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## com.trolltech.qt.gui
Class QTransform

    java.lang.Object
      com.trolltech.qt.QSignalEmitter
          com.trolltech.qt.QtJambiObject
              com.trolltech.qt.gui.QTransform

All Implemented Interfaces:
  QtJambiInterface, java.lang.Cloneable

    public class QTransform

extends QtJambiObject
implements java.lang.Cloneable

The `QTransform` class specifies 2D transformations of a coordinate system. A transformation specifies how to translate, scale, shear, rotate or project the coordinate system, and is typically used when rendering graphics.

`QTransform` differs from `QMatrix` in that it is a true 3x3 matrix, allowing perpective transformations. `QTransform`'s `toAffine()` method allows casting `QTransform` to `QMatrix`. If a perspective transformation has been specified on the matrix, then the conversion to an affine `QMatrix` will cause loss of data.

`QTransform` is the recommended transformation class in Qt.

A `QTransform` object can be built using the `setMatrix()`, `scale()`, `rotate()`, `translate()` and `shear()` functions. Alternatively, it can be built by applying `basic matrix operations`. The matrix can also be defined when constructed, and it can be reset to the identity matrix (the default) using the `reset()` function.

The `QTransform` class supports mapping of graphic primitives: A given point, line, polygon, region, or painter path can be mapped to the coordinate system defined by this matrix using the `map()` function. In case of a rectangle, its coordinates can be transformed using the `mapRect()` function. A rectangle can also be transformed into a polygon (mapped to the coordinate system defined by this matrix), using the `mapToPolygon()` function.

`QTransform` provides the `isIdentity()` function which returns true if the matrix is the identity matrix, and the `isInvertible()` function which returns true if the matrix is non-singular (i.e. AB = BA = I). The `inverted()` function returns an inverted copy of this matrix if it is invertible (otherwise it returns the identity matrix). In addition, `QTransform` provides the `det()` function returning the matrix's determinant.

Finally, the `QTransform` class supports matrix multiplication, and objects of the class can be streamed as well as compared.

- Rendering Graphics
- Basic Matrix Operations

## Rendering Graphics

When rendering graphics, the matrix defines the transformations but the actual transformation is performed by the drawing routines in `QPainter`.

By default, `QPainter` operates on the associated device's own coordinate system. The standard coordinate system of a `QPaintDevice` has its origin located at the top-left position. The x values increase to the right; y values increase downward. For a complete description, see the coordinate system documentation.

`QPainter` has functions to translate, scale, shear and rotate the coordinate system without using a `QTransform`. For example:

        void SimpleTransformation.paintEvent(QPaintEvent )
        {
            QPainter painter(this);
            painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.blue, 1, Qt.DashLine));
            painter.drawRect(0, 0, 100, 100);

            painter.rotate(45);

            painter.setFont(QFont("Helvetica", 24));
            painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 1));
            painter.drawText(20, 10, "QTransform");
        }

Although these functions are very convenient, it can be more efficient to build a `QTransform` and call `QPainter::setTransform()` if you want to perform more than a single transform operation. For example:

        void CombinedTransformation.paintEvent(QPaintEvent )
        {
            QPainter painter(this);
            painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.blue, 1, Qt.DashLine));
            painter.drawRect(0, 0, 100, 100);

            QTransform transform;
            transform.translate(50, 50);
            transform.rotate(45);
            transform.scale(0.5, 1.0);
            painter.setTransform(transform);

            painter.setFont(QFont("Helvetica", 24));
            painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 1));
            painter.drawText(20, 10, "QTransform");
        }

## Basic Matrix Operations

A `QTransform` object contains a 3 x 3 matrix. The `dx` and `dy` elements specify horizontal and vertical translation. The `m11` and `m22` elements specify horizontal and vertical scaling. And finally, the `m21` and `m12` elements specify horizontal and vertical shearing.

`QTransform` transforms a point in the plane to another point using the following formulas:

            x' = m11 + m21 + dx
            y' = m22 + m12 + dy

The point (x, y) is the original point, and (x', y') is the transformed point. (x', y') can be transformed back to (x, y) by performing the same operation on the `inverted()` matrix.

The various matrix elements can be set when constructing the matrix, or by using the `setMatrix()` function later on. They also be manipulated using the `translate()`, `rotate()`, `scale()` and `shear()` convenience functions, The currently set values can be retrieved using the `m11()`, `m12()`, `m21()`, `m22()`, `dx()` and `dy()` functions.

Translation is the simplest transformation. Setting `dx` and `dy` will move the coordinate system `dx` units along the X axis and `dy` units along the Y axis. Scaling can be done by setting `m11` and `m22`. For example, setting `m11` to 2 and `m22` to 1.5 will double the height and increase the width by 50%. The identity matrix has `m11` and `m22` set to 1 (all others are set to 0) mapping a point to itself. Shearing is controlled by `m12` and `m21`. Setting these elements to values different from zero will twist the coordinate system. Rotation is achieved by carefully setting both the shearing factors and the scaling factors.

Here's the combined transformations example using basic matrix operations:

        void BasicOperations.paintEvent(QPaintEvent )
        {
            double pi = 3.14;

            double a    = pi/180  45.0;
            double sina = sin(a);
            double cosa = cos(a);

            QTransform translationTransform(1, 0, 0, 1, 50.0, 50.0);
            QTransform rotationTransform(cosa, sina, -sina, cosa, 0, 0);
            QTransform scalingTransform(0.5, 0, 0, 1.0, 0, 0);

            QTransform transform;
            transform = scalingTransform  rotationTransform  translationTransform;

            QPainter painter(this);
            painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.blue, 1, Qt.DashLine));
            painter.drawRect(0, 0, 100, 100);

            painter.setTransform(transform);

            painter.setFont(QFont("Helvetica", 24));
            painter.setPen(QPen(Qt.black, 1));
            painter.drawText(20, 10, "QTransform");
        }

See also:
  `QPainter`, The Coordinate System, Affine Transformations Demo, and Transformations Example.

Nested Class Summary
`static class` | `QTransform.TransformationType`

Nested classes/interfaces inherited from class com.trolltech.qt.QSignalEmitter
`QSignalEmitter.Signal0, QSignalEmitter.Signal1, QSignalEmitter.Signal2, QSignalEmitter.Signal3, QSignalEmitter.Signal4, QSignalEmitter.Signal5, QSignalEmitter.Signal6, QSignalEmitter.Signal7, QSignalEmitter.Signal8, QSignalEmitter.Signal9`

Constructor Summary
`QTransform()`
`QTransform(double h11, double h12, double h13, double h21, double h22, double h23)` Constructs a matrix with the elements, `h11`, `h12`, `h21`, `h22`, `dx` and `dy`.
`QTransform(double h11, double h12, double h13, double h21, double h22, double h23, double h31, double h32)` Constructs a matrix with the elements, `h11`, `h12`, `h13`, `h21`, `h22`, `h23`, `h31`, `h32`, `h33`.
`QTransform(double h11, double h12, double h13, double h21, double h22, double h23, double h31, double h32, double h33)` Constructs a matrix with the elements, `h11`, `h12`, `h13`, `h21`, `h22`, `h23`, `h31`, `h32`, `h33`.
`QTransform(QMatrix mtx)` Constructs a matrix that is a copy of the given `matrix`.

Method Summary
`QTransform` | `add(double d)` Adds `d` to this QTransform.
`QTransform` | `adjoint()` Returns the adjoint of this matrix.
`QTransform` | `clone()`
`double` | `det()` Returns the matrix's determinant.
`double` | `determinant()` Returns the matrix's determinant.
`QTransform` | `divide(double d)` Divides this QTransform by `d`.
`double` | `dx()` Returns the horizontal translation factor.
`double` | `dy()` Returns the vertical translation factor.
`static QTransform` | `fromNativePointer(QNativePointer nativePointer)` This method returns the QTransform instance pointed to by `nativePointer`.
`QTransform` | `inverted()` Returns an inverted copy of this transformation.
`boolean` | `isAffine()` Returns true if the matrix represent an affine transformation, otherwise returns false.
`boolean` | `isIdentity()` Returns true if the matrix is the identity matrix, otherwise returns false.
`boolean` | `isInvertible()` Returns true if the matrix is invertible, otherwise returns false.
`boolean` | `isRotating()` Returns true if the matrix represents some kind of a rotating transformation, otherwise returns false.
`boolean` | `isScaling()` Returns true if the matrix represents a scaling transformation, otherwise returns false.
`boolean` | `isTranslating()` Returns true if the matrix represents a translating transformation, otherwise returns false.
`double` | `m11()` Returns the horizontal scaling factor.
`double` | `m12()` Returns the vertical shearing factor.
`double` | `m13()` Returns the horizontal projection factor.
`double` | `m21()` Returns the horizontal shearing factor.
`double` | `m22()` Returns the vertical scaling factor.
`double` | `m23()` Returns the vertical projection factor.
`double` | `m31()` Returns the horizontal translation factor.
`double` | `m32()` Returns the vertical translation factor.
`double` | `m33()` Returns the division factor.
`QLine` | `map(QLine l)` Creates and returns a `QLineF` object that is a copy of the given line, `l`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QLineF` | `map(QLineF l)` Creates and returns a `QLine` object that is a copy of the given `line`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QPainterPath` | `map(QPainterPath p)` Creates and returns a `QPainterPath` object that is a copy of the given `path`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QPoint` | `map(QPoint p)` Creates and returns a `QPoint` object that is a copy of the given `point`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QPointF` | `map(QPointF p)` Creates and returns a `QPointF` object that is a copy of the given point, `p`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QPolygon` | `map(QPolygon a)` Creates and returns a `QPolygon` object that is a copy of the given `polygon`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QPolygonF` | `map(QPolygonF a)` Creates and returns a `QPolygonF` object that is a copy of the given `polygon`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QRegion` | `map(QRegion r)` Creates and returns a `QRegion` object that is a copy of the given `region`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QRect` | `mapRect(QRect arg__1)` Creates and returns a `QRect` object that is a copy of the given `rectangle`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QRectF` | `mapRect(QRectF arg__1)` Creates and returns a `QRectF` object that is a copy of the given `rectangle`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QPolygon` | `mapToPolygon(QRect r)` Creates and returns a `QPolygon` representation of the given `rectangle`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.
`QTransform` | `multiplied(QTransform o)` Multiplies this QTransform with `o`, and returns the result.
`QTransform` | `multiply(double d)` Multiplies this QTransform with `d`.
`QTransform` | `multiply(QTransform matrix)` Returns the result of multiplying this matrix by the given `matrix`.
`static QNativePointer` | `nativePointerArray(QTransform[] array)` This function returns a QNativePointer that is pointing to the specified QTransform array.
`static QTransform` | `quadToQuad(QPolygonF from, QPolygonF to)` Creates a transformation mapping one arbitrary quad into another.
`static QTransform` | `quadToSquare(QPolygonF quad)` Creates a transformation that maps a quad to a unit square.
`void` | `readFrom(QDataStream arg__1)` Reads a QTransform
`void` | `reset()` Resets the matrix to an identity matrix, i.e.
`QTransform` | `rotate(double angle)` Rotates the transformation around the z-axis.
`QTransform` | `rotate(double angle, Qt.Axis axis)` Rotates the transformation around the given axis.
`QTransform` | `rotateRadians(double angle)` Rotates the transformation around the z-axis.
`QTransform` | `rotateRadians(double angle, Qt.Axis axis)` Rotates the transformation around the given axis.
`QTransform` | `scale(double x, double y)` Scales the transformation using x and y.
`void` | `setMatrix(double m11, double m12, double m13, double m21, double m22, double m23, double m31, double m32, double m33)` Sets the matrix elements to the specified values, `m11`, `m12`, `m13` `m21`, `m22`, `m23` `m31`, `m32` and `m33`.
`QTransform` | `shear(double x, double y)` Shears the transformation using x and y.
`static QTransform` | `squareToQuad(QPolygonF quad)` Creates a transformation that maps a unit square to a the given quad.
`QTransform` | `subtract(double d)` Subtracts `d` from this QTransform.
`QMatrix` | `toAffine()` Returns the `QTransform` cast to a `QMatrix`.
`java.lang.String` | `toString()`
`QTransform` | `translate(double x, double y)` Translates the transformation using x and y.
`QTransform` | `transposed()` Returns the transpose of this matrix.
`QTransform.TransformationType` | `type()` Returns the transformation type of this matrix.
`void` | `writeTo(QDataStream arg__1)` Writes thisQTransform

Methods inherited from class com.trolltech.qt.QtJambiObject
`dispose, disposed, equals, finalize, reassignNativeResources, tr, tr, tr`

Methods inherited from class com.trolltech.qt.QSignalEmitter
`blockSignals, disconnect, disconnect, signalsBlocked, signalSender, thread`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Methods inherited from interface com.trolltech.qt.QtJambiInterface
`disableGarbageCollection, nativeId, nativePointer, reenableGarbageCollection, setJavaOwnership`

Constructor Detail

### QTransform

    public QTransform()

### QTransform

    public QTransform(QMatrix mtx)

  Constructs a matrix that is a copy of the given `matrix`. Note that the `m13`, `m23`, and `m33` elements are set to 0, 0, and 1 respectively.

### QTransform

    public QTransform(double h11,
                      double h12,
                      double h13,
                      double h21,
                      double h22,
                      double h23)

  Constructs a matrix with the elements, `h11`, `h12`, `h21`, `h22`, `dx` and `dy`.

See also:
  `setMatrix()`.

### QTransform

    public QTransform(double h11,
                      double h12,
                      double h13,
                      double h21,
                      double h22,
                      double h23,
                      double h31,
                      double h32)

  Constructs a matrix with the elements, `h11`, `h12`, `h13`, `h21`, `h22`, `h23`, `h31`, `h32`, `h33`.

See also:
  `setMatrix()`.

### QTransform

    public QTransform(double h11,
                      double h12,
                      double h13,
                      double h21,
                      double h22,
                      double h23,
                      double h31,
                      double h32,
                      double h33)

  Constructs a matrix with the elements, `h11`, `h12`, `h13`, `h21`, `h22`, `h23`, `h31`, `h32`, `h33`.

See also:
  `setMatrix()`.

Method Detail

### adjoint

    public final QTransform adjoint()

  Returns the adjoint of this matrix.

### det

    public final double det()

  Returns the matrix's determinant.

### determinant

    public final double determinant()

  Returns the matrix's determinant.

### dx

    public final double dx()

  Returns the horizontal translation factor.

See also:
  `m31()`, `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### dy

    public final double dy()

  Returns the vertical translation factor.

See also:
  `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### isAffine

    public final boolean isAffine()

  Returns true if the matrix represent an affine transformation, otherwise returns false.

### isIdentity

    public final boolean isIdentity()

  Returns true if the matrix is the identity matrix, otherwise returns false.

See also:
  `reset()`.

### isInvertible

    public final boolean isInvertible()

  Returns true if the matrix is invertible, otherwise returns false.

See also:
  `inverted()`.

### isRotating

    public final boolean isRotating()

  Returns true if the matrix represents some kind of a rotating transformation, otherwise returns false.

See also:
  `reset()`.

### isScaling

    public final boolean isScaling()

  Returns true if the matrix represents a scaling transformation, otherwise returns false.

See also:
  `reset()`.

### isTranslating

    public final boolean isTranslating()

  Returns true if the matrix represents a translating transformation, otherwise returns false.

See also:
  `reset()`.

### m11

    public final double m11()

  Returns the horizontal scaling factor.

See also:
  `scale()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m12

    public final double m12()

  Returns the vertical shearing factor.

See also:
  `shear()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m13

    public final double m13()

  Returns the horizontal projection factor.

See also:
  `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m21

    public final double m21()

  Returns the horizontal shearing factor.

See also:
  `shear()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m22

    public final double m22()

  Returns the vertical scaling factor.

See also:
  `scale()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m23

    public final double m23()

  Returns the vertical projection factor.

See also:
  `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m31

    public final double m31()

  Returns the horizontal translation factor.

See also:
  `dx()`, `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m32

    public final double m32()

  Returns the vertical translation factor.

See also:
  `dy()`, `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### m33

    public final double m33()

  Returns the division factor.

See also:
  `translate()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### map

    public final QLine map(QLine l)

  Creates and returns a `QLineF` object that is a copy of the given line, `l`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

### map

    public final QLineF map(QLineF l)

  Creates and returns a `QLine` object that is a copy of the given `line`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix. Note that the transformed coordinates are rounded to the nearest integer.

### map

    public final QPainterPath map(QPainterPath p)

  Creates and returns a `QPainterPath` object that is a copy of the given `path`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

### map

    public final QPoint map(QPoint p)

  Creates and returns a `QPoint` object that is a copy of the given `point`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix. Note that the transformed coordinates are rounded to the nearest integer.

### map

    public final QPointF map(QPointF p)

  Creates and returns a `QPointF` object that is a copy of the given point, `p`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

### map

    public final QPolygon map(QPolygon a)

  Creates and returns a `QPolygon` object that is a copy of the given `polygon`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix. Note that the transformed coordinates are rounded to the nearest integer.

### map

    public final QPolygonF map(QPolygonF a)

  Creates and returns a `QPolygonF` object that is a copy of the given `polygon`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

### map

    public final QRegion map(QRegion r)

  Creates and returns a `QRegion` object that is a copy of the given `region`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

  Calling this method can be rather expensive if rotations or shearing are used.

### mapRect

    public final QRect mapRect(QRect arg__1)

  Creates and returns a `QRect` object that is a copy of the given `rectangle`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix. Note that the transformed coordinates are rounded to the nearest integer.

### mapRect

    public final QRectF mapRect(QRectF arg__1)

  Creates and returns a `QRectF` object that is a copy of the given `rectangle`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

  The rectangle's coordinates are transformed using the following formulas:

              x' = m11 + m21 + dx
              y' = m22 + m12 + dy
              if (is not affine) {
                  w' = m13 + m23 + m33
                  x' /= w'
                  y' /= w'
              }

  If rotation or shearing has been specified, this function returns the bounding rectangle. To retrieve the exact region the given `rectangle` maps to, use the `mapToPolygon()` function instead.

See also:
  `mapToPolygon()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### mapToPolygon

    public final QPolygon mapToPolygon(QRect r)

  Creates and returns a `QPolygon` representation of the given `rectangle`, mapped into the coordinate system defined by this matrix.

  The rectangle's coordinates are transformed using the following formulas:

              x' = m11 + m21 + dx
              y' = m22 + m12 + dy
              if (is not affine) {
                  w' = m13 + m23 + m33
                  x' /= w'
                  y' /= w'
              }

  Polygons and rectangles behave slightly differently when transformed (due to integer rounding), so `matrix.map(QPolygon(rectangle))` is not always the same as `matrix.mapToPolygon(rectangle)`.

See also:
  `mapRect()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### multiplied

    public final QTransform multiplied(QTransform o)

  Multiplies this QTransform with `o`, and returns the result.

### writeTo

    public final void writeTo(QDataStream arg__1)

  Writes thisQTransform

### readFrom

    public final void readFrom(QDataStream arg__1)

  Reads a QTransform

### reset

    public final void reset()

  Resets the matrix to an identity matrix, i.e. all elements are set to zero, except `m11` and `m22` (specifying the scale) which are set to 1.

See also:
  QTransform(), `isIdentity()`, and `Basic Matrix Operations`.

### setMatrix

    public final void setMatrix(double m11,
                                double m12,
                                double m13,
                                double m21,
                                double m22,
                                double m23,
                                double m31,
                                double m32,
                                double m33)

  Sets the matrix elements to the specified values, `m11`, `m12`, `m13` `m21`, `m22`, `m23` `m31`, `m32` and `m33`. Note that this function replaces the previous values. `QMatrix` provides the `translate()`, `rotate()`, `scale()` and `shear()` convenience functions to manipulate the various matrix elements based on the currently defined coordinate system.

See also:
  QTransform().

### toAffine

    public final QMatrix toAffine()

  Returns the `QTransform` cast to a `QMatrix`.

### transposed

    public final QTransform transposed()

  Returns the transpose of this matrix.

### type

    public final QTransform.TransformationType type()

  Returns the transformation type of this matrix.

### fromNativePointer

    public static QTransform fromNativePointer(QNativePointer nativePointer)

  This method returns the QTransform instance pointed to by `nativePointer`.

### nativePointerArray

    public static QNativePointer nativePointerArray(QTransform[] array)

  This function returns a QNativePointer that is pointing to the specified QTransform array.

### multiply

    public final QTransform multiply(double d)

  Multiplies this QTransform with `d`.

### multiply

    public final QTransform multiply(QTransform matrix)

  Returns the result of multiplying this matrix by the given `matrix`.

  Note that matrix multiplication is not commutative, i.e. a*b != b*a.

### add

    public final QTransform add(double d)

  Adds `d` to this QTransform. `d`

### divide

    public final QTransform divide(double d)

  Divides this QTransform by `d`.

### subtract

    public final QTransform subtract(double d)

  Subtracts `d` from this QTransform.

### inverted

    public final QTransform inverted()

  Returns an inverted copy of this transformation.

  Returns:
    The inverse of the transformation.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If this transformation is not invertible.

### quadToQuad

    public static final QTransform quadToQuad(QPolygonF from,
                                              QPolygonF to)

  Creates a transformation mapping one arbitrary quad into another.

  Returns:
    The transformation.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If this transformation is not possible.

### quadToSquare

    public static final QTransform quadToSquare(QPolygonF quad)

  Creates a transformation that maps a quad to a unit square.

  Returns:
    The transformation.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If this transformation is not possible.

### squareToQuad

    public static final QTransform squareToQuad(QPolygonF quad)

  Creates a transformation that maps a unit square to a the given quad.

  Returns:
    The transformation.
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - If this transformation is not possible.

### rotate

    public final QTransform rotate(double angle,
                                   Qt.Axis axis)

  Rotates the transformation around the given axis.

  Returns:
    The rotated transformation.

### rotate

    public final QTransform rotate(double angle)

  Rotates the transformation around the z-axis.

  Returns:
    The rotated transformation.

### rotateRadians

    public final QTransform rotateRadians(double angle,
                                          Qt.Axis axis)

  Rotates the transformation around the given axis.

  Returns:
    The rotated transformation.

### rotateRadians

    public final QTransform rotateRadians(double angle)

  Rotates the transformation around the z-axis.

  Returns:
    The rotated transformation.

### scale

    public final QTransform scale(double x,
                                  double y)

  Scales the transformation using x and y.

  Returns:
    The scaled transformation.

### shear

    public final QTransform shear(double x,
                                  double y)

  Shears the transformation using x and y.

  Returns:
    The sheared transformation.

### translate

    public final QTransform translate(double x,
                                      double y)

  Translates the transformation using x and y.

  Returns:
    The translated transformation.

### toString

    public java.lang.String toString()

  Overrides:
    `toString` in class `java.lang.Object`

### clone

    public QTransform clone()

  Overrides:
    `clone` in class `java.lang.Object`

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