Basically, this package covers two domains of functionality:
This vignette focusses on the second bullet point and gives an overview of data wrangling functions in this package.
The design of data transformation functions in this package follows, where appropriate, the tidyverse-approach, with the first argument of a function always being the data (either a data frame or vector), followed by variable names that should be processed by the function. If no variables are specified as argument, the function applies to the complete data that was indicated as first function argument.
A major difference to dplyr-functions like select() or filter() is that the data-argument (the first argument of each function), may either be a data frame or a vector. The returned object for each function equals the type of the data-argument:
library(sjmisc)
data(efc)
# returns a vector
x <- rec(efc$e42dep, recodes = "1,2=1; 3,4=2")
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
str(x)
#> atomic [1:908] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
#> - attr(*, "label")= chr "elder's dependency"
# returns a data frame (a tibble, to be exactly)
rec(efc, e42dep, recodes = "1,2=1; 3,4=2")
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> # A tibble: 908 × 1
#> e42dep_r
#> <dbl>
#> 1 2
#> 2 2
#> 3 2
#> 4 2
#> 5 2
#> 6 2
#> 7 2
#> 8 2
#> 9 2
#> 10 2
#> # ... with 898 more rowsThis design-choice is mainly due to compatibility- and convenience-reasons. It does not affect the usual “tidyverse-workflow” or when using pipe-chains.
The selection of variables specified in the ...-ellipses-argument is powered by dplyr’s select(). This means, you can use existing functions like : to select a range of variables, or also use dplyr’s select_helpers, like contains() or one_of(). However, select_helpers must begin with a ~-sign.
# select all variables with "cop" in their names, and also
# the range from c161sex to c175empl
rec(efc, ~contains("cop"), c161sex:c175empl, recodes = "0,1=0; else=1")
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> # A tibble: 908 × 12
#> c161sex_r c172code_r c175empl_r c82cop1_r c83cop2_r c84cop3_r c85cop4_r
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
#> 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
#> 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
#> 4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
#> 5 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
#> 6 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
#> 7 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
#> 8 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
#> 9 1 NA 0 1 1 1 1
#> 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
#> # ... with 898 more rows, and 5 more variables: c86cop5_r <dbl>,
#> # c87cop6_r <dbl>, c88cop7_r <dbl>, c89cop8_r <dbl>, c90cop9_r <dbl>
# center all variables with "age" in name, variable c12hour
# and all variables from column 19 to 21
center(efc, c12hour, ~contains("age"), 19:21)
#> # A tibble: 908 × 6
#> c12hour_c barthtot_c neg_c_7_c pos_v_4_c e17age_c c160age_c
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 -26.399113 10.453001 0.1502242 -0.476731 3.8787879 2.5371809
#> 2 105.600887 10.453001 8.1502242 -1.476731 8.8787879 0.5371809
#> 3 27.600887 -29.546999 -0.8497758 0.523269 2.8787879 26.5371809
#> 4 125.600887 -64.546999 -1.8497758 2.523269 -12.1212121 15.5371809
#> 5 125.600887 -39.546999 0.1502242 2.523269 4.8787879 -6.4628191
#> 6 -26.399113 -4.546999 7.1502242 -3.476731 5.8787879 2.5371809
#> 7 118.600887 -59.546999 3.1502242 0.523269 -5.1212121 7.5371809
#> 8 67.600887 -29.546999 -0.8497758 1.523269 7.8787879 13.5371809
#> 9 -14.399113 -49.546999 3.1502242 0.523269 -0.1212121 5.5371809
#> 10 -2.399113 -64.546999 -1.8497758 0.523269 3.8787879 -4.4628191
#> # ... with 898 more rowsThere are two types of function designs:
Functions like to_factor() or add_labels(), which convert variables into other types or add additional information like variable or value labels as attribute, typically return the complete data frame that was given as first argument. The variables specified in the ...-ellipses argument are converted, all other variables remain unchanged.
to_factor(efc, e42dep, e16sex)
#> # A tibble: 908 × 26
#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4
#> <dbl> <dbl> <fctr> <dbl> <fctr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 3 2 2 2
#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 3 3 3 3
#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 2 2 1 4
#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 4 1 3 1
#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 3 2 1 2
#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 2 2 3 3
#> 7 161 1 1 74 4 4 2 4 1
#> 8 110 4 2 87 4 3 2 2 1
#> 9 28 2 2 79 4 3 2 3 2
#> 10 40 2 2 83 4 3 2 1 2
#> # ... with 898 more rows, and 17 more variables: c86cop5 <dbl>,
#> # c87cop6 <dbl>, c88cop7 <dbl>, c89cop8 <dbl>, c90cop9 <dbl>,
#> # c160age <dbl>, c161sex <dbl>, c172code <dbl>, c175empl <dbl>,
#> # barthtot <dbl>, neg_c_7 <dbl>, pos_v_4 <dbl>, quol_5 <dbl>,
#> # resttotn <dbl>, tot_sc_e <dbl>, n4pstu <dbl>, nur_pst <dbl>Functions like rec() or dicho(), which transform or recode variables, typically do not return the complete data frame that was given as first argument, but only the transformed and recoded variables specified in the ...-ellipses argument. The reason for this is to preserve the original variable and not overwriting it with completeley new values.
rec(efc, c82cop1, c83cop2, recodes = "1,2=0; 3:4=2")
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> # A tibble: 908 × 2
#> c82cop1_r c83cop2_r
#> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 2 0
#> 2 2 2
#> 3 0 0
#> 4 2 0
#> 5 2 0
#> 6 0 0
#> 7 2 0
#> 8 2 0
#> 9 2 0
#> 10 2 0
#> # ... with 898 more rowsThese variables usually get a suffix, so you can bind these variables as new columns to a data frame, for instance with add_columns(). The function add_columns() is useful if you want to bind/add columns within a pipe-chain to the end of a data frame.
efc %>%
rec(c82cop1, c83cop2, recodes = "1,2=0; 3:4=2") %>%
add_columns(efc)
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> # A tibble: 908 × 28
#> c12hour e15relat e16sex e17age e42dep c82cop1 c83cop2 c84cop3 c85cop4
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 16 2 2 83 3 3 2 2 2
#> 2 148 2 2 88 3 3 3 3 3
#> 3 70 1 2 82 3 2 2 1 4
#> 4 168 1 2 67 4 4 1 3 1
#> 5 168 2 2 84 4 3 2 1 2
#> 6 16 2 2 85 4 2 2 3 3
#> 7 161 1 1 74 4 4 2 4 1
#> 8 110 4 2 87 4 3 2 2 1
#> 9 28 2 2 79 4 3 2 3 2
#> 10 40 2 2 83 4 3 2 1 2
#> # ... with 898 more rows, and 19 more variables: c86cop5 <dbl>,
#> # c87cop6 <dbl>, c88cop7 <dbl>, c89cop8 <dbl>, c90cop9 <dbl>,
#> # c160age <dbl>, c161sex <dbl>, c172code <dbl>, c175empl <dbl>,
#> # barthtot <dbl>, neg_c_7 <dbl>, pos_v_4 <dbl>, quol_5 <dbl>,
#> # resttotn <dbl>, tot_sc_e <dbl>, n4pstu <dbl>, nur_pst <dbl>,
#> # c82cop1_r <dbl>, c83cop2_r <dbl>The functions of sjmisc are designed to work together seamlessly with other packes from the tidyverse, like dplyr. For instance, you can use the functions from sjmisc both within a pipe-worklflow to manipulate data frames, or to create new variables with mutate():
efc %>%
select(c82cop1, c83cop2) %>%
rec(recodes = "1,2=0; 3:4=2")
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> # A tibble: 908 × 2
#> c82cop1_r c83cop2_r
#> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 2 0
#> 2 2 2
#> 3 0 0
#> 4 2 0
#> 5 2 0
#> 6 0 0
#> 7 2 0
#> 8 2 0
#> 9 2 0
#> 10 2 0
#> # ... with 898 more rows
efc %>%
select(c82cop1, c83cop2) %>%
mutate(
c82cop1_dicho = rec(c82cop1, recodes = "1,2=0; 3:4=2"),
c83cop2_dicho = rec(c83cop2, recodes = "1,2=0; 3:4=2")
) %>%
head()
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> Argument `recodes` is deprecated. Please use `rec` instead.
#> c82cop1 c83cop2 c82cop1_dicho c83cop2_dicho
#> 1 3 2 2 0
#> 2 3 3 2 2
#> 3 2 2 0 0
#> 4 4 1 2 0
#> 5 3 2 2 0
#> 6 2 2 0 0