martyr; -- usually in the plural when referring
to the whole body.
There are very few treasuries of relics in Italy
that have not a tooth or a bone of this saint.
Addison.
Thy relics, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust,
And sacred place by Dryden's awful dust.
Pope.
3. Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in
remembrance; as, relics of youthful days or
friendships.
The pearis were split;
Some lost, some stolen, some as relics kept.
Tennyson.
Rel"ic*ly, adv. In the manner of
relics. [Obs.]
Rel"ict (-?kt), n. [L.
relicta, fr. of relictus, p. p. of
relinquere to leave behind. See
Relinquish.] A woman whose husband is dead; a
widow.
Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obbliged by law to marry
his relict, and so to raise up seed to his brother
Eli.
South.
Re*lict"ed (r?-l?kt"?d), a. [L.
relictus, p. p.] (Law) Left
uncovered, as land by recession of water.
Bouvier.
Re*lic"tion (r?-l?k"sh?n), n.
[L. relictio a leaving behind.]
(Law) A leaving dry; a recession of the sea or
other water, leaving dry land; land left uncovered by such
recession.
Burrill.
Re*lief" (r?-l?f"), n. [OE.
relef, F. relief, properly, a lifting up, a
standing out. See Relieve, and cf. Basrelief,
Rilievi.] 1. The act of relieving,
or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial removal,
of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which
some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease;
redress.
He seec the dire contagion spread so fast,
That, where it seizes, all relief is vain.
Dryden.
2. Release from a post, or from the performance of
duty, by the intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay;
as, a relief of a sentry.
For this relief much thanks; ;tis bitter cold.
Shak.
3. That which removes or lessenc evil, pain,
discomfort, uneasiness, etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or
comfort; also, the person who relieves from performance of duty
by taking the place of another; a relay.
4. (Feudal Law) A fine or composition
which the heir of a deceased tenant paid to the lord for the
privilege of taking up the estate, which, on strict feudal
principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the
tenant.
5. (Sculp. & Arch.) The projection of a
figure above the ground or plane on wwhich it is formed.
Relief is of three kinds, namely,
high relief (altorilievo),
low relief, (basso-rilievo), and
demirelief (mezzo-rilievo). See
these terms in the Vocabulary.
6. (Paint.) The appearance of projection
given by shading, shadow, etc., to any figure.
7. (Fort.) The height to which works are
raised above the bottom of the ditch.
Wilhelm.
8. (Physical Geog.) The elevations and
surface undulations of a country.
Guyot.
Relief valve, a valve arranged for relieving
pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; an escape valve.
Syn. -- Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor;
assistance; remedy; redress; indemnification.
Re*lief"ful (r?-l?f"f?l), a.
Giving relief. [Obs.]
Re*lief"less, a. Destitute of relief;
also, remediless.
Re*li"er (r?-l?"?r), n. [From
Rely.] One who relies.
Re*liev"a*ble (r?-l?v"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relieved; fitted to recieve relief.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*lieve" (r?-l?v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relieved
(-l?vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relieving.] [OE. releven, F.
relever to raise again, discharge, relieve, fr. L.
relevare to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref.
re- re- + levare to raise, fr.
levis light. See Levity, and cf.
Relevant, Relief.] 1. To
lift up; to raise again, as one who has fallen; to cause to
rise. [Obs.]
Piers Plowman.
2. To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to
give prominence or conspicuousness to; to
Her tall figure relieved against the blue sky;
seemed almost of supernatural height.
Sir W. Scott.
3. To raise up something in; to introduce a
contrast or variety into; to remove the monotony or sameness
of.
The poet must . . . sometimes relieve the subject
with a moral reflection.
Addison.
4. To raise or remove, as anything which depresses,
weighs down, or cruches; to render less burdensome or afflicting;
to allevate; to-abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to
relieve pain; to relieve the wants of the
poor.
5. To free, wholly or partly, from any burden,
trial, evil, distress, or the like; to give ease, comfort, or
consolation to; to give aid, help, or succor to; to support,
strengthen, or deliver; as, to relieve a besieged
town.
Now lend assistance and relieve the poor.
Dryden.
6. To release from a post, station, or duty; to put
another in place of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of
any burden, or discharge of any duty.
Who hath relieved you?
Shak.
7. To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or
oppression, by judicial or legislative interposition, as by the
removal of a grievance, by indemnification for losses, or the
like; to right.
Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help;
support; substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish; remove;
free; remedy; redress; indemnify.
Re*liev"ment (-ment), n.
The act of relieving, or the state of being relieved;
relief; release. [Archaic.]
Re*liev"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, relieves.
Re*liev"ing, a. Serving or tending to
relieve.
Relieving arch (Arch.), a
discharging arch. See under Discharge, v.
t. -- Relieving tackle. (Naut.)
(a) A temporary tackle attached to the tiller of a
vessel during gales or an action, in case of accident to the
tiller ropes. (b) A strong tackle from a wharf
to a careened vessel, to prevent her from going over entirely,
and to assist in righting her.
Totten. Craig.
Re*lie"vo (r?-l?"v?), n. [It.
rilievo.] See Relief,
n., 5.
Re*light" (r?-l?t"), v. t. To
light or kindle anew.
{ \'d8Re*li`gi`euse"
(re-l?`zh?`?z"), n. f.
\'d8Re*li`gi`eux" (re-l?`zh?`?"),
n. m. }[F.] A person bound by
monastic vows; a nun; a monk.
Re*li"gion (r?-l?j"?n), n. [F.,
from L. religio; cf. religens pious,
revering the gods, Gr. Neglect.] 1. The outward act or form
by which men indicate their recognition of the existence of a god
or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom obedience,
service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of human
love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power,
whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and
ceremonies, or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and
worship; a manifestation of piety; as, ethical
religions; monotheistic religions; natural
religion; revealed religion; the
religion of the Jews; the religion of idol
worshipers.
An orderly life so far as others are able to observe us is now
and then produced by prudential motives or by dint of habit; but
without seriousness there can be no religious principle at the
bottom, no course of conduct from religious motives; in a word,
there can be no religion.
Paley.
Religion [was] not, as too often now, used as
equivalent for godliness; but . . . it expressed the outer form
and embodiment which the inward spirit of a true or a false
devotion assumed.
Trench.
Religions, by which are meant the modes of sdivine worship
proper to different tribes, nations, or communities, and based on
the belief held in common by the members of them severally . . .
There is no living religion without something like a
doctrine. On the other hand, a doctrine, however elaborate, does
not constitute a religion.
C. P. Tiele (Encyc. Brit. ).
Religion . . . means the conscious relation between
man and God, and the expression of that relation in human
conduct.
J. K\'94stlin (Schaff-Herzog Encyc. )
After the most straitest sect of our religion I
lived a Pharisce.
Acts xxvi. 5.
The image of a brute, adorned
With gay religions full of pomp and gold.
Milton.
2. Specifically, conformity in faith and life to
the precepts inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of
life and duty toward God and man; the Christian faith and
practice.
Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can
be maintained without religion.
Washington.
Religion will attend you . . . as pleasant and
useful companion in every proper place, and every temperate
occupation of life.
Buckminster.
3. (R.C.CH.) A monastic or religious
order subject to a regulated mode of life; the religious state;
as, to enter religion.
Trench.
A good man was there of religion.
Chaucer.
4. Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any
practice, as if it were an enjoined rule of conduct.
[R.]
Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might perhaps
be material, but at this time are become only mere styles and
forms, are still continued with much religion.
Sir M. Hale.
Religion, as distinguished from
theology, is subjective, designating the feelings and
acts of men which relate to God; while theology is
objective, and denotes those ideas which man entertains
respecting the God whom he worships, especially his systematized
views of God. As distinguished from morality,
religion denotes the influences and motives to human
duty which are found in the character and will of God, while
morality describes the duties to man, to which true
religion always influences. As distinguished from
piety, religion is a high sense of moral
obligation and spirit of reverence or worship which affect the
heart of man with respect to the Deity, while piety,
which first expressed the feelings of a child toward a parent, is
used for that filial sentiment of veneration and love which we
owe to the Father of all. As distinguished from
sanciti, religion is the means by which
sanctity is achieved, sanctity denoting
primarily that purity of heart and life which results from
habitual communion with God, and a sense of his continual
presence.
Natural religion, a religion based upon the
evidences of a God and his qualities, which is supplied by
natural phenomena. See Natural theology, under
Natural. -- Religion of humanity, a
name sometimes given to a religion founded upon positivism as a
philosophical basis. -- Revealed religion,
that which is based upon direct communication of God's will
to mankind; especially, the Christian religion, based on the
revelations recorded in the Old and New Testaments.
Re*li"gion*a*ry (r?-l?j"?n-?-r?), a.
Relating to religion; pious; as, religionary
professions. [Obs.]
{ Re*li"gion*a*ry, Re*li"gion*er
(-?r), } n. A religionist.
[R.]
Re*li"gion*ism (-?z'm), n.
1. The practice of, or devotion to, religion.
2. Affectation or pretense of religion.
Re*li"gion*ist, n. One earnestly devoted
or attached to a religion; a religious zealot.
The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the Puritan
religionists.
Palfrey.
It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other heterodoreligionists, was to be scourged out of the town.
Hawthorne.
Re*li"gion*ize (-?z), v. t. To
bring under the influence of religion. [R.]
Mallock.
Re*li"gion*less, a. Destitute of
religion.
Re*lig`i*os"i*ty (-l?j`?-?s"?-t?),
n. [L. religiositas: cf. F.
religiosit.] The quality of being
religious; religious feeling or sentiment; religiousness.
[R.]
M. Arnold.
Re*li"gious (r?-l?j"?s), a.
[OF. religius, religious, F.
religieux, from L. religiosus. See
Religion.] 1. Of or pertaining to
religion; concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth,
religion; set apart to religion; as, a religious
society; a religious sect; a religious place;
religious subjects, books, teachers, houses,
wars.
Our law forbids at their religious rites
My presence.
Milton.
2. Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious;
godly; as, a religious man, life, behavior,
etc.
Men whose lives
Religious titled them the sons of God.
Mlton
3. Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict.
Thus, Indianlike,
Religious in my error, I adore
The sun, that looks upon his worshiper.
Shak.
4. Belonging to a religious order; bound by
vows.
One of them is religious.
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional;
conscientious; strict; rogod; exact.
Re*li"gious, n. A person bound by
monastic vows, or sequestered from secular concern, and devoted
to a life of piety and religion; a monk or friar; a nun.
Addison.
Re*li"gious*ly, adv. In a religious
manner.
Drayton.
Re*li"gious*ness, n. The quality of
being religious.
Rel"ik (r?l"?k), n.
Relic. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*lin"quent (r?-l?n"kwent),
a. [L. relinquens, p. pr. of
relinqquere. See Relinquish.]
Relinquishing. [R.]
Re*lin"quent, n. One who
relinquishes. [R.]
Re*lin"quish (-kw?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relinquished
(-kw?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relinquishing.] [OF.
relinquir, L. relinquere to leave behind;
pref. re- re + linquere to leave. See
Loan, and cf. Relic, Relict.]
1. To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist
from; to abandon; to quit; as, to relinquish a
pursuit.
We ought to relinquish such rites.
Hooker.
They placed Irish tenants upon the lands
relinquished by the English.
Sir J. Davies.
2. To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign;
as, to relinquish a debt.
Syn. -- To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert;
renounce; forbResign.
Re*lin"quish*er (-r?r), n. One
who relinquishes.
Re*lin"quish*ment (-ment),
n. The act of relinquishing.
Rel"i*qua*ry (r?l"?-kw?-r?), n.;
pl. -ries (-r.
[LL.reliquiarium, reliquiare: cf. F.
reliquaire. See Relic.] A
depositary, often a small box or casket, in which relics are
kept.
Re*lique" (r?-l?k"), n.
[F.] See Relic.
Chaucer.
\'d8Re*liq"ui*\'91/ (r?-l?k"w?-?),
n.pl. [L. See Relic.]
1. Remains of the dead; organic remains;
relics.
2. (Bot.) Same as
Induvi\'91.
<-- p. 1215 -->
Re*liq"ui*an (r?-l?k"w?-an),
a. Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; of the
nature of a relic. [R.]
Re*liq"ui*date (r?-l?k"w?-d?t), v.
t. To liquidate anew; to adjust a second time.
Re*liq`ui*da"tion (-d\'b5"sh?n), n.
A second or renewed liquidation; a renewed adjustment.
A. Hamilton.
Rel"ish (r?l"?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relished
(-; p. pr. & vb. n.
Relishing.] [Of. relechier
to lick or taste anew; pref. re- re-+
lechier to lick, F. l. See
Lecher, Lick.] 1. To taste
or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with
gratification; hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified
by; to experience pleasure from; as, to relish
food.
Now I begin to relish thy advice.
Shak.
He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish
the honors which he enjoys.
Atterbury.
2. To give a relish to; to cause to taste
agreeably.
A savory bit that served to relish wine.
Dryden.
Rel"ish, v. i. To have a pleasing or
appetizing taste; to give gratification; to have a flavor.
Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have
relished among my other discredits.
Shak.
A theory, which, how much soever it may relish of
wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature.
Woodward.
Rel"ish, n. 1. A pleasing
taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; hence, enjoyable
quality; power of pleasing.
Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained
From this delightful fruit, nor known till now
True relish, tasting.
Milton.
When liberty is gone,
Life grows insipid, and has lost its relish.
Addison.
2. Savor; quality; characteristic tinge.
It preserve some relish of old writing.
Pope.
3. A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness.
A relish for whatever was excelent in arts.
Macaulay.
I have a relish for moderate praise, because it
bids fair to be j
Cowper.
4. That which is used to impart a flavor;
specifically, something taken with food to render it more
palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a condiment.
Syn. -- Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking;
delight.
Rel"ish, n. (Carp.) The
projection or shoulder at the side of, or around, a tenon, on a
tenoned piece.
Knight.
Rel"ish*a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being relished; agreeable to the taste;
gratifying.
Re*live" (r?-l?v"), v. i. To
live again; to revive.
Re*live", v. t. To recall to life; to
revive. [Obs.]
Re*load" (r?-l?d"), v. t. To
load again, as a gun.
Re*loan" (r?-l?n"), n. A second
lending of the same thing; a renewal of a loan.
Re*lo"cate (r?-l?"k?t), v. t.
To locate again.
Re`lo*ca"tion (r?`l\'b5-k?"sh?n), n.
1. A second location.
2. (Roman & Scots Law) Renewal of a
lease.
Re*lodge" (r?-l?j"), v. t. To
lodge again.
Re*love" (-l?v"), v. t. To love
in return. [Obs.]
Boyle.
Re*lu"cent (r?-l?"sent), a.
[L. relucens, p. pr. relucere. See
Lucent.] Reflecting light; shining;
glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; splendid.
Gorgeous banners to the sun expand
Their streaming volumes of relucent gold.
Glover.
Re*luct" (r?-l?kt"), v. i. [L.
reluctari, p. p. reluctatus, to struggle;
pref. re- re- + luctari to struggle, fr.
lucia a wresting.] To strive or struggle
against anything; to make resistance; to draw back; to feel or
show repugnance or reluctance.
Apt to reluct at the excesses of it [passion].
Walton.
{ Re*luc"tance (r?-l?k"tans),
Re*luc"tan*cy (-tan-s?), }
n. [See Reluctant.] The state
or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; aversion of mind;
unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or by
to and a noun, formerly sometimes by
against. \'bdTempering the severity of his looks
with a reluctance to the action.\'b8
Dryden.
He had some reluctance to obey the summons.
Sir W. Scott.
Bear witness, Heaven, with what reluctancy
Her helpless innocence I doom to die.
Dryden.
Syn. See Dislike.
Re*luc"tant (-tant), a.
[L. reluctans, -antis, p. pr. of
reluctari. See Reluct.] 1.
Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; disinclined;
loth.
Reluctant, but in vain.
Milton.
Reluctant now I touched the trembling string.
Tickell.
2. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with
reluctance; as, reluctant obedience.
Mitford.
Syn. -- Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant;
backward; coy. See Averse.
Re*luc"tant*ly, adv. In a reluctant
manner.
Re*luc"tate (-t?t), v. i. [See
Reluct.] To struggle against anything; to
resist; to oppose. [Obs.] \'bdTo delude their
reluctating consciences.\'b8
Dr. H. More.
Rel`uc*ta"tion (r?l`?k-t?"sh?n), n.
Repugnance; resistance; reluctance.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Re*lume" (r?-l?m"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relumed
(-l?md"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reluming.] [OF. relumer (cf.
F. rallumer), L. reluminare; pref.
re- re- + luminare to light. Cf.
Reillume.] To rekindle; to light again.
Relumed her ancient light, not kindled new.
Pope.
I know not where is that Promethean heat
That can thy light relume.
Shak.
Re*lu"mine (r?-l?"m?n), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Relumined
(-m?nd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relumining.] [See
Relume.] 1. To light anew; to
rekindle.
Shak.
2. To illuminate again.
Re*ly" (r?-l?"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Relied
(-l?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Relying.] [Pref. re- + lie
to rest.] To rest with confidence, as when fully
satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or
of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to
trust; to depend; -- with on, formerly also with
in.
Go in thy native innocence; rely
On what thou hast of virtue.
Milton.
On some fond breast the parting soul relies.
Gray.
Syn. -- To trust; depend; confide; repose.
Re*made" (r?-m?d"), imp. & p.
p. of Remake.
Re*main" (r?-m?n"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Remained
(-m?nd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remaining.] [OF. remaindre,
remanoir, L. remanere; pref.
re- re- + manere to stay, remain. See
Mansion, and cf. Remainder,
Remnant.]
1. To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left
after others have been removed or destroyed; to be left after a
number or quantity has been subtracted or cut off; to be left as
not included or comprised.
Gather up the fragments that remain.
John vi. 12.
Of whom the greater part remain unto this present,
but some are fallen asleep.
1 Cor. xv. 6.
That . . . remains to be proved.
Locke.
2. To continue unchanged in place, form, or
condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to
endure; to last.
Remain a widow at thy father's house.
Gen. xxxviii. 11.
Childless thou art; childless remain.
Milton.
Syn. -- To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn;
dwell; abide; last; endure.
Re*main", v. t. To await; to be left
to. [Archaic]
The easier conquest now remains thee.
Milton.
Re*main"m n. 1. State of
remaining; stay. [Obs.]
Which often, since my here remain in England,
I 've seen him do.
Shak.
2. That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly
in the plural. \'bdThe remains of old Rome.\'b8
Addison.
When this remain of horror has entirely
subsided.
Burke.
3. Specif., in the plural: (a) That which
is left of a human being after the life is gone; relics; a dead
body.
Old warriors whose adored remains
In weeping vaults her hallowed earth contains!
Pope.
(b) The posthumous works or productions, esp.
literary works, of one who is dead; as, Cecil's
Remains.
Re*main"der (r?-m?n"d?r), n.
[OF. remaindre, inf. See Remain.]
1. Anything that remains, or is left, after the
separation and removal of a part; residue; remnant. \'bdThe
last remainders of unhappy Troy.\'b8
Dryden.
If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off
clear, the remainder yields no salt.
Arbuthnot.
2. (Math.) The quantity or sum that is
left after subtraction, or after any deduction.
3. (Law) An estate in expectancy,
generally in land, which becomes an estate in possession upon the
determination of a particular prior estate, created at the same
time, and by the same instrument; for example, if land be
conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's life interest
is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a
remainder, or estate in remainder.
Syn. -- Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings.
Re*main"der, a. Remaining; left; left
over; refuse.
Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit
After a voyage.
Shak.
Re*main"der-man (- m, n.;
pl. Remainder-men (-m.
(Law) One who has an estate after a particular
estate is determined. See Remainder, n.,
3.
Blackstone.
Re*make" (r?-m?k"), v. t. To
make anew.
Re*mand" (r?-m?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remanded; p.
pr. & vb. n. Remanding.] [F.
remander to send word again, L. remandare;
pref. re- re- + mandare to commit, order,
send word. See Mandate.] To recommit; to send
back.
Remand it to its former place.
South.
Then were they remanded to the cage again.
Bunyan.
Re*mand", n. The act of remanding; the
order for recommitment.
Re*mand"ment (-ment), n.
A remand.
{ Rem"a*nence (r?m"?*nens)
Rem"a*nen*cy (-nen*s?), }
n. [Cf. OF. remanence, LL.
remanentia, fr. L. remanens. See
Remanent, a.] The state of being
remanent; continuance; permanence. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
The remanence of the will in the fallen spirit.
Coleridge.
Rem"a*nent (-nent), n.
[See Remanent, a.] That which
remains; a remnant; a residue.
Rem"a*nent, a. [L. remanens,
p. pr. of remanere. See Remain, and cf.
Remnant.] Remaining; residual.
That little hope that is remanent hath its degree
according to the infancy or growth of the habit.
Jer. Taylor.
Remanent magnetism (Physics),
magnetism which remains in a body that has little coercive
force after the magnetizing force is withdrawn, as soft iron; --
called also residual magnetism.
\'d8Rem"a*net (-n?t), n. [L.,
it remains.] (Legal Practice) A case for
trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed
case. [Eng.]
Re-mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + mark.] To mark
again, or a second time; to mark anew.
Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remarked
(-m?rkt"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remarking.] [F. remarquer;
pref. re- re- + marquer to mark,
marque a mark, of German origin, akin to E.
mark. See Mark, v.&
n.] 1. To mark in a notable
manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable or
conspicuous; to piont out. [Obs.]
Thou art a man remarked to taste a mischief.
Ford.
His manacles remark him; there he sits.
Milton.
2. To take notice of, or to observe, mentally;
as, to remark the manner of a speaker.
3. To express in words or writing, as observed or
noticed; to state; to say; -- often with a substantive clause;
as, he remarked that it was time to go.
Syn. -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say.
-- Remark, Observe, Notice. To
observe is to keep or hold a thing distinctly before
the mind. To remark is simply to mark or take note of
whatever may come up. To notice implies still less
continuity of attention. When we turn from these mental states to
the expression of them in language, we find the same
distinction. An observation is properly the result of
somewhat prolonged thought; a remark is usually
suggested by some passing occurence; a notice is in
most cases something cursory and short. This distinction is not
always maintained as to remark and observe,
which are often used interchangeably. \'bdObserving
men may form many judgments by the rules of similitude and
proportion.\'b8 I. Watts. \'b8He can not distinguish
difficult and noble speculations from trifling and vulgar
remarks.\'b8 Collier. \'b8The thing to be
regarded, in taking notice of a child's miscarriage,
is what root it springs from.\'b8 Locke.
Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. i. To
make a remark or remarks; to comment.
Re*mark", n. [Cf. F.
remarque.] 1. Act of remarking or
attentively noticing; notice or observation.
The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude
Conjecture and remark, however shrewd.
Cowper.
2. The expression, in speech or writing, of
something remarked or noticed; the mention of that which is
worthy of attention or notice; hence, also, a casual observation,
comment, or statement; as, a pertinent
remark.
Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation.
Re*mark"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. [F.
remarquable.] Worthy of being remarked or
noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon;
extraordinary.
'T is remarkable, that they
Talk most who have the least to say.
Prior.
There is nothing left remarlable
Beneath the visiting moon.
Shak.
Syn. -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual;
rare; strange; wonderful; notable; eminent.
-- Re*mark"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*mark"a*bly, adv.
Re*mark"er (-?r), n. One who
remarks.
Re*mar"riage (r?-m?r"r?j), n. A
second or repeated marriage.
Re*mar"ry (r?-m?r"rr?), v. t. & i.
To marry again.
Re*mast" (r?-m?st"), v. t. To
furnish with a new mast or set of masts.
Re*mas"ti*cate (r?-m?s"t?-k?t), v.
t. To chew or masticate again; to chew over and over,
as the cud.
Re*mas`ti*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n.
The act of masticating or chewing again or repeatedly.
Rem"berge (r?m"b?rj), n. See
Ramberge.
\'d8Rem`blai" (r?n`bl?"), n.
[F., fr. remblayer to fill up an excavation, to
embank.] (Fort. & Engin.) Earth or
materials made into a bank after having been excavated.
Rem"ble (r, v. t. [Cf.
OF. embler to steal, fr. L. involare to fly
into or at, to carry off.] To remove.
[Prov.Eng.]
Grose. Tennyson.
Reme (r, n. Realm.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*mean" (r, v. t.
To give meaning to; to explain the meaning of; to
interpret. [Obs.]
Wyclif.
Re"me*ant (rant),
a. [L. remeans, -antis, p.
pr. of remeare to go or come back.] Coming
back; returning. [R.] \'bdLike the
remeant sun.\'b8
C. Kingsley.
Re*meas"ure (r?-m?zh"?r; 135), v. t.
To measure again; to retrace.
They followed him . . .
The way they came, their steps remeasured right.
Fairfax.
Re*mede" (r?-m?d"), n.
Remedy. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*me"di*a*ble (r?-m?"d?-?-b'l), a.
[L. remediabilis: cf. F.
rem\'82diable.] Capable of being remedied
or cured.
-- Re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n.
-Re*me"di*a*bly, adv.
Re*me"di*al (-al), a.
[L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy;
intended for a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an
evil; as, remedial treatment.
Statutes are declaratory or remedial.
Blackstone.
It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is
not remedial, not conservative.
I. Taylor.
Re*me"di*al*ly, adv. In a remedial
manner.
Re*me"di*ate (-?t), a.
Remedial. [R.]
Shak.
Re*med"i*less (r?-m?d"?-l?s a.
1. Not admitting of a remedy; incapable of being
restored or corrected; incurable; irreparable; as, a
remediless mistake or loss. \'bdChains
remedilesse.\'b8
Spenser.
Hopeless are all my evils, all remediless.
Milton.
2. Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual.
[Obs.]
Forced to forego the attempt remediless.
Spenser.
Syn. -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable;
irretrievable; irreparable; desperate.
-- Re*med"i*less, adv.
[Obs.] Udall. -- Re*med"i*less*ly,
adv. -- Re*med"i*less*ness,
n.
Rem"e*dy (r?m"?-d?), n.; pl.
Remedies (-d. [L.
remedium; pref. re- re- + mederi
to heal, to cure: cf. F. rem\'8ade remedy,
rem\'82dier to remedy. See Medical.]
1. That which relieves or cures a disease; any
medicine or application which puts an end to disease and restores
health; -- with for; as, a remedy for the
gout.
2. That which corrects or counteracts an evil of
any kind; a corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; --
followed by for or against, formerly by
to.
What may else be remedy or cure
To evils which our own misdeeds have wrought,
He will instruct us.
Milton.
3. (Law) The legal means to recover a
right, or to obtain redress for a wrong.
Civil remedy. See under Civil.
-- Remedy of the mint (Coinage), a
small allowed deviation from the legal standard of weight and
fineness; -- called also tolerance.
Syn. -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation;
redress; relief; aid; help; assistance.
Rem"e*dy, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Remedied (-d?d); p. pr. & vb.
n. Remedying.] [L.
remediare, remediari: cf. F.
rem. See Remedy, n.]
To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to
repair; to redress; to correct; to counteract.
I will remedy this gear ere long.
Shak.
Re*melt" (r?-m?lt"), v. t. To
melt again.
Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remembered
(-b?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remembering.] [OF. remebrer,
L. rememorari; pref. re- re- +
memorare to bring to remembrance, from
memor mindful. See Memory, and cf.
Rememorate.] 1. To have ( a notion
or idea) come into the mind again, as previously perceived,
known, or felt; to have a renewed apprehension of; to bring to
mind again; to think of again; to recollect; as, I
remember the fact; he remembers the events of
his childhood; I cannot remember dates.
We are said to remember anithing, when the idea of
it arise
I. Watts.
2. To be capable of recalling when required; to
keep in mind; to be continually aware or thoughtful of; to
preserve fresh in the memory; to attend to; to think of with
gratitude, affection, respect, or any other emotion.
Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.
Ex. xx. 8.
That they may have their wages duly paid 'em,
And something over to remember me by.
Shak.
Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste.
Milton.
<-- p. 1216 -->
3. To put in mind; to remind; -- also used
reflexively and impersonally. [Obs.]
\'bdRemembering them the trith of what they themselves
known.\'b8
Milton.
My friends remembered me of home.
Chapman.
Remember you of passed heaviness.
Chaucer.
And well thou wost [knowest] if it remember
thee.
Chaucer.
4. To mention. [Obs.] \'bdAs in
many cases hereafter to be remembered.\'b8
Ayliffe.
5. To recall to the mind of another, as in the
friendly messages, remember me to him, he wishes to be
remembered to you, etc.
Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. i.
To execise or have the power of memory; as, some
remember better than others.
Shak.
Re*mem"ber*a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable or worthy of being remembered. --
Re*mem"ber*a*bly, adv.
<-- = memorable -->
The whole vale of Keswick is so rememberable.
Coleridge.
Re*mem"ber*er (-?r), n. One who
remembers.
Re*mem"brance (-brans), n.
[OF. remembrance.]
1. The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or
bringing to mind; recollection.
Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage.
Milton.
Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail.
Addison.
2. The state of being remembered, or held in mind;
memory; recollection.
This, ever grateful, in remembrance bear.
Pope.
3. Something remembered; a person or thing kept in
memory.
Shak.
4. That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a
memorial; a token; a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of
something to be remembered.
And on his breast a bloody cross he bore,
The dear remembrance of his dying Lord.
Spenser.
Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake.
Shak.
5. Something to be remembered; counsel;
admoni [Obs.]
Shak.
6. Power of remembering; reach of personal
knowledge; period over which one's memory extends.
Thee I have heard relating what was done
Ere my remembrance.
Milton.
Syn. -- Recollection; reminiscence. See
Memory.
Re*mem"bran*cer (-bran-s?r),
n. 1. One who, or that which, serves to
bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a
reminder.
Premature consiolation is but the remembrancer of
sorrow.
Goldsmith.
Ye that are the lord's remembrancers.
Isa. lxii. 6. (Rev. Ver. ).
2. A term applied in England to several officers,
having various functions, their duty originally being to bring
certain matters to the attention of the proper persons at the
proper time. \'bdThe remembrancer of the lord
treasurer in the exchequer.\'b8
Bacon.
Re*mem"o*rate (-?-r?t), v. i.
[L. rememoratus, p. p. of rememorari.
See Remember.] To recall something by means
of memory; to remember. [Obs.]
Bryskett.
Re*mem`o*ra"tuin (-r?"sh?n), n.
[F. rem, or L.
rememoratio.] A recalling by the faculty of
memory; remembrance. [Obs. & R.]
Bp. Montagu.
Re*mem"o*ra*tive (r?-mEm"?-r?-t?v),
a. Tending or serving to remind.
[R.]
Rem"e*nant (r?m"?-nant), n.
A remnant. [Obs.]
{ Re*m,er"cie, Re*mer"cy }
(r?-mER"s?), v. t. [F.
remercier; pref. re- re- + OF.
mercier to thank, from OF. & F. merci. See
Mercy.] To thank. [Obs.]
She him remercied as the patron of her life.
Spenser.
Re*merge" (r?-m?rj"), v. i. To
merge again. \'bdRemerging in the general
Soul.\'b8
Tennyson.
{ Re*meve" (r?-mEv"), Re*mewe"
(r?-m?") }, v. t. & i. To
remove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rem"i*form (r?m"?*f?rm), a. [L.
remus oar + -form.] Shaped like
an oar.
\'d8Rem"i*ges (r?m"?*j?z), n. pl.;
sing. Remex. (r. [L.
remex, -igis, an oarsman.]
(Zo\'94l.) The quill feathers of the wings of a
bird.
Rem"i*grate (r?m"?-gr?t ,
v. i. [L. remigrare. See Re-,
and Migrate.] To migrate again; to go back;
to return.
Boyle.
Rem`i*gra"tion (r?m`?-gr?"sh?n), n.
Migration back to the place from which one came.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*mind" (r?-m?nd"), v. t. To
put (one) in mind of something; to bring to the remembrance of;
to bring to the notice or consideration of (a person).
When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to
arrest, seize, and remind us of our mortality.
South.
Re*mind"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, reminds; that which serves to awaken
remembrance.
Re**mind"ful (f?l), a. Tending
or adapted to remind; careful to remind.
Southey.
Rem`i*nis"cence (r?m`?-n?s"sens),
n. [F. r\'82miniscence, L.
reminiscentia.] 1. The act or
power of recalling past experience; the state of being
reminiscent; remembrance; memory.
The other part of memory, called reminiscence,
which is the retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but
confusedly remembered.
South.
I forgive your want of reminiscence, since it is
long since I saw you.
Sir W. Scott.
2. That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a
statement or narration of remembered experience; a recollection;
as, pleasing or painful reminiscences.
Syn. -- Remembrance; recollection. See
Memory.
Rem`i*nis"cen*cy (-sen-s?),
n. Reminiscence. [Obs.]
Rem`i*nis"cent (-sent), a.
[L. reminiscens, -entis, p. pr. of
reminisci to recall to mind, to recollect;
pref.re- re + a word akin to mens mind,
memini I remember. See Mind.]
Recalling to mind, or capable of recalling to mind; having
remembrance; reminding one of something.
Some other of existence of which we have been previously
conscious, and are now reminiscent.
Sir W. Hamilton.
Rem`i*nis"cent (r?m`?-n?s"sent),
n. One who is addicted to indulging, narrating,
or recording reminiscences.
Rem`i*nis*cen"tial (-n?s-s?n"shal),
a. Of or pertaining to reminiscence, or
remembrance.
Sir T. Browne.
Rem"i*ped (r?m"?-p?d), a. [L.
remus oar + pes, pedis, foot:
cf. F. r\'82mip\'8ade.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said of
certain crustaceans and insects.
Rem"i*ped, n. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) An animal having limbs like oars, especially
one of certain crustaceans. (b) One of a
group of aquatic beetles having tarsi adapted for swimming. See
Water beetle.
Re*mise" (r?-m?z"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remised
(-m?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remising.] [F. remise
delivery, surrender, fr. remettre to put back,
deliver, L. remittere. See Remit.]
To send, give, or grant back; torelease a claim to; to
resign or surrender by deed; to return.
Blackstone.
Re*mise", n. (Law) A giving
or granting back; surrender; return; release, as of a
claim.
Re*miss" (r?-m?s"), a. [L.
remissus, p. p. of remittere to send back,
relax. See Remit.] Not energetic or exact in
duty or business; not careful or prompt in fulfilling
engagements; negligent; careless; tardy; behindhand; lagging;
slack; hence, lacking earnestness or activity; languid;
slow.
Thou never wast remiss, I bear thee witness.
Milton.
These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss.
Roscommon.
Its motion becomes more languid and remiss.
Woodward.
Syn. -- Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless;
neglectful; inattentive; heedles; thoughtless.
Re*miss", n. The act of being remiss;
inefficiency; failure. [Obs.]
\'bdRemisses of laws.\'b8
Puttenham.
Re*miss"ful (-f?l), a. Inclined
to remit punishment; lenient; clement.
Drayton.
Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty (r?-m?s`s?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The state or quality of being
remissible.
Jer. Taylor.
Re*mis"si*ble (r?-m?s"s?-b'l), a.
[L. remissibilis: cf. F.
r\'82missible. See Remit.] Capable
of being remitted or forgiven.
Feltham.
Re*mis"sion (r?-m?sh"?n), n.
[F. r\'82mission, L. remissio. See
Remit.] 1. The act of remitting,
surrendering, resigning, or giving up.
2. Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment
of a claim, right, or obligation; pardon of transgression;
release from forfeiture, penalty, debt, etc.
This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many
for the remission of sins.
Matt. xxvi. 28.
That ples, therefore, . . .
Will gain thee no remission.
Milton.
3. Diminution of intensity; abatement;
relaxation.
4. (Med.) A temporary and incomplete
subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain, as
destinguished from intermission, in which the disease
completely leaves the patient for a time; abatement.
5. The act of sending back. [R.]
Stackhouse.
6. Act of sending in payment, as money;
remittance.
Re*mis"sive (r?-m?s"s?v), a.
[L. remissivus. See Remit.]
Remitting; forgiving; abating.
Bp. Hacket.
Re*miss"ly (r?-m?s"l?), adv. In
a remiss or negligent manner; carelessly.
Re*miss"ness, n. Quality or state of
being remiss.
Re*mis"so*ry (r?-m?s"s?-r?), a.
Serving or tending to remit, or to secure remission;
remissive. \'bdA sacrifice expiatory or
remissory.\'b8
Latimer.
Re*mit" (r?-m?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remitted; p.
pr. & vb. n. Remitting.] [L.
remittere, remissum, to send back, to
slacken, relax; pref. re- re- + mittere to
send. See Mission, and cf. Remise,
Remiss.] 1. To send back; to give
up; to surrender; to resign.
In the case the law remits him to his ancient and
more certain right.
Blackstone.
In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be
remitted to their prince.
Hayward.
The prisoner was remitted to the guard.
Dryden.
2. To restore. [Obs.]
The archbishop was . . . remitted to his
liberty.
Hayward.
3. (Com.) To transmit or send, esp. to a
distance, as money in payment of a demand, account, draft, etc.;
as, he remitted the amount by mail.
4. To send off or away; hence: (a) To
refer or direct (one) for information, guidance, help, etc.
\'bdRemitting them . . . to the works of Galen.\'b8
Sir T. Elyot. (b) To submit, refer, or leave
(something) for judgment or decision. \'bdWhether the
counsel be good Iremit it to the wise readers.\'b8
Sir T. Elyot.
5. To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to
abate.
So willingly doth God remit his ire.
Milton.
6. To forgive; to pardon; to remove.
Whose soever sins ye remit, they are
remitted unto them.
John xx. 23.
7. To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as,
to remit the performance of an obligation.
\'bdThe sovereign was undoubtedly competent to remit
penalties.\'b8
Macaulay.
Syn. -- To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive;
pardon; absolve.
Re*mit", v. i. 1. To abate in
force or in violence; to grow less intense; to become moderated;
to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits; the severity
of the weather remits.
2. To send money, as in payment.
Addison.
Re*mit"ment (-ment), n.
The act of remitting, or the state of being remitted;
remission.
Disavowing the remitment of Claudius.
Milton.
Re*mit"tal (-tal), n.
A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the
remittal of the first fruits.
Swift.
Re*mit"tance (r?-m?t"tans),
n. 1. The act of transmitting money,
bills, or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction
of a demand, or in discharge of an obligation.
2. The sum or thing remitted.
Addison.
Re*mit`tee" (r?-m?t`t?"), n.
(Com.) One to whom a remittance is sent.
Re*mit"tent (r?-m?t"tent),
a. [L. remittens, p. pr. : cf. F.
r\'82mittent.] Remitting; characterized by
remission; having remissions.
Remittent fever (Med.), a fever in
which the symptoms temporarily abate at regular intervals, but do
not wholly cease. See Malarial fever, under
Malarial.
Re*mit"ter (-t?r), n. 1.
One who remits. Specifically: (a) One
who pardons. (b) One who makes
remittance.
2. (Law) The sending or placing back of
a person to a title or right he had before; the restitution of
one who obtains possession of property under a defective title,
to his rights under some valid title by virtue of which he might
legally have entered into possession only by suit.
Bouvier.
\'d8Re*mit"ti*tur (-t?-t?r), n.
[L., (it) is remitted.] (Law) (a)
A remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut
being a remission of excess of damages. (b) A
sending back, as when a record is remitted by a superior to an
inferior court.
Wharton.
Re*mit"tor (-t?r), n.
(Law) One who makes a remittance; a
remitter.
Re*mix" (r?-m?ks"), v. t. To
mix again or repeatedly.
Rem"nant (r?m"nant), a.
[OF. remanant, p. pr. of remanoir,
remaindre. See Remanent,
Remain.] Remaining; yet left.
[R.] \'bdBecause of the remnant dregs of
his disease.\'b8
Fuller.
And quiet dedicate her remnant life
To the just duties of an humble wife.
Prior.
Rem"nant, n. [OF.remanant.
See Remnant, a.]
1. That which remains after a part is removed,
destroyed, used up, performed, etc.; residue.
Chaucer.
The remnant that are left of the captivity.
Neh. i. 3.
The remnant of my tale is of a length
To tire your patience.
Dryden.
2. A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a
little bit; a scrap.
Some odd quirks and remnants of wit.
Shak.
3. (Com.) An unsold end of piece goods,
as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.
Syn. -- Residue; rest; remains; remainder.
Re*mod"el (r?-m?d"?l), v. t. To
model or fashion anew; to change the form of.
The corporation had been remodeled.
Macaulay.
Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion (-?-f?-k?"sh?n),
n. The act of remodifying; the state of being
remodified.
Re*mod"i*fy (r?-m?d"?-f?), v. t.
To modify again or anew; to reshape.
{ \'d8R\'82`mo`lade" (r?`m?`l?d"),
\'d8R\'82`mou`lad" (r?`m??`l?d"), }
n. [F.] A kind of piquant sauce or
salad dressing resembling mayonnaise.
{ Re*mold", Re*mould" }
(r?-m?ld"), v. t. To mold or shape anew
or again; to reshape.
Re*mol"lient (r?-m?l"yent ent), a. [L.
remolliens, p. pr. of remollire to mollify:
cf. F. r\'82mollient. See Mollient.]
Mollifying; softening. [R.]
Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion (r?-m?n`?-t?-z?"sh?n , n. The act of remonetizing.
Re*mon"e*tize (-t?z), v. t. To
restore to use as money; as, to remonetize
silver.
Re*mon"strance (-m?n"strans),
n. [Cf. OF. remonstrance, F.
remonstrance. See Remonstrate.]
1. The act of remonstrating; as: (a)
A pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration.
[Obs.]
You may marvel why I . . . would not rather
Make rash remonstrance of my hidden power
Than let him be so lost.
Shak.
(b) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to
something; protest; expostulation.
2. (R.C.Ch.) Same as
Monstrance.
Re*mon"strant (-strant), a.
[LL. remonstranc, -antis, p. pr. of
remonstrare: cf. OF. remonstrant,
F.remontrant.] Inclined or tending to
remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to
something.
Re*mon"strant, n. One who
remonstrates; specifically (Eccl. Hist.),
one of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of
the Calvinists in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the
decisions of the Synod of Dort in 1618. See
Arminian.
Re*mon"strant*ly, adv. In a remonstrant
manner.
Re*mon"strate (-str?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remonstrated
(-str; p. pr. & vb. n.
Remonstrating.] [LL.
remonstratus, p. p. of remonstrare to
remonstrate; L. pref. re- + monstrare to
show. See Monster.] To point out; to show
clearly; to make plain or manifest; hence, to prove; to
demonstrate. [Obs.]
Jer. Taylor.
I will remonstrate to you the third door.
B. Jonson.
Re*mon"strate, v. i. To present and urge
reasons in opposition to an act, measure, or any course of
proceedings; to expostulate; as, to remonstrate with
a person regarding his habits; to remonstrate against
proposed taxation.
It is proper business of a divine to state cases of
conscience, and to remonstrate against any growing
corruptions in practice, and especially in principles.
Waterland.
Syn. -- Expostulate, Remonstrate.
These words are commonly interchangeable, the principal
difference being that expostulate is now used
especially to signify remonstrance by a superior or by one in
authority. A son remonstrates against the harshness of
a father; a father expostulates with his son on his
waywardness. Subjects remonstrate with their rulers;
sovereigns expostulate with the parliament or the
people.
Re`mon*stra"tion (r?`m?n*str?"sh?n),
n. [Cf. OF. remonstration, LL.
remonstratio.] The act of remonstrating;
remonstrance. [R.]
Todd.
Re*mon"stra*tive (r?*m?n"str?*t?v),
a. Having the character of a remonstrance;
expressing remonstrance.
<-- p. 1217 -->
Re*mon"stra*tor (r?*m?n"str?*t?r),
n. One who remonstrates; a remonsrant.
Bp. Burnet.
Re*mon"tant (-tant),
a.[F.] (Hort.) Rising
again; -- applied to a class of roses which bloom more than once
in a season; the hybrid perpetual roses, of which the Jacqueminot
is a well-known example.
\'d8Re*mon`toir" (re-m?n"tw?r"; E.
r?-m?n"tw?r), n. [F.]
(Horology) See under Escapement.
\'d8Rem"o*ra (r?m"?*r?), n.
[L.: cf. F. r\'82mora.]
1. Delay; obstacle; hindrance.
[Obs.]
Milton.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species
of fishes belonging to Echeneis, Remora,
and allied genera. Called also sucking fish.
Echeneis
naucrates), and the swordfish remora (Remora
brachyptera), are common American species.
3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly in
use, intended to retain parts in their places.
Dunglison.
Rem"o*rate (-r?t), v. t. [L.
remoratus, p. p. of remorari; pref.
re- re- + morari to delay.] To
hinder; to delay. [Obs.]
Johnson.
Re*mord" (r?-m?rd"), v. t. [L.
remordere to bite again, to torment: cf. F.
remordre. See Remorse.] To excite
to remorse; to rebuke. [Obs.]
Skelton.
Re*mord", v. i. To feel remorse.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
Re*mord"en*cy (-en*s?), n.
Remorse; compunction; compassion. [Obs.]
Killingbeck.
Re*morse" (r?*m?rs"), n. [OE.
remors, OF. remors,F. remords,
LL. remorsus, fr. L. remordere,
remorsum, to bite again or back, to torment; pref.
re- re- + mordere to bite. See
Morsel.] 1. The anguish, like
gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of
conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past
life. \'bdNero will be tainted with remorse.\'b8
Shak.
2. Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion.
Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw
To no remorse.
Dryden.
But evermore it seem'd an easier thing
At once without remorse to strike her dead.
Tennyson.
Syn. -- Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See
Compunction.
Re*morsed" (r?-m?rst"), a.
Feeling remorse. [Obs.]
Re*morse"ful (-m?rs"f?l), a.
1. Full of remorse.
The full tide of remorseful passion had abated.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Compassionate; feeling tenderly.
[Obs.]
Shak.
3. Exciting pity; pitiable.
[Obs.]
Chapman.
-- Re*morse"ful*ly, adv. --
Re*morse"ful*ness, n.
Re*morse"less, a. Being without remorse;
having no pity; hence, destitute of sensibility; cruel;
insensible to distress; merciless.
\'bdRemorseless adversaries.\'b8 South.
\'bdWith remorseless cruelty.\'b8 Milton.
Syn. -- Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting;
implacable; merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel.
-- Re*morse"less*ly, adv. --
Re*morse"less*ness, n.
Re*mote" (r?-m?t"), a.
[Compar. Remoter (-?r);
superl. Remotest.] [L.
remotus, p. p. of removere to remove. See
Remove.] 1. Removed to a distance;
not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to
time or to place; as, remote
ages; remote lands.
Places remote enough are in Bohemia.
Shak.
Remote from men, with God he passed his days.
Parnell.
2. Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or
being related; -- in various figurative uses. Specifically:
(a) Not agreeing; alien; foreign. \'bdAll
these propositions, how remote soever from reason.\'b8
Locke. (b) Not nearly related; not close;
as, a remote connection or consanguinity.
(c) Separate; abstracted. \'bdWherever the
mind places itself by any thought, either amongst, or
remote from, all bodies.\'b8 Locke.
(d) Not proximate or acting directly; primary;
distant. \'bdFrom the effect to the remotest
cause.\'bd Granville. (e) Not obvious or
sriking; as, a remote resemblance.
3. (Bot.) Separated by intervals greater
than usual.
-- Re*mote"ly, adv. --
Re*mote"ness, n.
Re*mo"tion (r?-m?"sh?n), n. [L.
remotio. See Remove.] 1.
The act of removing; removal. [Obs.]
This remotion of the duke and her
Is practice only.
Shak.
2. The state of being remote; remoteness.
[R.]
The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask conferred by the
enormity of their remotion.
De Quincey.
Re*mould" (r?-m?ld"), v. t. See
Remold.
Re*mount" (r?-mount"), v. t. & i.
To mount again.
Re*mount", n. The opportunity of, or
things necessary for, remounting; specifically, a fresh horse,
with his equipments; as, to give one a
remount.
Re*mov"a*ble (r?-m??v"?-b'l), a.
Admitting of being removed. Ayliffe. --
Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty
(-, n.
Re*mov"al (-al), n.
The act of removing, or the state of being removed.
Re*move" (r?-m??v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Removed
(-m??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Removing.] [OF. removoir,
remouvoir, L. removere, remotum;
pref. re- re- + movere to move. See
Move.] 1. To move away from the
position occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; as,
to remove a building.
Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark.
Deut. xix. 14.
When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving us, I
generally ordered the table to be removed.
Goldsmith.
2. To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to
cease to be; to take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put
an end to; to kill; as, to remove a
disease. \'bdKing Richard thus removed.\'b8
Shak.
3. To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the
President removed many postmasters.
Remove, v.
i.
Re*move" (r?-m??v"), v. i. To
change place in any manner, or to make a change in place; to move
or go from one residence, position, or place to another.
Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane,
I can not taint with fear.
Shak.
remove, in some of its
application, is synonymous with move, but not in all.
Thus we do not apply remove to a mere change of
posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man
moves his head when he turns it, or his finger when he
bends it, but he does not remove it. Remove
usually or always denotes a change of place in a body, but we
never apply it to a regular, continued course or motion. We never
say the wind or water, or a ship, removes at a certain
rate by the hour; but we say a ship was removed from
one place in a harbor to another. Move is a generic
term, including the sense of remove, which is more
generally applied to a change from one station or permanent
position, stand, or seat, to another station.
Re*move", n. 1. The act of
removing; a removal.
This place should be at once both school and university, not
needing a remove to any other house of
scholarship.
Milton.
And drags at each remove a lengthening chain.
Goldsmith.
2. The transfer of one's business, or of one's
domestic belongings, from one location or dwelling house to
another; -- in the United States usually called a
move.
It is an English proverb that three removes are as
bad as a fire.
J. H. Newman.
3. The state of being removed.
Locke.
4. That which is removed, as a dish removed from
table to make room for something else.
5. The distance or space through which anything is
removed; interval; distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in
any scale of gradation; specifically, a division in an English
public school; as, the boy went up two removes last
year.
A freeholder is but one remove from a
legislator.
Addison.
6. (Far.) The act of resetting a horse's
shoe.
Swift.
Re*moved" (r?-m??vd"), a.
1. Changed in place.
2. Dismissed from office.
3. Distant in location; remote. \'bdSomething
finer than you could purchase in so removed a
dwelling.\'b8
Shak.
4. Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a
cousin once removed.
-- Re*mov"ed*ness
(r, n.
Shak.
Re*mov"er (-?r), n. One who
removes; as, a remover of landmarks.
Bacon.
Re*mu"a*ble (r?-m?"?-b'l), a.
[F.] That may be removed; removable.
[Obs.]
Gower.
Re*mue" (r?-m?"), v. t. [F.
remuer. See Mew to molt.] To
remove. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*mu"gi*ent (r?-m?"j?-ent),
a. [L. remugiens, p. pr. of
remugire. See Mugient.]
Rebellowing.
Dr. H. More.
Re**mu"ner*a*ble (r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l),
a. [See Remunerate.]
Admitting, or worthy, of remuneration. --
Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty
(r,
n.
Re*mu"ner*ate (-?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Remunerated
(-?"t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Remunerating.] [L.
remuneratus, p. p. of remunerare,
remunerari; pref. re- re- +
munerare, munerari, to give, present, from
munus, muneris, a gift, present. Cf.
Munificent.] To pay an equivalent to for any
service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to
requite; as, to remunerate men for labor.
Syn. -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite;
repay; pay; reimburse.
Re*mu`ner*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[L. remuneratio: cf. F.
r\'82mun\'82ration.] 1. The act of
remunerating.
2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent
given, as for services, loss, or sufferings.
Shak.
Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment;
repayment; satisfaction; requital.
Re*mu"ner*a*tive (r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v),
a. [Cf.F. r\'82mun.]
Affording remuneration; as, a remunerative
payment for services; a remunerative
business. -Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly,
adv. -- Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness,
n.
Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82mun.]
Remunerative.
Johnson.
Re*mur"mur (r?-m?r"m?r), v. t. & i.
[Pref. re- + murmur: cf. F.
remurmurare.] To murmur again; to utter
back, or reply, in murmurs.
The trembling trees, in every plain and wood,
Her fate remurmur to the silver flood.
Pope.
Ren (r?n), v. t. & i. See
Renne. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren, n. A run. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"a*ble (r?n"?-b'l), a. [OF.
resnable.] Reasonable; also,
loquacious. [Obs.] \'bdMost renable
of tongue.\'b8 Piers Plowman. --
Ren"a*bly, adv.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
\'d8Re*nais`sance" (F.
re-n?`s?ns"; E. r?-n?s"sans),
n. [F., fr. rena to be born
again. Cf. Renascence.] A new birth, or
revival. Specifically: (a) The transitional
movement in Europe, marked by the revival of classical learning
and art in Italy in the 15th century, and the similar revival
following in other countries. (b) The style
of art which prevailed at this epoch.
The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the
Middle Ages, emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism,
developing what was original in medi\'91val ideas by the light of
classic arts and letters.
J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit. ).
Re*nais"sant (r?-n?s"sant),
a. Of or pertaining to the Renaissance.
Re"nal (r?"nal), a.
[L. renalis, fr. renes the kidneys or
reins: cf. F. r\'82nal. See Reins.]
(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the
region of the kidneys.
Renal calculus (Med.), a concretion
formed in the excretory passages of the kidney.<-- = kidney
stone? --> -- Renal capsules glands, the suprarenal capsules. See under
Capsule. -- Renal casts,
Renal colic. (Med.) See under
Cast, and Colic.
Re"nal-por`tal
(r?"nal-p?r"tal), a.
(Anat.) Both renal and portal. See
Portal.
Re*name" (r?*n?m"), v. t. To
give a new name to.
Ren"ard (r?n"?rd), n. [F.
renard the fox, the name of the fox in a celebrated
epic poem, and of German origin, G. Reinhard, OHG.
Reginhard, properly, strong in counsel;
regin counsel (akin to Goth. ragin) +
hart hard. See Hard.] A fox; -- so
called in fables or familiar tales, and in poetry.
[Written also reynard.]
Ren"ard*ine (-?n), a. Of or
pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales in which Renard is
mentioned.
Re*nas"cence (r?-n?s"sens),
n. [See Renascent, and cf.
Renaissance.] 1. The state of being
renascent.
Read the Phrenascence is varied.
Coleridge.
2. Same as Renaissance.
The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature,
and in physics, produced such splendid fruits.
M. Arnold.
Re*nas"cen*cy (-sen-s?), n.
State of being renascent.
Re*nas"cent (-sent), a.
[L. renascens, p. pr. of renasci to be
born again; pref. re- re- + nasci to be
born. See Nascent.] 1. Springing or
rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced.
2. See Renaissant.
Re*nas"ci*ble (-s?-b'l), a.
[LL. renascibilis, from L. renasci to
be born again.] Capable of being reproduced; ablle to
spring again into being.
Re*nate" (r?-n?t"), a. [L.
renatus, p. p. of renasci.] Born
again; regenerate; renewed. [Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Re*nav"i*gate (r?-n?v"?-g?t), v. t.
To navigate again.
Re*nay" (r?-n?"), v. t. [OF.
reneier, F. renier, F. renier;
L. pref. re- re- + negare to deny. See
Renegade.] To deny; to disown.
[Obs.]
Ren*con"tre (r?n-k?n"t?r; F.
r?n`k?n"tr'), n.
[F.] Same as Rencounter,
n.
Ren*coun"ter (r?n-koun"t?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rencountered
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb/ n.
Rencountering.] [F.
rencontrer; pref. re- + OF.
encontrer to encounter. See Encounter.]
1. To meet unexpectedly; to encounter.
2. To attack hand to hand.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Ren*coun"ter, v. i. To meet
unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile manner; to come in
collision; to skirmish.
Ren*coun"ter, n. [F.
rencontre, from renconter to meet.]
1. A meeting of two persons or bodies; a collision;
especially, a meetingg in opposition or contest; a combat,
action, or engagement.
The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join.
Granville.
2. A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or
fight without premeditation, as between individuals or small
parties.
The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in all
rencounters and engagements.
Addison.
Sun. -- Combat; fight; conflict; collision;
clash.
Rend (r?nd), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rent
(r?nt); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rending.] [AS. rendan,
hrendan; cf. OFries. renda,
randa, Fries.renne to cut, rend, Icel.
hrinda to push, thrust, AS. hrindan; or cf.
Icel. r to rob, plunder, Ir. rannaim
to divide, share, part, W. rhanu, Armor.
ranna.] 1. To separate into parts
with force or sudden violence; to tear asunder; to split; to
burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting;
lightning rends an oak.
The dreadful thunder
Doth rend the region.
Shak.
2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by
force.
An empire from its old foundations rent.
Dryden.
I will surely rend the kingdom from thee.
1 Kings xi. 11.
To rap and rend. See under Rap,
v. t., to snatch.
Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture;
crack; split.
Rend, v. i. To be rent or torn; to
become parted; to sepparate; to split.
Jer. Taylor.
Rend"er (-?r), n. [From
Rend.] One who rends.
Ren"der (r?n"d?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rendered
(-d?rd);p. pr. & vb. n.
Rendering.] [F. rendre, LL.
rendre, fr. L. reddere; pref.
red-, re-, re- + dare to give.
See Datetime, and cf. Reddition,
Rent.] 1. To return; to pay back; to
restore.
Whose smallest minute lost, no riches render
may.
Spenser.
2. To inflict, as a retribution; to requite.
I will render vengeance to mine enemies.
Deut. xxxii. 41.
3. To give up; to yield; to surrender.
I 'll make her render up her page to me.
Shak.
4. Hence, to furnish; to contribute.
Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and
virtue.
I. Watts.
5. To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to
render an account; to render
judgment.
6. To cause to be, or to become; as, to
render a person more safe or more unsafe; to
render a fortress secure.
7. To translate from one language into another;
as, to render Latin into English.
8. To interpret; to set forth, represent, or
exhibit; as, an actor renders his part poorly; a
singer renders a passage of music with great effect; a
painter renders a scene in a felicitous
manner.
He did render him the most unnatural
That lived amongst men.
Shak.
9. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.)
from fatty animal substances; as, to render
tallow.
10. To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the
use of lath.
Ren"der, v. i. 1. To give an
account; to make explanation or confession.
[Obs.]
2. (Naut.) To pass; to run; -- said of
the passage of a rope through a block, eyelet, etc.; as, a
rope renders well, that is, passes freely; also, to
yield or give way.
Totten.
Ren"der, n. 1. A
surrender. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. A return; a payment of rent.
In those early times the king's household was supported by
specific renders of corn and other victuals from the
tenants of the demains.
Blackstone.
3. An account given; a statement.
[Obs.]
Shak.
<-- p. 1218 -->
Ren"der*a*ble (r?n"d?r-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being rendered.
Ren"der*er (-?r), n. 1.
One who renders.
2. A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is
rendered.
Ren"der*ing, n. The act of one who
renders, or that which is rendered. Specifically: (a) A
version; translation; as, the rendering of the
Hebrew text. Lowth. (b) In art, the
presentation, expression, or interpretation of an idea, theme, or
part. (c) The act of laying the first coat of plaster on
brickwork or stonework. (d) The coat of plaster thus
laid on. Gwilt. (e) The process of trying out
or extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat.
Ren"dez*vous (r?n"d?*vr?n"-;
277), n.; pl. Rendezvouses
(r. [Rare in the
plural.] [F. rendez-vous, properly, render
yourselves, repair to a place. See Render.]
1. A place appointed for a meeting, or at which
persons customarily meet.
An inn, the free rendezvous of all travelers.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Especially, the appointed place for troops, or
for the ships of a fleet, to assemble; also, a place for
enlistment.
The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together to a
rendezvous at Marlborough.
Clarendon.
3. A meeting by appointment.
Sprat.
4. Retreat; refuge. [Obs.]
Shak.
Ren"dez*vous (r?n"d?-v,
v. i. [imp. &. p. p.
Rendezvoused (-v; p. pr. & vb.
n. Rendezvousing
(-v.] To assemble or meet
at a particular place.
Ren"dez*vous, v. t. To bring together at
a certain place; to cause to be assembled.
Echard.
Rend"i*ble (r?nd"?-b'l), a.
[From Rend.] Capable of being rent or
torn.
Ren"di*ble (r?n"d?-b'l), a.
[See Render.] Capable, or admitting, of
being rendered.
Ren*di"tion (r?n-d?sh"?n), n.
[LL. rendere to render: cf. L.
redditio. See Render, and cf.
Reddition.]
1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of
surrender, as of fugitives from justice, at the claim of a
foreign government; also, surrender in war.
The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after
articles of rendition.
Evelyn.
2. Translation; rendering; version.
This rendition of the word seems also most
naturally to agree with the genuine meaning of some other words
in the same verse.
South.
Rend"rock` (r?nd"r?k`), n. A
kind of dynamite used in blasting. [U.S.]
Ren"e*gade (r?n"?-g?d), n. [Sp.
renegado, LL. renegatus, fr.
renegare to deny; L. pref. re- re- +
negare to deny. See Negation, and
cf. Runagate.] One faithless to
principle or party. Specifically: (a) An
apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious
faith.
James justly regarded these renegades as the most
serviceable tools that he could employ.
Macaulay.
(b) One who deserts from a military or naval post;
a deserter. Arbuthnot. (c) A common
vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow.
Ren`e*ga"do (r?n`?-g?"d?), n.
[Sp.] See Renegade.
Ren"e*gat (r?n"?-g?t), n. [See
Runegate.] A renegade.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren`e*ga"tion (r?n`?-ga"sh?n), n.
A denial. [R.] \'bdAbsolute
renegation of Christ.\'b8
Milman.
Re*nege" (r?-n?j" , v.
t. [LL. renegare. See
Renegade.] To deny; to disown.
[Obs.]
Shak.
All Europe high (all sorts of rights reneged)
Against the trith and thee unholy leagued.
Sylvester.
Re*nege", v. i. 1. To
deny. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. (Card Playing) To revoke.
[R.]
Re*nerve" (r?-n?rv"), v. t. To
nerve again; to give new vigor to; to reinvigorate.
Re*new" (r?-n?"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reneved
(-n?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Renewing.] [Pref. re- + new.
Cf. Renovate.] 1. To make new again;
to restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life
to; to rejuvenate; to re
In such a night
Medea gathered the enchanted herbs
That did renew old
Shak.
2. Specifically, to substitute for (an old
obligation or right) a new one of the same nature; to continue in
force; to make again; as, to renew a lease, note, or
patent.
3. To begin again; to recommence.
The last great age . . . renews its finished
course.
Dryden.
4. To repeat; to go over again.
The birds-their notes renew.
Milton.
5. (Theol.) To make new spiritually; to
regenerate.
Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind.
Rom. xii. 2.
Re*new", v. i. To become new, or as new;
to grow or begin again.
Re*new`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being renewable.
[R.]
Re*new"a*ble (r?-n?"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being renewed; as, a lease renewable
at pleasure.
Swift.
Re*new"al (-al), n.
The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; as,
the renewal of a treaty.
Re*new"ed*ly, adv. Again; once
more. [U.S.]
Re*new"ed*ness, n. The state of being
renewed.
Re*new"er (-?r), n. One who, or
that which, renews.
Re*neye" (r?-n?"), v. t. [See
Renay.] To deney; to reject; to
renounce. [Obs.]
For he made every man reneye his law.
Chaucer.
Reng (r?ng), n. [See
Rank, n.] 1. A rank; a
row. [Obs.] \'bdIn two renges
fair.\'b8
Chaucer.
2. A rung or round of a ladder.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion (r?-n?d`?-f?-k?"sh?n),
n. (Zo\'94l.) The act of rebuilding a
nest.
Ren"i*form (r?n"?-f?rm; 277), a.
[L. renes kidneys + -form: cf. F.
r\'82niforme.] Having the form or shape of
a kidney; as, a reniform mineral; a
reniform leaf.
{ Re*ni"tence (r?-n?"tens),
Re*ni"ten*cy (-te-s?), }
n. [Cf. F. r\'82nitence.]
The state or quality of being renitent; resistance;
reluctance.
Sterne.
We find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe life
and irritability to the cold and motionless fibers of plants.
E. Darwin.
Re*ni"tent (-tent), a.
[L. renitens, -entis, p. pr. of
renit to strive or struggle against, resist; pref.
re- re- + niti to struggle or strive: cf.
F. r\'82nitent.] 1. Resisting
pressure or the effect of it; acting against impluse by elastic
force. \'bd[Muscles] soft and yet renitent.\'b8
Ray.
2. Persistently opposed.
Ren"ne (r?n"ne), v. t.
To plunder; -- only in the phrase \'bdto rape and
renne.\'b8 See under Rap, v. t.,
to snatch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"ne, v. i. To run.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"ner (-n?r), n. A
runner. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ren"net (r?n"n?t), n. [F.
rainette, reinette, perhaps fr.
raine a tree frog, L. rana, because it is
spotted like this kind of frog. Cf. Ranunculus.]
(Bot.) A name of many different kinds of apples.
Cf. Reinette.
Mortimer.
Ren"net, n. [AS. rinnan,
rennan, to run, cf. gerinnan to curdle,
coagulate. . See Run, v.]
The inner, or mucous, membrance of the fourth stomach of the
calf, or other young ruminant; also, an infusion or preparation
of it, used for coagulating milk. [Written also
runnet.]
Cheese rennet. (Bot.) See under
Cheese. -- Rennet ferment (Physiol.
Chem.), a ferment, present in rennet and in variable
quantity in the gastric juice of most animals, which has the
power of curdling milk. The ferment presumably acts by changing
the casein of milk from a soluble to an insoluble form. --
Rennet stomach (Anat.), the fourth
stomach, or abomasum, of ruminants.
Ren"net*ed, a. Provided or treated with
rennet. [R.] \'bdPressed milk
renneted.\'b8
Chapman.
Ren"net*ing, n. (Bot.) Same
as 1st Rennet.
Ren"ning (r?n"n?ng), n. See 2d
Rennet. [Obs.]
Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore they
use it instead of renning, to turn milk.
Holland.
Re`no*mee" (r?`n?-m?"), n. [F.
renomm.] Renown.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nounce" (r?-nouns"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Renounced
(-nounst"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Renouncing (-noun"s?ng).] [F.
renoncer, L. renuntiare to bring back word,
announce, revoke, retract, renounce; pref. re- re- +
nuntiare to announce, fr. nuncius, a
messenger. See Nuncio, and cf.
Renunciation.] 1. To declare
against; to reject or decline formally; to refuse to own or
acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; as, to
renounce a title to land or to a throne.
2. To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown;
to dismiss; to forswear.
This world I do renounce, and in your sights
Shake patiently my great affliction off.
Shak.
3. (Card Playing) To disclaim having a
card of (the suit led) by playing a card of another suit.
To renounce probate (Law), to
decline to act as the executor of a will. Mozley &
W.
Syn. -- To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny;
abjure; recant; abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign;
relinquish; give up; abdicate. --
Renounce, Abjure, Recant. -- To
renounce is to make an affirmative declaration of
abandonment. To abjure is to renounce with, or as
with, the solemnity of an oath. To recant is to
renounce or abjure some proposition previously affirmed and
maintained.
From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no disgrace
Can force me to renounce the honor of my race.
Dryden.
Either to die the death, or to abjure
Forever the society of man.
Shak.
Ease would recant
Vows made in pain, as violent and void.
Milton.
Re*nounce", v. i. 1. To make
renunciation. [Obs.]
He of my sons who fails to make it good,
By one rebellious act renounces to my blood.
Dryden.
2. (Law) To decline formally, as an
executor or a person entitled to letters of administration, to
take out probate or letters.
Dryden died without a will, and his widow having
renounced, his son Charles administered on June
10.
W. D. Christie.
Re*nounce", n. (Card Playing)
Act of renouncing.
Re*nounce"ment (-ment), n.
[Cf. F. renoncement.] The act of
disclaiming or rejecting; renunciation.
Shak.
Re*noun"cer (r?-noun"s?r), n.
One who renounces.
Ren"o*vate (r?n"?-v?t), v. t.
[L. renovatus, p. p. of renovare;pref.
re- re- + novare to make new, fr.
novus new. See New, and Renew.] To make over again; to restore to
freshness or vigor; to renew.
All nature feels the reniovating force
Of winter.
Thomson.
Ren`o**va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n.
[L.renovatio: cf. F.
r\'82novation.] The act or process of
renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed.
Thomson.
There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual
renovation of the world.
Rabbler.
Ren"o*va`tor (r?n"?-v?`t?r), n.
[L.: cf. F. r\'82novateur.] One who,
or that which, renovates.
Foster.
Re*nov"el (r?-n?v"el), v.
t. [F. renouveler to renew.] To
renew; to renovate. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nov"el*ance (-ans), n.
Renewal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*nowme" (r?-noum"), n.
Renown. [Obs.]
The glory and renowme of the ancectors.
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Re*nowmed" (r?-noumd"), a.
Renowned. [Obs.]
Re*nown" (r?-noun"), n. [F.
renom. See Noun, and cf. Renown,
v.] 1. The state of being much
known and talked of; exalted reputation derived from the
extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; fame;
celebrity; -- always in a good sense.
Nor envy we
Thy great renown, nor grudge thy victory.
Dryden.
2. Report of nobleness or exploits; praise.
This famous duke of Milan,
Of whom so often I have heard renown.
Shak.
Re*nown" (r?-noun"), v. t. [F.
renommer to name again, celebrate, make famous; pref.
re- re- + nommer to name, L.
nominare , fr. nomen a name. See
Noun.] To make famous; to give renown
to. [Obs.]
For joi to hear me so renown his son.
Chapman.
The bard whom pilfered pastorals renown.
Pope.
Re*nowned" (r?-nound"), a.
Famous; celebrated for great achievements, for distinguished
qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned
king. \'bdSome renowned metropolis with
glistering spires.\'b8
Milton.
These were the renouwned of the congregation.
Num. i. 61.
Syn. -- Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent;
celebrated; remarkable; wonderful. See Famous.
Re*nown"ed*ly (r?-noun"?d-l?), adv.
With renown.
Re*nown"er (-?r), n. One who
gives renown. [R.]
Re*nown"ful (-f?l), a. Having
great renown; famous. \'bdRenownful Scipio.\'b8
Marston.
Re*nown"less, a. Without renown;
inglorius.
Rens"se*laer*ite (r?ns"se-l?r-?t),
n. (Min.) A soft, compact variety of
talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe
into inkstands and other articles.
Rent (r?nt), v. i. To
rant. [R. & Obs.]
Hudibras.
Rent, imp. & p. p. of
Rend.
Rent, n. [From Rend.]
1. An opening made by rending; a break or breach
made by force; a tear.
See what a rent the envious Casca made.
Shak.
2. Figuratively, a schim; a rupture of harmony; a
separation; as, a rent in the church.
Syn. -- Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear;
diaceration; break; fracture.
Rent, v. t. To tear. See
Rend. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rent, n. [F. rente, LL.
renta, fr. L. reddita, fem. sing. or neut.
pl. of redditus, p. p. of reddere to give
back, pay. See Render.] 1. Incone;
revenue. See Catel. [Obs.] \'bdCatel
had they enough and rent.\'b8
Chaucer.
[Bacchus] a waster was and all his rent
In wine and bordel he dispent.
Gower.
So bought an annual rent or two,
And liv'd, just as you see I do.
Pope.
2. Pay; reward; share; toll.
[Obs.]
Death, that taketh of high and low his rent.
Chaucer.
3. (Law) A certain periodical profit,
whether in money, provisions, chattels, or labor, issuing out of
lands and tenements in payment for the use; commonly, a certain
pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant and his landlord, paid
at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, for the use of
land or its appendages; as, rent for a farm, a
house, a park, etc.
rent is also popularly applied
to compensation for the use of certain personal chattles, as a
piano, a sewing machine, etc.
Black rent. See Blackmail, 3. --
Forehand rent, rent which is paid in advance;
foregift. -- Rent arrear, rent in arrears; unpaid
rent. Blackstone. -- Rent charge
(Law), a rent reserved on a conveyance of land in
fee simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so called
because, by a covenant or clause in the deed of conveyance, the
land is charged with a distress for the payment of it,
Bouvier. -- Rent roll, a list or
account of rents or income; a rental. -- Rent
seck (Law), a rent reserved by deed, but
without any clause of distress; barren rent. A power of distress
was made incident to rent seck by Statue 4 George II. c. 28.
-- Rent service (Eng. Law), rent
reserved out of land held by fealty or other corporeal service;
-- so called from such service being incident to it. --
White rent, a quitrent when paid in silver; --
opposed to black rent.
Rent, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Rented; p. pr. & vb. n.
Renting.] [F. renter. See
Rent, n.] 1. To grant the
possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; to lease; as, the
owwner of an estate or house rents it.<-- =
rent out; to let -->
2. To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent;
as, the tennant rents an estate of the
owner.
Rent, v. i. To be leased, or let for
rent; as, an estate rents for five hundred dollars a
year.
Rent"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable
of being rented, or suitable for renting.
Rent"age (-?j), n. [Cf. OF.
rentage.] Rent. [Obs.]
Rent"al (-al), n. [LL.
rentale, fr. renta. See Rent
income.] 1. A schedule, account, or list of
rents, with the names of the tenants, etc.; a rent roll.
2. A sum total of rents; as, an estate that
yields a rental of ten thousand dollars a
year.
\'d8Rente (r?nt), n.
[F. See Rent income.] In France,
interest payable by government on indebtedness; the bonds,
shares, stocks, etc.,, which represent government
indebtedness.
Rent"er (r?nt"?r), n. One who
rents or leases an estate; -- usually said of a lessee or
tenant.
Ren"ter (r?n"t?r), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Rentered
(-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rentering.] [F. rentraire;
L. pref. re- re- + in into, in +
trahere to draw.] 1. To sew
together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to sew up with
skill and nicety; to finedraw.
2. To restore the original design of, by working in
new warp; -- said with reference to tapestry.
Ren"ter*er (-?r), n. One who
renters.
\'d8Ren`tier" (r?n`ty?"),
n. [F. See 5th Rent.] One who
has a fixed income, as from lands, stocks, or the like.
Re*nu"mer*ate (r?-n?"m?r-?t), v. t.
[L. renumeratus, p. p. of renumerare
to count over, count up; pref. re- re- +
numerare to count. See Numerate.]
To recount.
Re*nun`ci*a"tion (r?-n?n`s?-?"sh?n , n. [Cf. F. renonciation, L.
renuntiatio ann announcement. See
Renounce.] 1. The act of
renouncing.
2. (Law) Formal declination to take out
letters of administration, or to assume an office, privilege, or
right.
Syn. -- Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment;
disclaimer; rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial;
abandonment; relinquishment.
<-- p. 1219 -->
Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry (r?-n?n"sh?-?-t?-r?),
a. [Cf. LL. renuntiatorius.]
Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a
renunciation; as, renunciatory vows.
Ren*verse" (r?n-vErs"), v. t.
[F. renverser; L. pref. re- re- +
in in, into + versare, v. intens. fr.
vertere to turn.] To reverse.
[Obs.]
Whose shield he bears renverst.
Spenser.
{ Ren*verse" (r?n*v?rs"), \'d8Ren`ver`s\'82"
(r?n`v?r`s?") },
a. [F. renvers\'82, p. p.
] (Her.) Reversed; set with the head
downward; turned contrary to the natural position.
Ren*verse"ment (-ment), n.
[F.] A reversing. [Obs.]
Ren*voy" (-voi"), v. t. [F.
renvoyer.] To send back.
[Obs.] \'bdNot dismissing or renvoying
her.\'b8
Bacon.
Ren*voy", n. [F.
renvoi.] A sending back.
[Obs.]
Re`ob*tain" (r?`?b-t?n"), v. t.
To obtain again.
Re`ob*tain"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
That may be reobtained.
Re*oc"cu*py (r?-?k"k?-p?), v. t.
To occupy again.
Re*om"e*ter (r?-?m"?-t$r), n.
Same as Rheometer.
Re*o"pen (r?-?"p'n), v. t. & i.
To open again.
Re`op*pose" (r?`?p-p?z"), v. t.
To oppose again.
Re`or*dain" (r?`?r-d?n"), v. t.
[Pref. re- re- + ordain: cf. F.
r\'82ordonner.] To ordain again, as when
the first ordination is considered defective.
Bp. Burnet.
Re*or"der (r?-?r"d?r), v. t. To
order a second time.
Re*or`di*na"tion, n. A second
ordination.
Re*or`gan*i*za"tion (-gan-?-z?"sh?n),
n. The act of reorganizing; a reorganized
existence; as, reorganization of the
troops.
Re*or"gan*ize (r?-?r"gan-?z), v.
t. & i. To organize again or anew; as, to
reorganize a society or an army.
Re*o"ri*ent (r?-?"r?-ent),
a. Rising again. [R.]
The life reorient out of dust.
Tennyson.
Re"o*stat (r?"?-st?t), n.
(Physics) See Rheostat.
Re"o*trope (-tr?p), n.
(Physics) See Rheotrope.
Rep (r?p), n. [Prob. a
corruption of rib: cf. F. reps.]
A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and
having a transversely corded or ribbed surface.
Rep, a. Formed with a surface closely
corded, or ribbed transversely; -- applied to textile fabrics of
silk or wool; as, rep silk.
Re*pace" (r?-p?s"), v. t. To
pace again; to walk over again in a contrary direction.
Re*pac"i*fy (r?-p?s"?-f?), v. t.
To pacify again.
Re*pack" (r?-p?k"), v. t. To
pack a second time or anew; as, to repack beef; to
repack a trunk.
Re*pack"er (-?r), n. One who
repacks.
Re*pa"gan*ize (r?-p?"gan-?z), v.
t. To paganize anew; to bring back to paganism.
Re*paid" (r?-p?d"), imp. & p.
p. of Repay.
Re*paint" (r?-p?nt"), v. t. To
paint anew or again; as, to repaint a house; to
repaint the ground of a picture.
Re*pair" (r?-p?r"), v. i. [OE.
repairen, OF. repairier to return, fr. L.
repatriare to return to one's contry, to go home
again; pref. re- re- + patria native
country, fr. pater father. See Father, and
cf. Repatriate.] 1. To return.
[Obs.]
I thought . . . that he repaire should again.
Chaucer.
2. To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to
repair to sanctuary for safety.
Chaucer.
Go, mount the winds, and to the shades repair.
Pope.
Re*pair", n. [OF. repaire
retreat, asylum, abode. See Repair to go.]
1. The act of repairing or resorting to a
place. [R.]
Chaucer.
The king sent a proclamation for their repair to
their houses.
Clarendon.
2. Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a
resort. [R.]
There the fierce winds his tender force assail
And beat him downward to his first repair.
Dryden.
Re*pair", v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Repaired (-p?rd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Repairing.] [F.
r\'82parer, L. reparare; pref. re- re- +
parare to prepare. See Pare, and cf.
Reparation.] 1. To restore to a
sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial
destruction; to renew; to restore; to mend; as, to
repair a house, a road, a shoe, or a ship; to
repair a shattered fortune.
Secret refreshings that repair his strength.
Milton.
Do thou, as thou art wont, repair
My heart with gladness.
Wordsworth.
2. To make amends for, as for an injury, by an
equivalent; to indemnify for; as, to repair a loss
or damage.
I 'll repair the misery thou dost bear.
Shak.
Syn. -- To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve;
recruit.
Re*pair", n. 1. Restoration to
a sound or good state after decay, waste, injury, or partial
restruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, materials are
collected for the repair of a church or of a
city.
Sunk down and sought repair
Of sleep, which instantly fell on me.
Milton.
2. Condition with respect to soundness,
perfectness, etc.; as, a house in good, or bad,
repair; the book is out of repair.
Re*pair"a*ble (-?*b'l), a.
Reparable.
Gauden.
Re*pair"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, repairs, restores, or makes amends.
Re*pair"ment, n. Act of repairing.
Re*pand" (r?*p?nd), a. [L.
repandus bent backward, turned up; pref.
re- re- + pandus bent, crooked.]
(Bot. & Zool.) Having a slightly undulating
margin; -- said of leaves.
Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (r?p`?-r?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The quality or state of being reparable.
Rep"a*ra*ble (r?p"?-r?-b'l), a
[L. reparabilis: cf. F.
r\'82parable.] Capable of being repaired,
restored to a sound or good state, or made good; restorable;
as, a reparable injury.
Rep"a*ra*bly, adv. In a reparable
manner.
Rep`a*ra"tion (-r?"sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82paration, L. reparatio. See
Repair to mend.] 1. The act of
renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of being renewed or
repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge or of a
highway; -- in this sense, repair is oftener
used.
Arbuthnot.
2. The act of making amends or giving satisfaction
or compensation for a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done
or given; amends; satisfaction; indemnity.
<-- usu. in the phrase make reparation . -->
I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose
writings, and make what reparation I am able.
Dryden.
Syn. -- Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation;
amends; satisfaction.
Re*par"a*tive (r?-p?r"?-t?v), a.
Repairing, or tending to repair.
Jer. Taylor.
Re*par"a*tive, n. That which
repairs.
Sir H. Wotton.
Re*par"el (-?l), n. [Cf.
Reapparel.] A change of apparel; a second or
different suit. [Obs.]
Beau & Fl.
Rep`ar*tee" (r?p`3r-t?"), n.
[F. repartie, fr. repartir to reply,
depart again; pref. re- re- partir to part,
depart. See Part.] A smart, ready, and witty
reply.
Cupid was as bad as he;
Hear but the youngster's repartee.
Prior.
Syn. -- Retort; reply. See Retort.
Rep`ar*tee", v. i. [imp. & p.
p. Reparteed (-t?d"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reparteeing.] To make smart
and witty replies. [R.]
Prior.
\'d8Re`par*ti`mi*en"to (r?`p?r-t?`m?-?n"t?),
n. [Sp., fr. repartir to
divide.] A partition or distribution, especially of
slaves; also, an assessment of taxes.
W. Irving.
Re`par*to"tion (r?-p?r-t?sh"?n), n.
Another, or an additional, separation into parts.
Re*pass" (r?-p?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + pass: cf. F. repasser.
Cf. Repace.] To pass again; to pass or travel
over in the opposite direction; to pass a second time; as, to
repass a bridge or a river; to repass the
sea.
Re*pass", v. i. To pass or go back; to
move back; as, troops passing and repassing before
our eyes.
Re*pas"sage (r?-p?s"s?j;48), n.
The act of repassing; passage back.
Hakluyt.
Re*pas"sant (r?-p?s"sant),
a. [Cf. F. repassant, p. pr.]
(Her.) Counterpassant.
Re*past" (r?-p?st"), n. [OF.
repast, F. repas, LL. repastus,
fr. L. repascere to feed again; pref. re-
re- + pascere, pastum, to pasture, feed.
See Pasture.] 1. The act of taking
food.
From dance to sweet repast they turn.
Milton.
2. That which is taken as food; a meal;
figuratively, any refreshment. \'bdSleep . . . thy best
repast.\'b8
Denham.
Go and get me some repast.
Shak.
Re*past", v. t. & i. To supply food to;
to feast; to take food. [Obs.]
\'bdRepast them with my blood.\'b8
Shak.
He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting and
repasting of our minds.
Milton.
Re*past"er (-?r), n. One who
takes a repast. [Obs.]
Re*pas"ture (-p?s"t?r;135), n.
[See Repast.] Food; entertainment.
[Obs.]
Food for his rage, repasture for his den.
Shak.
Re*pa"tri*ate (r?-p?"tr?-?t), v. t.
[L. repatriare. See 1st Repair.]
To restore to one's own country.
Re*pa`tri*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n.
[Cf. LL. repatriatio return to one's
country.] Restoration to one's country.
Re*pay" (r?-p?"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repaid
(-p?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repaying.] [Pref. re- + pay:
cf. F. repayer.] 1. To pay back;
to refund; as, to repay money borrowed or
advanced.
If you repay me not on such a day,
In such a place, such sum or sums.
Shak.
2. To make return or requital for; to recompense;
-- in a good or bad sense; as, to repay kindness; to
repay an injury.
Benefits which can not be repaid . . . are not
commonly found to increase affection.
Rambler.
3. To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt.
Syn. -- To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate;
remunerate; satisfy; reimburse; requite.
Re*pay"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; due; as, a
loan repayable in ten days; services repayable
in kind.
Re*pay"ment (-ment), n.
1. The act of repaying; reimbursement.
Jer. Taylor.
2. The money or other thing repaid.
Re*peal" (r?-p?l"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repealed
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repealing.] [OF. repeler to
call back, F. rappeler; pref. re- re- + OF.
apeler, F. appeler, to call, L.
appellare. See Appeal, and. cf.
Repel.] 1. To recall; to summon
again, as persons. [Obs.]
The banished Bolingbroke repeals himself,
And with uplifted arms is safe arrived.
Shak.
2. To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to
revoke; to rescind or abrogate by authority, as by act of the
legislature; as, to repeal a law.
3. To suppress; to repel. [Obs.]
Whence Adam soon repealed
The doubts that in his heart arose.
Milton.
Syn. -- To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul;
abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish.
Re*peal", n. 1. Recall, as from
exile. [Obs.]
The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people
Will be as rash in the repeal, as hassty
To expel him thence.
Shak.
2. Revocation; abrogation; as, the
repeal of a statute; the repeal of a law or a
usage.
Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.
The quality or state of being repealable.
Re*peal"a*ble (r?-p?l"?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repealed. --
Re*peal"a*ble*ness, n.
Syn. -- Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible.
Re*peal"er (-?r), n. One who
repeals; one who seeks a repeal; specifically, an advocate for
the repeal of the Articles of Union between Great Britain and
Ireland.
Re*peal"ment (-ment), n.
Recall, as from banishment. [Obs.]
Re*peat" (-p?t"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repeated; p.
pr. & vb. n. Repeating.] [F.
r\'82p\'82ter, L. repetere; pref.
re- re- + petere to fall upon, attack. See
Petition.]
1. To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter
again; to iterate; to recite; as, to repeat an
effort, an order, or a poem. \'bdI will
repeat our former communication.\'b8
Robynson (More's Utopia).
Not well conceived of God; who, though his power
Creation could repeat, yet would be loth
Us to abolish.
Milton.
2. To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter
again. [Obs.]
Waller.
3. (Scots Law) To repay or refund (an
excess received).
To repeat one's self, to do or say what one
has already done or said. -- To repeat signals,
to make the same signals again; specifically, to communicate,
by repeating them, the signals shown at headquarters.
Syn. -- To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate;
rehearse; recapitulate. See Reiterate.
Re*peat" (r?-p?t"), n. 1.
The act of repeating; repetition.
2. That which is repeated; as, the
repeat of a pattern; that is, the repetition of the
engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is produced
(as in calico printing, etc.).
3. (Mus.) A mark, or series of dots,
placed before and after, or often only at the end of, a passage
to be repeated in performance.
Re*peat"ed*ly, adv. More than once;
again and again; indefinitely.
Re*peat"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, repeats. Specifically: (a) A
watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring,
will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters.
(b) A repeating firearm. (c)
(Teleg.) An instrument for resending a
telegraphic message automatically at an intermediate
point.<-- or a telephone signal --> (d) A
person who votes more than once at an election.
[U.S.] (e) See Circulating
decimal, under Decimal. (f)
(Naut.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain
flag in a hoist of signal is duplicated.
Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Re*peat"ing, a. Doing the same thing
over again; accomplishing a given result many times in
succession; as, a repeating firearm; a
repeating watch.
Repeating circle. See the Note under
Circle, n., 3. -- Repeating
decimal (Arith.), a circulating decimal. See
under Decimal. -- Repeating firearm,
a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick
succession; especially: (a) A form of firearm
so constructed that by the action of the mechanism the charges
are successively introduced from a chamber containing them into
the breech of the barrel, and fired. (b) A form
in which the charges are held in, and discharged from, a
revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel. See
Revolver, and Magazine gun, under
Magazine.<-- also called automatic weapon --> --
Repeating instruments (Astron. & Surv.),
instruments for observing angles, as a circle, theodolite,
etc., so constructed that the angle may be measured several times
in succession, and different, but successive and contiguous,
portions of the graduated limb, before reading off the aggregate
result, which aggregate, divided by the number of measurements,
gives the angle, freed in a measure from errors of eccentricity
and graduation. -- Repeating watch. See
Repeater (a)
Rep"e*da"tion (r?p`?-da"sh?n), n.
[L. repedare to step back; pref. re-
re- + pes, pedis, foot.] A
stepping or going back. [Obs.]
Dr. H. More.
Re**pel" (r?-p?l"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repelled
(-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repelling.] [L. repellere,
repulsum; pref. re- re- +
pellere to drive. See Pulse a beating, and
cf. Repulse, Repeal.] 1. To
drive back; to force to return; to check the advance of; to
repulse as, to repel an enemy or an assailant.
Hippomedon repelled the hostile tide.
Pope.
They repelled each other strongly, and yet
attracted each other strongly.
Macaulay.
2. To resist or oppose effectually; as, to
repel an assault, an encroachment, or an
argument.
[He] gently repelled their entreaties.
Hawthorne.
Syn. -- Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse.
Re*pel", v. i. To act with force in
opposition to force impressed; to exercise repulsion.
{ Re*pel"lence (-lens),
Re*pel"len*cy (-len-s?), }
n. The principle of repulsion; the quality or
capacity of repelling; repulsion.
Re*pel"lent (-lent), a.
[L. repellens, -entis, p. pr. ]
Driving back; able or tending to repel.
Re*pel"lent, n. 1. That which
repels.
2. (Med.) A remedy to repel from a
tumefied part the fluids which render it tumid.
Dunglison.
3. A kind of waterproof cloth.
Knight.
Re*pel"ler (-l?r), n. One who,
or that which, repels.
Re"pent (r?"p?nt), a. [L.
repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of
repere to creep.] 1. (Bot.)
Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems.
Gray.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Reptant.
Re*pent" (r?-p?nt"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Repented; p.
pr. & vb. n. Repenting.] [F.
se repentir; L. pref. re- re- +
poenitere to make repent, poenitet me it
repents me, I repent. See Penitent.] 1.
To feel pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or
omitted to do.
First she relents
With pity; of that pity then repents.
Dryden.
2. To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on
account of regret or dissatisfaction.
Lest, peradventure, the people repent when they see
war, and they return to Egypt.
Ex. xiii. 17.
3. (Theol.) To be sorry for sin as
morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to love and
practice sin.
Except ye repent, ye shall likewise perish.
Luke xii. 3.
Re*pent", v. t. 1. To feel pain
on account of; to remember with sorrow.
I do repent it from my very soul.
Shak.
<-- p. 1220 -->
2. To feel regret or sorrow; -- used
reflexively.
My father has repented him ere now.
Dryden.
3. To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used
impersonally. [Archaic] \'bdAnd it
repented the Lord that he had made man on the
earth.\'b8
Gen. vi. 6.
Re*pent"ance (r?-p?nt"ans),
n. [F. repentance.] The act
of repenting, or the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one
has done or omitted to do; especially, contrition for sin.
Chaucer.
Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation.
2. Cor. vii. 20.
Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion
from sin to God.
Hammond.
Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from the
conviction that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear, and anxiety
are properly not parts, but adjuncts, of repentance;
yet they are too closely connected with it to be easily
separated.
Rambler.
Syn. -- Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness;
compunction. See Contrition.
Re*pent"ant (-ant), a.
[F. repentant.] 1. Penitent;
sorry for sin.
Chaucer.
Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood.
Millton.
2. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as,
repentant tears; repentant ashes.
\'bdRepentant sighs and voluntary pains.\'b8
Pope.
Re*pent"ant, n. One who repents,
especially one who repents of sin; a penitent.
Re*pent"ant*ly, adv. In a repentant
manner.
Re*pent"er (-?r), n. One who
repents.
Re*pent"ing*ly, adv. With repentance;
penitently.
Re*pent"less, a. Unrepentant.
[R.]
Re*peo"ple (r?-p?"p'l), v. t.
[Pref. re- + people: cf. F.
repeupler.] To people anew.
Re`per*cep"tion (r?`p?r-s?p"sh?n),
n. The act of perceiving again; a repeated
perception of the same object.
No external praise can give me such a glow as my own solitary
reperception and ratification of what is fine.
Keats.
Re`per*cuss" (-k?s"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repercussed
(-k?st");p. pr. & vb. n.
Repercussing.] [L.
repercusus, p. p. of repercutere to drive
back; pref. re- re- + percutere. See
Percussion.] To drive or beat back; hence, to
reflect; to reverberate.
Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to
repercuss such a light as I could hardly look
against.
Evelyn.
Re`per*cus"sion (-k?sh"?n), n.
[L. repercussio: cf. F.
r\'82percussion.] 1. The act of
driving back, or the state of being driven back; reflection;
reverberation; as, the repercussion of
sound.
Ever echoing back in endless repercussion.
Hare.
2. (Mus.) Rapid reiteration of the same
sound.
3. (Med.) The subsidence of a tumor or
eruption by the action of a repellent.
Dunglison.
4. (Obstetrics) In a vaginal
examination, the act of imparting through the uterine wall with
the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it bounds upward, and
falls back again against the examining finger.
Re`per*cuss"ive (-k?s"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82percussif.]
1. Tending or able to repercuss; having the power
of sending back; causing to reverberate.
Ye repercussive rocks! repeat the sound.
W. Pattison.
2. Repellent. [Obs.] \'bdBlood
is stanched by astringent and repecussive
medicines.\'b8
Bacon.
3. Driven back; rebounding; reverberated.
\'bdRages loud the repercussive roar.\'b8
Thomson.
Re`per*cuss"ive, n. A repellent.
[Obs.]
Bacon.
Rep`er*ti"tious (r?p`?r-t?sh"?s), a.
[L. reperticius. See Repertory.]
Found; gained by finding. [Obs.]
\'d8R (F. r?`p?r`tw?r"; E.
r?p"?r-tw?r), n. [F. See
Repertory.] A list of drams, operas, pieces,
parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is
prepared to perform.
Rep"er*to*ry (r?p"?r-t?-r?), n.
[L. repertorium, fr. reperire to find
again; pref. re- re + parire,
parere, to bring forth, procure: cf. F.
r\'82pertoire. Cf. Parent.]
1. A place in which things are disposed in an
orderly manner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of
a book, a commonplace book, or the like.
2. A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse.
3. Same as R\'82pertoire.
Re`pe*rus"al (r?`p?-r?z"al),
n. A second or repeated perusal.
Re`pe*ruse" (-r?z"), v. t. To
peruse again.
Ld. Lytton.
Rep`e*tend (r?p`?-t?nd"), n.
[L. repetendus to be repeated, fr.
repetere to repeat.] (Math.)
That part of a circulating decimal which recurs continually,
ad infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over the
first and last repetend is
283.
Rep`e*ti"tion (r?p`?-t?sh"?n), n.
[L. repetitio: cf. F.
r\'82p\'82tition. See Repeat.]
1. The act of repeating; a doing or saying again;
iteration.
I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults, with
surplus to tire in repetition.
Shak.
2. Recital from memory; rehearsal.
3. (Mus.) The act of repeating, singing,
4. (Rhet.) Reiteration, or repeating the
same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose
of making a deeper impression on the audience.
5. (Astron. & Surv.) The measurement of
an angle by successive observations with a repeating
instrument.
Syn. -- Iteration; rehearsal. See Tautology.
{ Rep`e*ti"tion*al (-al).
Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry (-?-r?) },
a. Of the nature of, or containing,
repetition. [R.]
Rep`e*ti"tion*er (-?r), n. One
who repeats. [Obs.]
Rep`e*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a.
Repeating; containing repetition. [U.S.]
Dr. T. Dwight.
Re*pet"i*tive (r?-p?t"?-t?v), a.
Containing repetition; repeating. [R.]
\'d8Rep"e*ti`tor (r?p"?-t?`t?r), n.
[Cf. L. repetitor a reclaimer.]
(Ger.Univ.) A private instructor.
Re*pine" (r?-p?n"), v. i.
[Pref. re- + pine to languish.]
1. To fail; to wane. [Obs.]
\'bdReppening courage yields no foot to foe.\'b8
Spenser.
2. To continue pining; to feel inward discontent
which preys on the spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to
murmur.
But Lachesis thereat gan to repine.
Spenser.
What if the head, the eye, or ear repined
To serve mere engines to the ruling mind?
Pope.
Re*pine", n. Vexation;
mortification. [Obs.]
Shak.
Re*pin"er (r?-p?n"?r), n. One
who repines.
Re*pin"ing*ly, adv. With repening or
murmuring.
\'d8Rep"kie (r?p"k?), n. [From
the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) Any edible sea
urchin. [Alaska]
Re*place" (r?-pl?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + place: cf. F.
replacer.] 1. To place again; to
restore to a former place, position, condition, or the
like.
The earl . . . was replaced in his government.
Bacon.
2. To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to
replace a sum of money borrowed.
3. To supply or substitute an equivalent for;
as, to replace a lost document.
With Israel, religion replaced morality.
M. Arnold.
4. To take the place of; to supply the want of; to
fulfull the end or office of.
This duty of right intention does not replace or
supersede the duty of consideration.
Whewell.
5. To put in a new or different place.
replace
instead of displace, supersede, take
the place of, as in the third and fourth definitions, is
often disputed on account of etymological discrepancy; but the
use has been sanctioned by the practice of careful
writers.
Replaced crystal (Crystallog.), a
crystal having one or more planes in the place of its edges or
angles.
Re*place`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?),
n. The quality, state, or degree of being
replaceable.
Re*place"a*ble (r?-pl?s"?-b'l), a.
1. Capable or admitting of being put back into a
place.
2. Admitting of having its place supplied by a like
thing or an equivalent; as, the lost book is
replaceable.
3. (Chem.) Capable of being replaced
(by), or of being exchanged (for); as, the hydrogen of acids
is replaceable by metals or by basic
radicals.
Re*place"ment (-ment), n.
1. The act of replacing.
2. (Crystallog.) The removal of an edge
or an angle by one or more planes.
Re*plait" (r?-pl?t"), v. t. To
plait or fold again; to fold, as one part over another, again and
again.
Re*plant" (rE-pl?nt"), v. t. To
plant again.
Re*plant"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
That may be planted again.
Re`plan*ta"tion (r?`pl?n-t?"sh?n),
n. The act of planting again; a replanting.
[R.]
Hallywell.
Re*plead" (r?-pl?d"), v. t. & i.
To plead again.
Re*plead"er (-?r), n.
(Law) A second pleading, or course of pleadings;
also, the right of pleading again.
Whenever a repleader is granted, the pleadings must
begin de novo.
Blackstone.
Re*plen"ish (r?-pl?n"?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Replenished
(-?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replenishing.] [OE.
replenissen, OF. replenir; L. pref.
re- re- + plenus full. See Full,
-ish, and cf. Replete.] 1.
To fill again after having been diminished or emptied; to
stock anew; hence, to fill completely; to cause to abound.
Multiply and replenish the earth.
Gen. i. 28.
The waters thus
With fish replenished, and the air with fowl.
Milton.
2. To finish; to complete; to perfect.
[Obs.]
We smothered
The most replenished sweet work of nature.
Shak.
Re*plen"ish, v. i. To recover former
fullness. [Obs.]
The humors will not replenish so soon.
Bacon.
Re*plen"ish*er (-?r), n. One
who replenishes.
Re*plen"ish*ment (-ment),
n. 1. The act of replenishing, or the
state of being replenished.
2. That which replenishes; supply.
Cowper.
Re*plete" (r?-pl?t"), a. [L.
repletus, p. p. of replere to fill again,
fill up; pref. re- re- + plere to fill,
akin to plenus full: cf. F. replet
corpulent. See Plenty, Replenish.]
Filled again; completely filled; full; charged;
abounding. \'bdHis words replete with guile.\'b8
Milton.
When he of wine was replet at his feast.
Chaucer.
In heads repiete with thoughts of other men.
Cowper.
Re*plete", v. t. To fill completely, or
to satiety. [R.]
Re*plete"ness, n. The state of being
replete.
Re*ple"tion (r?-pl?"sh?n), n.
[L. repletio a filling up: cf. F.
r\'82pl\'82tion. See Replete.]
1. The state of being replete; superabundant
fullness.
The tree had too much repletion, and was oppressed
with its own sap.
Bacon.
Replecioun [overeating] ne made her never sick.
Chaucer.
2. (Med.) Fullness of blood;
plethora.
Re*ple"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F.
r\'82pl\'82tif.] Tending to make replete;
filling. -- Re*ple"tive*ly,
adv.
Re*ple"to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Repletive. [R.]
Re*plev"i*a*ble (r?-pl?v"?-?-b'l),
a. [See Replevy.] (Law)
Capable of being replevied.
Re*plev"in (-?n), n. [LL.
replevina. See Replevy, and cf.
Plevin.] 1. (Law) A
personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and
chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a
remedy peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may
generally now be brought in all cases of wrongful taking or
detention.
Bouvier.
2. The writ by which goods and chattles are
replevied.
Re*plev"in, v. t. (Law) To
replevy.
Re*plev"i*sa*ble (-?-s?-b'l), a.
[OF. replevisable.] Repleviable.
Sir M. Hale.
Re*plev"y (-?), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Replevied
(-?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replevying.] [OF. replevir,
LL. replevire. See Pledge,
Replevin.] 1. (Law) To
take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and chattels
wrongfuly taken or detained), upon giving security to try the
right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined
against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied.
2. (Old Eng.LAw) To bail.
Spenser.
Re*plev"y (r?-pl?v"?), n.
Replevin.
Mozley & W.
\'d8Rep"li*ca (r?p"l?-k?), n.
[It. See Reply, v. & n.]
1. (Fine Arts) A copy of a work of art,
as of a picture or satue, made by the maker of the
original.
2. (Mus.) Repetition.
Rep"li*cant (r?p"l?-kant),
n. One who replies.
Rep"li*cate (-?-k?t), v. t. To
reply. [Obs.]
{ Rep"li*cate (l?-k?t),
Rep"li*ca`ted (-k?`t?d), } a.
[L. replicatus, p. p. of replicare.
See Reply.] Folded over or backward; folded
back upon itself; as, a replicate leaf or petal; a
replicate margin of a shell.
Rep`li*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n.
[L. replicatio. See Reply.]
1. An answer; a reply.
Shak.
Withouten any repplicacioun.
Chaucer.
2. (Law Pleadings) The reply of the
plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.
3. Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
To hear the replication of your sounds.
Shak.
4. A repetition; a copy.
<-- 5. (Biochem.) The copying by enzymes of a cell's genome,
i.e. the DNA or RNA comprising its genetic material, to form an
identical genome. This is an essential step in the division of
one cell into two. This differs from tanscription, which is the
copying of only part of the genetic information of a cell's
genome into RNA, as in in the processes of biosynthesis of
messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA. -->
Farrar.
Syn. -- Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.
Re*pli"er (r?-pl?"?r), n. One
who replies.
Bacon.
\'d8Re"plum (r?"pl?m), n. [L.,
doorcase.] (Bot.) The framework of some
pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop
off.
Gray.
Re*ply" (r?-pl?"), v. i.
[imp. & p. p. Replied
(-pl?d"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Replying.] [OE. replien, OF.
replier, F. r\'82pliquer, fr. L.
replicare to fold back, make a reply; pref.
re- re- + plicare to fold. See
Ply, and cf. Replica.] 1.
To make a return in words or writing; to respond; to
answer.
O man, who art thou that repliest against God?
Rom. ix. 20.
2. (Law) To answer a defendant's
plea.
3. Figuratively, to do something in return for
something done; as, to reply to a signal; to
reply to the fire of a battery.
Syn. -- To answer; respond; rejoin.
Re*ply", v. t. To return for an
answer.
Milton.
Lords, vouchsafe
To give me hearing what I shall reply.
Shak.
Re*ply", n.; pl. Replies
(-pl. [See Reply, v.
i., and cf. Replica.] That which is
said, written, or done in answer to what is said, written, or
done by another; an answer; a response.
Syn. -- Answer; rejoinder; response. --
Reply, Rejoinder, Answer. A
reply is a distinct response to a formal question or
attack in speech or writing. A rejoinder is a second
reply (a reply to a reply) in a protracted discussion or
controversy. The word answer is used in two senses,
namely (1), in the most general sense of a mere response; as, the
answer to a question; or (2), in the sense of a
decisive and satisfactory confutation of an adversary's argument,
as when we speak of a triumphant answer to the speech
or accusations of an opponent. Here the noun corresponds to a
frequent use of the verb, as when we say. \'bdThis will
answer (i.e., fully meet) the end in view;\'b8 \'bdIt
answers the purpose.\'b8
Re*ply"er (-?r), n. See
Replier.
Bacon.
Re*pol"ish (r?-p?l"?sh), v. t.
To polish again.
Re*pone" (r?-p?n"), v. t. [L.
reponere; pref. re- re- + ponere
to place.] To replace.
R. Baillie.
Re*pop`u*la"tion (r?*p?p`?*l?"sh?n),
n. The act of repeopling; act of furnishing with
a population anew.
Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reported; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reporting.] [F.
reporter to carry back, carry (cf.
rapporter; see Rapport), L.
reportare to bear or bring back; pref. re-
re- + portare to bear or bring. See Port
bearing, demeanor.] 1. To refer.
[Obs.]
Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so like unto him
that we report the reader to the character of King
Almeric, and will spare the repeating his description.
Fuller.
2. To bring back, as an answer; to announce in
return; to relate, as what has been discovered by a person sent
to examine, explore, or investigate; as, a messenger
reports to his employer what he has seen or ascertained;
the committee reported progress.
There is no man that may reporten all.
Chaucer.
3. To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to
circulate publicly, as a story; as, in the common phrase, it
is reported.
Shak.
It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith
it, that thou and the Jews think to rebel.
Neh. vi. 6.
4. To give an official account or statement of;
as, a treasurer reperts the recepts and
expenditures.
5. To return or repeat, as sound; to echo.
[Obs. or R.] \'bdA church with windowss only form
above, that reporteth the voice thirteen
times.\'bd
Bacon.
6. (Parliamentary Practice) To return or
present as the result of an examination or consideration of any
matter officially referred; as, the committee
reported the bill witth amendments, or reported
a new bill, or reported the results of an
inquiry.
7. To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings
of a public body; to write down from the lips of a speaker.
8. To write an account of for publication, as in a
newspaper; as, to report a public celebration or a
horse race.
9. To make a statement of the conduct of,
especially in an unfavorable sense; as, to report a
servant to his employer.
To be reported, To be reported
of, to be spoken of; to be mentioned, whether
favorably or unfavorably. Acts xvi. 2. -- To
report one's self, to betake one's self, as to a
superior or one to whom service is due, and be in readiness to
receive orders or do service.
Syn. -- To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe.
Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), v. i.
1. To make a report, or response, in respect of a
matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected;
as, the committee will report at twelve
o'clock.
2. To furnish in writing an account of a speech,
the proceedings at a meeting, the particulars of an occurrence,
etc., for publication.
<-- p. 1221 -->
3. To present one's self, as to a superior officer,
or to one to whom service is due, and to be in readiness for
orders or to do service; also, to give information, as of one's
address, condition, etc.; as, the officer reported
to the general for duty; to report weekly by
letter.
Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), n. [Cf. F.
rapport. See Report.v. t.]
1. That which is reported. Specifically:
(a) An account or statement of the results of
examination or inquiry made by request or direction;
relation. \'bdFrom Thetis sent as spies to make
report.\'b8 Waller. (b) A
story or statement circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence,
fame; repute; reputation.
It was a true report that I heard in mine own land
of thy acts and of thy wisdom.
1 Kings x. 6.
Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . . of good
report among all the nation of the Jews.
Acts x. 22.
(c) Sound; noise; as, the report of a
pistol or cannon. (d) An official statement
of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in writing
of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his
superiors; as, the reports of the heads af
departments to Congress, of a master in chancery to the court, of
committees to a legislative body, and the like.
(e) An account or statement of a judicial opinion
or decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law,
chancery, etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such
reports; as, Coke's Reports. (f)
A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, debate,
or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body,
etc.
2. Rapport; relation; connection; reference.
[Obs.]
The corridors worse, having no report to the wings
they join to.
Evelyn.
Syn. -- Account; relation; narration; detail; description;
recital; narrative; story; rumor; hearsay.
Re*port"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable or admitting of being reported.
Re*port"age (-?j), n. SAme as
Report. [Obs.]
Re*port"er (-?r), n. One who
reports. Specifically: (a) An officer or person who
makees authorized statements of law proceedings and decisions, or
of legislative debates. (b) One who reports speeches,
the proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the
newspapers.
Of our tales judge and reportour.
Chaucer.
Re*port"ing*ly, adv. By report or common
fame.
Re`por*to"ri*al (r?`p?r-t?"r?-al),
a. Of or pertaining to a reporter or reporters;
as, the reportorial staff of a newspaper.
Re*pos"al (r?-p?z"al), n.
[From Repose.] 1. The act or
state of reposing; as, the reposal of a
trust.
Shak.
2. That on which one reposes.
[Obs.]
Burton.
Re*pos"ance (-ans), n.
Reliance. [Obs.]
John Hall.
Re*pose" (r?-p?z") v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reposed
(-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reposing.] [F. reposer; L.
pref. re- re- + pausare to pause. See
Pause, Pose, v.] 1.
To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to deposit;
to lay down; to lodge; to reposit. [Obs.]
But these thy fortunes let us straight repose
In this divine cave's bosom.
Chapman.
Pebbles reposed in those cliffs amongst the earth .
. . are left behind.
Woodward.
2. To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to
compose; to rest, -- often reflexive; as, to repose
one's self on a couch.
All being settled and reposed, the lord archibishop
did present his majesty to the lords and commons.
Fuller.
After the toil of battle to repose
Your wearied virtue.
Milton.
3. To place, have, or rest; to set; to
intrust.
The king reposeth all his confidence in thee.
Shak.
Re*pose", v. i. 1. To lie at
rest; to rest.
Within a thicket I reposed.
Chapman.
2. Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully
without anxiety or alarms.
It is upon these that the soul may repose.
I. Taylor.
3. To lie; to be supported; as, trap
reposing on sand.
Syn. -- To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge;
abide.
Re*pose", n. [F. repos. See
Repose, v.] 1. A lying at
rest; sleep; rest; quiet.
Shake off the golden slumber of repose.
Shak.
2. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from
uneasiness; also, a composed manner or deportment.
3. (Poetic) A rest; a pause.
4. (Fine Arts) That harmony or
moderation which affords rest for the eue; -- opposed to the
scattering and division of a subject into too many unconnected
parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; as, a
painting may want repose.
Angle of repose (Physics), the
inclination of a plane at which a body placed on the plane would
remain at rest, or if in motion would roll or side down with
uniform velocity; the angle at which the various kinds of earth
will stand when abandoned to themselves.
Syn. -- Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet;
quietness; tranquillity; peace.
Re*posed" (r?-p?zd"), a.
Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. Bacon. --
Re*pos"ed*ly (r,
adv. -- Re*pos"ed*ness,
n.
Re*pose"ful (r?-p?z"f?l), a.
Full of repose; quiet.
Re*pos"er (r?-p?z"?r), n. One
who reposes.
Re*pos"it (r?-p?z"?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reposited; p.
pr. & vb. n. Repositing.] [L.
repositus, p. p. of reponere to put back;
pref. re- re- + ponere to put. See
Position.] To cause to rest or stay; to lay
away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to
store.
Others reposit their young in holes.
Derham.
Re`po*si"tion (r?`p?*z?sh"?n), n.
[L. repositio.] The act of repositing;
a laying up.
Re*pos"i*tor (r?*p?z"?*t?r), n.
(Surg.) An instrument employed for replacing a
displaced organ or part.
Re*pos"i*to*ry (r?*p?z"?*t$*r?), n.
[L. repositorium, repostorium: cf. OF.
repositoire.] A place where things are or
may be reposited, or laid up, for safety or preservation; a
depository.
Locke.
Re`pos*sess" (r?"p?z*z?s" ,
v. t. To possess again; as, to
repossess the land.
Pope.
To repossess one's self of (something), to
acquire again (something lost).
Re`pos*ses"sion (r?`p?z-z?sh"?n , n. The act or the state of
possessing again.
Re*po"sure (r?-p?"sh?r; 135), n.
Rest; quiet.
In the reposure of most soft content.
Marston.
Re*pour" (r?-p?r"), v. t. To
pour again.
\'d8Re*pous`s\'82" (re -p??`s?"),
a. [F., p. p. of repousser to thrust
back; pref re- + pousser to push. See
Push.] (a) Formed in relief, as a
pattern on metal. (b) Ornamented with
patterns in relief made by pressing or hammering on the reverse
side; -- said of thin metal, or of a vessel made of thin
metal. -- n. Repouss\'82
work.
Repouss\'82 work, ornamentation of metal in
relief by pressing or hammering on the reverse side.
Re*prefe" (r?-pr?f"), n.
Reproof. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rep`re*hend" (r?p`r?-h?nd"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reprehended; p.
pr. & vb. n. Reprehending.] [L.
reprehendere, reprehensum, to hold back,
seize, check, blame; pref. re- re- +
prehendere to lay hold of. See Prehensile,
and cf. Reprisal. ] To reprove or reprimand
with a view of restraining, checking, or preventing; to make
charge of fault against; to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to
censure.
Chaucer.
Aristippus being reprehended of luxury by one that
was not rich, for that he gave six crowns for a small fish.
Bacon.
Pardon me for reprehending thee.
Shak.
In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . . . are
severely reprehended.
Dryden.
I nor advise nor reprehend the choice.
J. Philips.
Rep`re*hend"er (-?r), n. One
who reprehends.
Rep`re*hen"si*ble (-h?n"s?-b'l), a.
[L. reprehensibilis: cf. F.
r\'82pr\'82hensible.] Worthy of
reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable. --
Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. --
Rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv.
Rep`re*hen"sion (-sh?n), n. [L.
reprehensio: cf. F.
r\'82pr\'82hension.] Reproof; censure;
blame; disapproval.
This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him a
secret reprehension that he had not showed more
gratefulness to Dorus.
Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- Censure; reproof; reprimand. See
Admonition.
Rep`re*hen"sive (-h?n"s?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82pr\'82hensif.] Containing
reprehension; conveying reproof.
South.
-- Rep`re*hen"sive*ly,
adv.
Rep`re*hen"so*ry (-s?-r?), a.
Containing reproof; reprehensive; as,
reprehensory complaint.
Johnson.
Re`-pre*sent" (r?`pr?-z?nt"), v. t.
To present again; as, to re-present the points
of an argument.
Rep`re*sent" (r?p`r?-z?nt"), v. t.
[F. repr, L. repraesentare,
repraesentatum; pref. re- re- +
preesentare to place before, present. See
Present, v. t.] 1. To
present again or anew; to present by means of something standing
in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to
typify.
Before him burn
Seven lamps, as in a zodiac representing
The heavenly fires.
Milton.
2. To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to
delineate; as, to represent a landscape in a
picture, a horse in bronze, and the like.
3. To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to
act the part or character of; to personate; as, to
represent Hamlet.
4. To stand in the place of; to supply the place,
perform the duties, exercise the rights, or receive the share,
of; to speak and act with authority in behalf of; to act the part
of (another); as, an heir represents his ancestor;
an attorney represents his client in court; a member of
Congress represents his district in Congress.
5. To exhibit to another mind in language; to show;
to give one's own impressions and judgement of; to bring before
the mind; to set forth; sometimes, to give an account of; to
describe.
He represented Rizzio's credit with the queen to be
the chief and only obstacle to his success in that demand.
Robertson.
This bank is thought the greatest load on the Genoese, and the
managers of it have been represented as a second kind
of senate.
Addison.
6. To serve as a sign or symbol of; as,
mathematical symbols represent quantities or relations;
words represent ideas or things.
7. To bring a sensation of into the mind or
sensorium; to cause to be known, felt, or apprehended; to
present.
Among these. Fancy next
Her office holds; of all external things
Which he five watchful senses represent,
She forms imaginations, aery shapes.
Milton.
8. (Metaph.) To form or image again in
consciousness, as an object of cognition or apprehension
(something which was originally apprehended by direct
presentation). See Presentative,3.
The general capability of knowledge necessarily requires that,
besides the power of evoking out of unconsciousness one portion
of our retained knowledge in preference to another, we posses the
faculty of representing in consciousness what is thus
evoked . . . This representative Faculty is Imagination or
Phantasy.
Sir. W. Hamilton.
Rep`re*sent"a*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being represented.
Rep`re*sent"ance (-ans), n.
Representation; likeness. [Obs.]
Donne.
Rep`re*sent"ant (-ant), a.
[Cf. F. repr.] Appearing or
acting for another; representing.
Rep`re*sent"ant, n. [F.
representant.] A representative.
[Obs.]
Sir H. Wotton.
Rep`re*sen*ta"tion (-z?n-t?"sh?n),
n. [F. repr, L.
representatio.] 1. The act of
representing, in any sense of the verb.
2. That which represents. Specifically:
(a) A likeness, a picture, or a model; as, a
representation of the human face, or figure, and the
like. (b) A dramatic performance;
as, a theatrical representation; a
representation of Hamlet. (c) A
description or statement; as, the representation of
an historian, of a witness, or an advocate.
(d) The body of those who act as representatives of
a community or society; as, the representation of a
State in Congress. (e) (Insurance
Law) Any collateral statement of fact, made orally or
in writing, by which an estimate of the risk is affected, or
either party is influenced.
3. The state of being represented.
Syn. -- Description; show; delineaton; portraiture;
likeness; resemblance; exhibition; sight.
Re-pres`en*ta"tion (r?-prez`?n-t?"sh?n),
n. [See Re-present.] The act
of re-presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new
presentation; as, re-presentation of facts
previously stated.
Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry
(r?p`r?--z?n-t?"sh?n-?-r?), a. Implying
representation; representative. [R.]
Rep`re*sent"a*tive (-z?nt`?-t?v), a.
[Cf. F. repr.] 1.
Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude.
2. Bearing the character or power of another;
acting for another or others; as, a council
representative of the people.
Swift.
3. Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act
as deputies for, the people; as, a representative
government.
4. (Nat.Hist.) (a) Serving or
fitted to present the full characters of the type of a group;
typical; as, a representative genus in a
family. (b) Similar in general
appearance, structure, and habits, but living in different
regions; -- said of certain species and varieties.
5. (Metaph.) Giving, or existing as, a
transcript of what was originally presentative knowledge; as,
representative faculties; representative
knowledge. See Presentative, 3 and
Represent, 8.
Rep`re*sent"a*tive, n. [Cf. LL.
repraesentativus.]
1. One who, or that which, represents (anything);
that which exhibits a likeness or similitude.
A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was
the representative of Credulity.
Addison.
Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes that the
perfections of God are the representatives to us of
whatever we perceive in the creatures.
Locke.
2. An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies
the place of another, or others, being invested with his or their
authority.
3. (Law) One who represents, or stands
in the place of, another.
representative of a deceased person, and is
sometimes called the legal representative, or the
personal representative. The heir is sometimes called
the real representative of his deceased ancestor. The
heirs and executors or administrators of a deceased person are
sometimes compendiously described as his real and
personal representatives.
Wharton. Burrill.
4. A member of the lower or popular house in a
State legislature, or in the national Congress.
[U.S.]
5. (Nat.Hist.) (a) That which
presents the full character of the type of a group.
(b) A species or variety which, in any region,
takes the place of a similar one in another region.
Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly, adv. In a
representative manner; vicariously.
Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness, n. The quality
or state of being representative.
Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended with
conssciousness and representativeness.
Spectator.
Rep`re*sent"er (-?r), n. 1.
One who shows, exhibits, or describes.
Sir T. Browne.
2. A representative. [Obs.]
Swift.
Rep`re*sent"ment (-ment),
n. Representation. [Obs.]
Re*press" (r?-pr?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + press.] To
press again.
Re*press" (r?-pr?s"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + press: cf. L. reprimere,
repressum. Cf. Reprimand.] 1.
To press back or down effectually; to crush down or out; to
quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress
sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of
discontent.
2. Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep
back.
Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . .
Thou couldst repress.
Milton.
Syn. -- To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain;
quell; curb; check.
Re*press", n. The act of
repressing. [Obs.]
Re*press"er (-?r), n. One who,
or that which, represses.
Re*press"i*ble (-?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repressed.
Re*pres"sion (r?-pr?sh"?n), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82pression.]
1. The act of repressing, or state of being
repressed; as, the repression of evil and evil
doers.
2. That which represses; check; restraint.
Re*press"ive (r?-pr?s"?v), a.
[Cf. F. r\'82pressif. LL.
repressivus.] Having power, or tending, to
repress; as, repressive acts or measures.
-- Re*press"ive*ly,
adv.
Re*prev"a*ble (r?-pr?v"?-b'l), a.
Reprovable. [Obs.]
Re*preve" (r?-pr?v"), v. t.
[See Reprieve, v. t.] To
reprove. [Obs.] \'bdRepreve him of
his vice.\'b8
Chaucer.
Re*preve", n. Reproof.
[Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*priefe" (r?-pr?f"), n.
Repreve. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Re*priev"al (r?-pr?v"al),
n. Reprieve.
Overbury.
Re*prieve (r?-pr?v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reprieved
(-pr?vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprieving.] [OE. repreven
to reject, disallow, OF. reprover to blame, reproach,
condemn (pres. il reprueve), F.
r\'82prouver to disapprove, fr. L.
reprobare to reject, condemn; pref. re- re-
+ probare to try, prove. See Prove, and
cf. Reprove, Reprobate.]
1. To delay the punishment of; to suspend the
execution of sentence on; to give a respite to; to respite;
as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty
days.
He reprieves the sinnner from time to time.
Rogers.
2. To relieve for a time, or temporarily.
Company, thought it may reprieve a man from his
melaneholy yet can not secure him from his conscience.
South.
<-- p. 1222 -->
Re*prieve" (r?-pr?v"), n.
1. A temporary suspension of the execution of a
sentence, especially of a sentence of death.
The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve
was sent to suspend the execution for three days.
Clarendon.
2. Interval of ease or relief; respite.
All that I ask is but a short reprieve,
ll I forget to love, and learn to grieve.
Denham.
Rep"ri*mand (r?p"r?-m?nd), n.
[F. r\'82primande, fr. L.
reprimendus, reprimenda, that is to be
checked or suppressed, fr. reprimere to check,
repress; pref. re- re + premere to press.
See Press, and cf. Repress.] Severe
or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public.
Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp reprimand for
her treatment of him.
Macaulay.
Rep"ri*mand, v. t. [imp. & p.
p. Reprimanded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprimanding.] [Cf. F.
r\'82primander. See Reprimand,
n.] 1. To reprove severely; to
reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally.
Germanicus was severely reprimanded by Tiberius for
traveling into Egypt without his permission.
Arbuthnot.
2. To reprove publicly and officially, in execution
of a sentence; as, the court ordered him to be
reprimanded.
Syn. -- To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure;
blame. See Reprove.
Rep"ri*mand`er (-m?nd`?r), n.
One who reprimands.
Re*prim"er (r?-pr?m"?r), n.
(Firearms) A machine or implement for applying
fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be
used again.
Re*print" (r?-pr?nt"), v. t.
1. To print again; to print a second or a new
edition of.
2. To renew the impression of.
The whole business of our redemption is . . . to
reprint God's image upon the soul.
South.
Re"print` (r?"pr?nt`), n. A
second or a new impression or edition of any printed work;
specifically, the publication in one country of a work previously
published in another.
Re*print"er (r?-pr?nt"?r), n.
One who reprints.
Re*pris"al (r?-priz"al), n.
[F. repr, It. ripresaglia,
rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L.
reprehendere, reprehensum. See
Reprehend, Reprise.] 1. The
act of taking from an enemy by way of reteliation or
indemnity.
Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals
continued to take place.
Macaulay.
2. Anything taken from an enemy in
retaliation.
3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting
suffering or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation
for an act of inhumanity.
Vattel (Trans. )
4. Any act of retaliation.
Waterland.
Letters of marque and reprisal. See under
Marque.
Re*prise" (r?-pr?z"), n. [F.
reprise, fr. reprendre, repris,
to take back, L. reprehendere. See
Reprehend.]
1. A taking by way of retaliation.
[Obs.]
Dryden.
2. pl. (Law) Deductions and
duties paid yearly out of a manor and lands, as rent charge, rent
seck, pensions, annuities, and the like. [Written
also reprizes.]
Burrill.
3. A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a
pirate.
Re*prise", v. t. [Written also
reprize.] 1. To take again; to
retake. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. To recompense; to pay. [Obs.]
Re*pris"tin*ate (r?-pr?s"t?n-?t), v.
t. [Pref. re- +
pristine.] To restore to an original
state. [R.]
Shedd.
Re*pris`ti*na"tion (-t?-n?"sh?n), n.
Restoration to an original state; renewal of purity.
[R.]
R. Browning.
Re*prive" (r?-pr?v"), v. t.
[Pref. re- + L. privare to
deprive.] To take back or away.
[Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*prive", v. t. To reprieve.
[Obs.]
Howell.
Re*prize" (-pr?z"), v. t. See
Reprise. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Re*priz"es (-pr?z"?z), n.pl.
(Law) See Repise, n.,
2.
Re*proach" (r?-pr?ch"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reproached
(-pr?cht"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reproaching.] [F. reprocher,
OF. reprochier, (assumed) LL. reproriare;
L. pref. re- again, against, back + prope
near; hence, originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth.
Cf. Approach.] 1. To come back to,
or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame or disgrace
upon; to disgrace. [Obs.]
I thought your marriage fit; else imputation,
For that he knew you, might reproach your life.
Shak.
2. To attribute blame to; to allege something
disgracefull against; to charge with a fault; to censure severely
or contemptuously; to upbraid.
If ye be reproached for the name of Christ.
1 Peter iv. 14.
That this newcomer, Shame,
There sit not, and reproach us as unclean.
Milton.
Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed
His fainting friends, reproached their shameful
flight.
Repelled the victors.
Dryden.
Syn. -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn;
revile; vilify.
Re*proach", n. [F. reproche.
See Reproach, v.]
1. The act of reproaching; censure mingled with
contempt; contumelious or opprobrious language toward any person;
abusive reflections; as, severe reproach.
No reproaches even, even when pointed and barbed
with the sharpest wit, appeared to give him pain.
Macaulay.
Give not thine heritage to reproach.
Joel ii. 17.
2. A cause of blame or censure; shame;
disgrace.
3. An object of blame, censure, scorn, or
derision.
Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no
more a reproach.
Neh. ii. 17.
Syn. -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium;
invective; contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility;
insolence; insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;;
disgrace; infamy.
Re*proach"a*blr (-?-b'l), a.
[Cf. F. reprochable.]
1. Deserving reproach; censurable.
2. Opprobrius; scurrilous.
[Obs.]
Sir T. Elyot.
-- Re*proach"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*proach"a*bly, adv.
Re*proach"er (-?r), n. One who
reproaches.
Re*proach"ful (-f?l), a. 1.
Expressing or containing reproach; upbraiding; opprobrious;
abusive.
The reproachful speeches . . .
That he hath breathed in my dishonor here.
Shak.
2. Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful;
base; as, a reproachful life.
Syn. -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive;
insulting; contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous;
disreputable; discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful;
scandalous; base; vile; infamous.
-- Re*proach"ful*ly
(r, adv. --
Re*proach"ful*ness, n.
Re*proach"less, a. Being without
reproach.
Repp"ro*ba*cy (r?p"r?-b?-c?), n.
Reprobation. [R.]
Rep"ro*bance (-bans), n.
Reprobation. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), a. [L.
reprobatus, p. p. of reprobare to
disapprove, condemn. See Reprieve,
Reprove.]
1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard
purity or fineness; disallowed; rejected.
[Obs.]
Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the
Lord hath rejected them.
Jer. vi. 30.
2. Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally
abandoned and lost; given up to vice; depraved.
And strength, and art, are easily outdone
By spirits reprobate.
Milton.
3. Of or pertaining to one who is given up to
wickedness; as, reprobate conduct.
\'bdReprobate desire.\'b8
Shak.
Syn. -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked;
profligate; base; vile. See Abandoned.
Rep"ro*bate, n. One morally abandoned
and lost.
I acknowledge myself for a reprobate, a villain, a
traitor to the king.
Sir W. Raleigh.
Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reprobated
(-b?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reprobating.] 1. To disapprove
with detestation or marks of extreme dislike; to condemn as
unworthy; to disallow; to reject.
Such an answer as this is reprobated and disallowed
of in law; I do not believe it, unless the deed appears.
Ayliffe.
Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was
reprobated by the other.
Macaulay.
2. To abandon to punishment without hope of
pardon.
Syn. -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon;
reject.
Rep"ro*bate*ness, n. The state of being
reprobate.
Rep"ro*ba`ter (-b?`t?r), n. One
who reprobates.
Rep`ro*ba"tion (-b?`sh?n), n.
[F. r\'82probation, or L.
reprobatio.] 1. The act of
reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong disapproval or
censure.
The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually
soliciting an increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned
with becoming reprobation.
Jeffrey.
Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and
false coin.
Dryden.
2. (Theol.) The predestination of a
certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of
condemnation and punishment.
Rep`ro*ba"tion*er (-?r), n.
(Theol.) One who believes in reprobation. See
Reprobation,2.
South.
Rep"ro*ba*tive (-b?-t?v), a. Of
or pertaining to reprobation; expressing reprobation.
Rep"ro*ba`to*ry (-b?`t?-r?), a.
Reprobative.
Re`pro*duce" (r?`pr?-d?s"), v. t.
To produce again. Especially: (a) To
bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to
reproduce charges; to reproduce a
play. (b) To cause to exist again.
Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays
with those their colors are mixed again they reproduce
the same white light as before.
Sir I. Newton.
(c) To produce again, by generation or the like; to
cause the existence of (something of the same class, kind, or
nature as another thing); to generate or beget, as offspring;
as, to reproduce a rose; some animals are
reproduced by gemmation. (d) To
make an image or other representation of; to portray; to cause to
exist in the memory or imagination; to make a copy of; as, to
reproduce a person's features in marble, or on canvas;
to reproduce a design.
Re`pro*du"cer (-d?"s?r), n. One
who, or that which, reproduces.
Burke.
Re`pro*duc"tion (-d?k"sh?n), n.
[Cf. F. reproduction.] 1. The
act or process of reproducing; the state of being
reproduced; specifically (Biol.), the
process by which plants and animals give rise to offspring.
asexual reproduction (agamogenesis) and
sexual reproduction (gamogenesis). In both cases
the new individual is developed from detached portions of the
parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation, fission,
etc.), the detached portions of the organism develop into new
individuals without the intervention of other living matter. In
sexual reproduction, the detached portion, which is always a
single cell, called the female germ cell, is acted
upon by another portion of living matter, the male germ
cell, usually from another organism, and in the fusion of
the two (impregnation) a new cell is formed, from the development
of which arises a new individual.
2. That which is reproduced.
Re`pro*duc"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf.
F. reproductif.] Tending, or pertaining, to
reproduction; employed in reproduction.
Lyell.
Re`pro*duc"to*ry (-t?-r?), a.
Reproductive.
Re*proof" (r?-pr??f"), n. [OE.
reproef. See Proof, Reprove.]
1. Refutation; confutation; contradiction.
[Obs.]
2. An expression of blame or censure; especially,
blame expressed to the face; censure for a fault; chiding;
reproach.
Those best can bear reproof who merit praise.
Pope.
Syn. -- Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand;
rebuke; censure; blame. See Admonition.
Re*prov"a*ble (r?-pr??v"?-b'l), a.
[Cf. F. r<'82prouvable.] Worthy of
reproof or censure.
Jer. Taylor.
Syn. -- Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible;
culpable; rebukable.
--Re*prov"a*ble*ness, n. --
Re*prov"a*bly, adv.
Re prov"al (-al), n.
Reproof.
Sir P. Sidney.
Re*prove" (r?-pr??v"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Reproved
(-pr??vd"); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reproving.] [F.
r\'82prouver, OF. reprover, fr. L.
reprobare. See Reprieve, Reprobate,
and cf. Reproof.] 1. To
convince. [Obs.]
When he is come, he will reprove the world of sin,
and of righteousness, and of judgment.
John xvi. 9.
2. To disprove; to refute.
[Obs.]
Reprove my allegation, if you can.
Shak.
3. To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse
as guilty; to censure.
What if thy son
Prove disobedient, and, reproved, retort,
\'bdWherefore didst thou beget me?\'b8
Milton.
4. To express disapprobation of; as, to
reprove faults.
He neither reproved the ordinance of John, neither
plainly condemned the fastings of the other men.
Udall.
Syn. -- To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame
censure. -- Reprove, Rebuke,
Reprimand. These words all signufy the expression of
disapprobation. To reprove implies greater calmness
and self-possession. To rebuke implies a more excited
and personal feeling. A reproof may be administered
long after the offience is committed, and is usually intended for
the reformation of the offender; a rebuke is commonly
given at the moment of the wrong, and is administered by way of
punishment and condemnation. A reprimand proceeds from
a person invested with authority, and is a formal and offiscial
act. A child is reproved for his faults, and
rebuked for his impudence. A military officer is
reprimanded for neglect or violation of duty.
Re*prov"er (r?-pr??v"?r), n.
One who, or that which, reproves.
Re*prov"ing*ly, adv. In a reproving
manner.
Re*prine" (r?-pr?n"), v. t. To
prune again or anew.
Yet soon reprunes her wing to soar anew.
Young.
Rep"-sil`ver (r?p"s?l`v?r), n.
[See Reap.] Money anciently paid by
servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service
of reaping his corn or grain.
Rep"tant (r?p"tant), a.
[L. reptans, -antis, p. pr. of
reptare, v. intens. from repere to creep.
See Reptile.]
1. (Bot.) Same as Repent.
2. (Zo\'94l.) Creeping; crawling; --
said of reptiles, worms, etc.
\'d8Rep*tan"ti*a (r?p-t?n"sh?-?),
n.pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A
divisiom of gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata.
Rep*ta"tion (r?p-t?"sh?n), n.
[L. reptatio, from reptare: cf. F.
reptation.] (Zo\'94l.) The act
of creeping.
Rep"ta*to*ry (r?p"t?-t?-r?), a.
(Zo\'94l.) Creeping.
Rep"tile (r?p"t?l;277), a. [F.
reptile, L. reptilis, fr.
repere, reptum, to creep; cf. Lith.
reploti; perh. akin to L. serpere. Cf.
Serpent.] 1. Creeping; moving on the
belly, or by means of small and short legs.
2. Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a
reptile race or crew; reptile vices.
There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result
not of caution, but of fear.
Burke.
And dislodge their reptile souls
From the bodies and forms of men.
Coleridge.
Rep"tile, n. 1.
(Zo\'94l.) An animal that crawls, or moves on its
belly, as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards,
and the like.
An inadvertent step may crush the snail
That crawls at evening in the public path;
But he that has humanity, forewarned,
Will tread aside, and let the reptile live.
Cowper.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Reptilia, or
one of the Amphibia.
reptiles, though much
more closely allied to the fishes.
3. A groveling or very mean person.
\'d8Rep*til"i*a (r?p-t?l"?-?), n.pl.
[NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A class of
air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales
or bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one
ventricle. The development of the young is the same as that of
birds.
Rep*til"i*an (-an), a.
Belonging to the reptiles.
Reptilian age (Geol.), that part of
geological time comprising the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
periods, and distinguished as that era in which the class of
reptiles attained its highest expansion; -- called also the
Secondary or Mezozoic
age.
Rep*til"i*an, n. (Zo\'94l.)
One of the Reptilia; a reptile.
Re*pub"lic (r?-p?b"l?k), n. [F.
r\'82publique, L. respublica commonwealth;
res a thing, an affair + publicus,
publica, public. See Real, a., and
Public.]
1. Common weal. [Obs.]
B. Jonson.
2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in
the whole body of the people, and is exercised by representatives
elected by them; a commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2.
aristocracy. In some there was a division of
authority between an aristocracy and the whole body of the people
except slaves. No existing republic recognizes an exclusive
privilege of any class to govern, or tolerates the institution of
slavery.
Republic of letters, The collective body of
literary or learned men.
<-- Democratic republic, a term much used by countries with a
Communist system of government. -->
Re*pub"lic*an (-l?-kan), a.
[F. r\'82publicain.] 1. Of or
pertaining to a republic.
The Roman emperors were republican magistrates
named by the senate.
Macaulay.
2. Consonant with the principles of a republic;
as, republican sentiments or opinions;
republican manners.
Republican party. (U.S. Politics)
(a) An earlier name of the Democratic party when it
was opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was its great
leader. (b) One of the existing great parties.
It was organized in 1856 by a combination of voters from other
parties for the purpose of opposing the extension of slavery, and
in 1860 it elected Abraham Lincoln president.
<-- p. 1223 -->
Re*pub"lic*an (r?-p?b"l?-kan),
n. 1. One who favors or prefers a
republican form of government.
2. (U.S.Politics) A member of the
Republican party.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The American
cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build their nests side by side,
many together. (b) A South African weaver
bird (Philet\'91rus socius). These weaver birds build
many nests together, under a large rooflike shelter, which they
make of straw.
Red republican. See under
Red.
Re*pub"lic*an*ism (-?z'm), n.
[Cf. F. r\'82publicanisme.] 1.
A republican form or system of government; the principles or
theory of republican government.
2. Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a
republican form of government.
Burke.
3. The principles and policy of the Republican
party, so called [U.S.]
Re*pub"lic*an*ize (-?z), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Republicanized
(-?zd); p. pr. & vb. n.
Republicanizing (-?`z?ng).]
[Cf. F. r\'82publicaniser.] To change,
as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; as,
France was republicanized; to republicanize the
rising generation.
D. Ramsay.
Re*pub"li*cate (r?*p?b"l?*k?t), v.
t. [Cf. LL. republicare.] To
make public again; to republish. [Obs.]
Re*pub`li*ca"tion (r?-p?b`l?-k?"sh?n),
n. A second publication, or a new publication of
something before published, as of a former will, of a volume
already published, or the like; specifically, the publication in
one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint.
If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the
former; but the republication of a former will revokes
one of a later date, and establishes the first.
Blackstone.
Re*pub"lish (r?-p?b"l?sh), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Republished
(-l?sht); p. pr. & vb. n.
Republishing.] To publish anew;
specifically, to publish in one country (a work first published
in another); also, to revive (a will) by re
Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor
republished his will.
Blackstone.
Re*pub"lish*er (-?r), n. One
who republishes.
Re*pu"di*a*ble (r?-p?"d?-?-b'l), a.
[See Repudilate.] Admitting of
repudiation; fit or proper to be put away.
Re*pu"di*ate (-?t), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repudiated
(-?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Repudiating.] [L.
repudiatus, p. p. of repudiare to
repudiate, reject, fr. repudium separation, divorce;
pref. re- re- + pudere to be
ashamed.]
1. To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do
with; to renounce; to reject.
Servitude is to be repudiated with greater
care.
Prynne.
2. To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or
a woman one has promised to marry.
His separation from Terentis, whom he repudiated
not long afterward.
Bolingbroke.
3. To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim;
as, the State has repudiated its debts.
Re*pu`di*a"tion (-\'b5"sh?n), n.
[Cf.F. r\'82pudiation, L.
repudiatio.] The act of repudiating, or the
state of being repuddiated; as, the repudiation of a
doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc.
Re*pu`di*a"tion, n. One who favors
repudiation, especially of a public debt.
Re*pu"di*a`tor (r?-p?"d?-?`t?r), n.
[L., a rejecter, contemner.] One who
repudiates.
Re*pugn" (r?-p?n"), v. t. [F.
r\'82pugner, L. repugnare,
repugnatum; pref. re- + pugnare to fight.
See Pugnacious.] To fight against; to oppose;
to resist. [R.]
Stubbornly he did repugn the truth.
Shak.
Re*pug"na*ble (r?-p?g"n?-b'l), a.
Capable of being repugned or resisted.
[R.]
Sir T. North.
{ Re*pug"nance (-nans),
Re*pug"nan*cy (-nan-s?), }
n. [F. r\'82pugnance, L.
repugnantia.] The state or condition of
being repugnant; opposition; contrariety; especially, a strong
instinctive antagonism; aversion; reluctance; unwillingness, as
of mind, passions, principles, qualities, and the like.
That which causes us to lose most of our time is the
repugnance which we naturally have to labor.
Dryden.
Let the foes quietly cut their throats,
Without repugnancy.
Shak.
Syn. -- Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike;
antipathy; hatred; hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety;
inconsistency. See Dislike.
Re*pug"nant (-nant), a.
[F. r\'82pugnant, or L. repugnans,
-antis, p. pr. of repugnare. See
Repugn.] Disposed to fight against; hostile;
at war with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent;
refractory; disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree;
offensive; -- usually followed by to, rarely and less
properly by with; as, all rudeness was
repugnant to her nature.
[His sword] repugnant to command.
Shak.
There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less
repugnant unto the will of the Lawgiver, God
himself.
Perkins.
Syn. -- Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent;
irreconcilable; hostile; inimical.
Re*pug"nant*ly, adv. In a repugnant
manner.
Re*pug"nate (-n?t), v. t. [From
L. repugnare. See Repugn.] To
oppose; to fight against. [Obs.]
Re*pugn"er (r?-p?n"?r), n. One
who repugns.
Re*pul"lu*late (r?-p?l"l?-l?t), v.
i. [L. repullulare,
repullulatum. See Pullulate.] To
bud again.
Though tares repullulate, there is wheat still left
in the field.
Howell.
Re*pul`lu*la"tion (r?-p?l`l?-l?"sh?n),
n. The act of budding again; the state of having
budded again.
Re*pulse" (r?-p?ls"), v. t.
[imp. & p. p. Repulsed
(-p?lst");